Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - What is the basic spirit of China's tourism aesthetics?

What is the basic spirit of China's tourism aesthetics?

Tourism aesthetics focuses not on the basic theory of aesthetics, but on the application of aesthetic thoughts in tourism practice and the feelings of tourism aesthetics. Tourism aesthetics, as a new discipline to study tourism aesthetic activities and values, is one of the important characteristics of tourism aesthetics, which guides people (tourists and people engaged in tourism) how to appreciate natural beauty and pursue the unity of truth, goodness and beauty with the basic principles of aesthetics.

Tourism is a social practice of life, which has existed since ancient times. China is an ancient tourist country. Long ago, there was a record of Zhou Muwang's voyage to the West. Confucius said, "Wise people enjoy water while benevolent people enjoy Leshan". Although the original intention is to pursue the perfection of personality, the beauty of mountains and rivers can make the benevolent happy. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Zong Bing, a great landscape painter, put forward that "mountains and rivers flatter Taoism with shapes, and benevolent people enjoy it". Convey the implicit "Tao" from the vibrant and beautiful natural landscape. Although mysterious, it recognizes the aesthetic function of natural landscape after all. Zong Bing clearly put forward the theory of "relaxing spirit", saying that sages indulge in landscapes and forget to return. What is its real purpose? Zong Bing said, "What's left? It's just a god! "Through sightseeing, people can dilute their troubles, feel comfortable and get emotional pleasure. In Zong Bing's view, the aesthetic appreciation of landscape must not only stay on the superficial sensory enjoyment, but more importantly, it will leap to the highest level of understanding the way of nature and the principle of the universe. What a vivid and perfect China tourism aesthetic schema he outlined for us!

Tourism aesthetics, as a new discipline to study tourism aesthetic activities and values, uses the basic principles of aesthetics to guide people (tourists, people engaged in tourism) how to appreciate natural beauty, artistic beauty and social beauty, reveal their aesthetic characteristics, learn more about the natural scenery, culture, art and customs of this region and country, deepen the experience of human civilization, and get a deeper aesthetic enjoyment and education.

China's traditional aesthetics stresses the principle of consistency between truth, goodness and beauty. The author believes that this is the essence of classical aesthetics and should be inherited and carried forward in tourism aesthetics. Truth conforms to objective laws, truth is the basis of beauty, and it is not beautiful if it is not true! Good is the highest goal and utility, and the premise of beauty, while evil is not beautiful. Beauty is the best perceptual expression on the basis of truth, goodness and beauty. Pursuing the unity of truth, goodness and beauty should be said to be one of the important characteristics of tourism aesthetics.

In the development of tourism resources and the construction of tourism landscape, it is understandable that people are not satisfied with the gift of nature, but rely on material strength and intelligence to dig their brains and vigorously transplant artificial landscapes. However, miniature landscapes have sprung up everywhere. World famous cities, folk culture villages, ghost culture and other so-called landscapes that have been reduced to promoting feudal superstitions can be seen everywhere. There is no aesthetic education at all except temporary economic interests. With the development of tourism, people don't need to know more information. This kind of wind should not be advocated! All good is not necessarily perfect! None of these pseudo-landscapes created by Du Fu are real, and beauty is out of the question. Isn't the enjoyment of beauty and aesthetic education lost?

Only on the basis of truth, goodness and beauty, with its pleasant image, can beautiful scenery attract people's senses and arouse pleasant aesthetic feelings. When Xu Xiake climbed the Lotus Peak and witnessed the charming scenery of Huangshan Mountain, he couldn't help screaming and dancing ... This is the strong aesthetic feeling that Huangshan Mountain brought to Xiake. The beauty of tourism makes people immersive, with the characteristics of all-round investment and three-dimensional sense. Only travel can give people.

"Beautiful battlements, rich valleys, bumpy Yuan Ye, rosy spring and golden autumn, aren't they our teachers?" ? (Russian educator ushinski) Going to nature and facing the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland can inspire people's patriotic enthusiasm. Today, on the cliff of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, you can still see the inscription of the anti-Japanese general "driving the enemy". The great rivers and mountains of the motherland cannot be ravaged by the enemy's horseshoes! This year marks the 50th anniversary of the world anti-fascist war and the victory of China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Looking back half a century ago, the land of China was full of smoke, and our people in China fought bloody battles to resist the Japanese invasion, leaving many epic historical achievements! Battle of two battles in Shanghai, Battle of wyndell dichinson in Baoshan, Battle of Luodian, 800 warehouses in four rows alone ... Today, it's hard to find the remains of that year! The author traveled to Nanbei Lake in Zhejiang a few days ago. Nanbei Lake is located near Ganpu in Hangzhou Bay. It was the landing point of the Japanese army that year. Forgetful people refuse to set up a small stone tablet here, preferring to sacrifice their work to build a nonexistent Tan Xiancheng! After the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, tall monuments were built in all battlefield sites. The burning torches in the cemetery of the unknown heroes continued all year round, and flowers and wreaths could be seen everywhere all year round. People always remember the immortal achievements of heroes. However, we can't find a monument, a statue or a descriptive text in this land famous for the Anti-Japanese War under our feet! It's a pity that such true, kind and beautiful tourism resources have been annihilated by the dust of history!

The development of tourism resources and the protection of historical relics should be treated with caution in accordance with the principle of truth, goodness and beauty. Improving aesthetic quality is an urgent task for decision makers in tourism departments around the world.

"The land of China, no mountains and no beauty, no water and no show!" It has a long history of 5,000 years, splendid culture and art, and infinitely profound beautiful scenery, waiting for us to look down, dig deep and make comprehensive use of it. Rodin famously said, "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery. " It is worth pondering. Aren't we shouting about poor tourism resources? In fact, there are many potential resources that can be developed and utilized in various regions. The experience of Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province is worth noting. They spent tens of millions to develop and repair many coastal defense relics of the modern anti-aggression war. Let history tell the future! A new tourist attraction with distinctive features along the southeast coast is about to be built.

When developing scenic tourism, we must keep in mind the principle of "building according to the law of beauty", specifically, we should act according to the law of landscape aesthetics. Its core is to protect natural beauty. We should carefully handle the relationship between natural beauty and artificial beauty. Generally speaking, scenic spots should focus on the natural beauty of scenery, and artificial beauty can enrich, enrich and strengthen the natural beauty, and strive to achieve a harmonious combination of the two. Ancient painting theory once had a very incisive exposition on this: "The body of a mountain is the body of a stone." Trees are clothes, grass is hair, water is blood, clouds are spirit, haze is weather, temples, villages and bridges are decorations. "Don't blow up mountains and fill valleys to develop tourism, destroy forests and cut off the flow, and destroy the natural landscape! As we all know, the formation of natural scenery takes a long time, and once it is destroyed, it is difficult to compensate. If there were no strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs in Huangshan Mountain, it would not be a world-class tourist attraction "when the Five Mountains return without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan Mountain returns without looking at the mountains"!

For tourist hotel buildings all over the world, we should take the basic principles of architectural aesthetics, environmental aesthetics and landscape aesthetics as the guidance, and comprehensively examine the internal and external environment design of hotel buildings and the relationship with the surrounding environment, especially properly handle the relationship between buildings and the environment. We should take people (tourists) as the center, coordinate the relationship between nature, people and architecture, and respect people from the aspects of tourists' aesthetic psychology, ideas and cultural needs. Respect the environment (natural environment, human environment) and create a unified artistic conception. Here, we still need to emphasize the basic aesthetic principle of the unity of truth, goodness and beauty. Truth means proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts and adapting to local conditions; Goodness, that is, practicality and utility, is extended to economic benefits. On the premise of combining practicality with economy, we will strive to build tourist hotels into beautiful, comfortable, varied and charming hotels, attract Chinese and foreign guests and make them feel at home. Of course, from architectural modeling, landscaping to interior design, we must carefully design. We must have China characteristics, local colors and the spirit of the times.

Art is a reflection of social life. Therefore, to understand the history and reality of China, it is better to let tourists watch artworks. "The painted pottery basin with fish on it, the antique bronze ware, the dazzling array of Han handicrafts, the beautiful sculptures of the Northern Dynasties, the dragon and snake calligraphy of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the endless landscape paintings of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the famous poets and writers Qu Yuan, Tao Qian, Li Bai, Du Fu and Cao Xueqin. The spark of the spirit of the times solidifies and accumulates here, spreading and infecting people's thoughts, feelings, concepts and emotions, which often makes people sigh and linger. " (Li Zehou's The Course of Beauty) Brilliant culture and art is a humanistic landscape of eternal beauty, and China has great advantages in this respect. Local tourism departments should make full use of and protect this large number of extremely valuable tourism resources, so that cultural relics and historical sites can directly talk with tourists and maintain them. In order to better introduce various artistic features and style features into this concept, it is necessary for tourism aestheticians to conduct in-depth research on China's paintings, calligraphy, sculpture, architecture, bronzes and pottery, and fully reveal its aesthetic features and style of the times. For example, why is the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is praised by the world as "the eighth wonder of the world", so shocking? What are its aesthetic features and values? The most important thing is to let us vividly see the grandeur of the spirit of the times. The artistic features of Qin terracotta warriors are high realism and typicality of characterization, which achieves a vivid artistic effect with both form and spirit. This is a common feature of China's early sculpture art. By the Western Han Dynasty, the stone carvings before Huo Qubing's tomb had turned to freehand brushwork in style. The technique is more subtle. From this, we can clearly see that the most important aesthetic features of China's classical sculpture art are commemorative, symbolic and decorative. It is not created simply for viewing needs, but to commemorate a historical figure and event and the product of some achievements and merits. "Expressing ambition by things" and "expressing meaning by things" often express people through some animals and symbolize some ideas. People are no longer satisfied with faithfully imitating natural forms, but use decorative techniques to beautify their works.

Tourism aesthetics is closely related to art aesthetics, and painting aesthetics, calligraphy aesthetics, music aesthetics and architectural aesthetics are all closely related to tourism aesthetics. A capable tourist must have a deep understanding of this. Therefore, tourism colleges must strengthen the teaching of art appreciation, and all short-sighted practices are out of date.

How to improve the self-aesthetic quality and image design of tourism workers is also a subject that cannot be ignored and studied in tourism aesthetics. It is also an extremely important aspect, because it embodies the socialist spiritual civilization and represents the image of the country and the nation. Belongs to the category of social beauty. We must pay close attention to this matter.

Spiritual beauty is the core of all beauty, that is, goodness. Western aestheticians have many views on whether beauty is good. Plato, an aesthete in ancient Greece, declared that "beauty, good rhythm and harmony are all derived from the wisdom and kindness of the mind". Aristotle once said that "beauty is a kind of goodness, and it only causes pleasure because of goodness". Confucius also advocated the unity of beauty and goodness. He said, "it's perfect, and it's good." It is a moral standard of behavior between people and society in social life. If a person's thoughts and actions conform to certain moral norms, it is good and beautiful, otherwise it is ugly. Specifically, it is to be patriotic, honest, sincere and enthusiastic, not to do anything that insults the dignity and personality of the country, and to be "rich and powerful can't be lewd, power can't be bent, and poverty can't be moved." This is the traditional virtue of China people.

"Sincerity inside and harmony outside" and "beauty outside and beauty inside". Tourists are messengers of beauty, so we should pay attention to our own image design. Their speech, manners, appearance, manners and manners should meet the requirements of beauty.

In the history of the Chinese nation, it is known as "the country of etiquette" and "the kingdom of clothing", emphasizing "gentleness" and "politeness".

"Tailor-made clothes" and "short fit" have created a high level of clothing civilization. About the beauty of appearance, it involves the organic combination of physical beauty, clothing beauty and hairstyle beauty. It should be the healthy beauty of symmetrical figure and normal development, not the morbid beauty of tattoos and corsets. "Three-point appearance and seven-point dress", the beauty of people's clothing requires appropriateness, harmony, fashion, modesty and neatness.

The basic requirements of language beauty are accuracy, conciseness, cheerful tone, enthusiasm, courtesy and a little humor.

Speaking of the beauty of charm, it is a higher level of aesthetic pursuit, which not only reflects people's appearance, but also contains people's inner quality; It not only shows people's appearance, manners, appearance and manners, but also shows people's thoughts, spirits, knowledge, cultivation, character and temperament. The beauty of charm is also the beauty of human personality strength. It is a comprehensive expression of the high unity of human appearance and inner. When we say that a person is good, we don't just mean his appearance, but judge him by combining inside and outside. Generally speaking, we should be firm, solemn, elegant and natural.

The ancients said that "people only know how to decorate their appearance, but they don't know how to mend their nature", that is to say, people often pay attention to the decoration of their appearance and ignore the self-improvement of their inner cultivation. This is really a common problem of people. Without people's inner beauty, no matter how beautiful the appearance is, it can only be superficial and not beautiful at all. For tourist receptionists, it is impossible to achieve beautiful service and high-quality civilized service.

I remember the Soviet writer ostrovsky said, "The beauty of a person lies not in his appearance, clothes and hairstyle, but in himself and his heart. If a person has no inner beauty, I often hate his beautiful appearance. " French writer romain rolland pointed out: "Only the soul can make a person noble. People who pretend to be noble but have no noble heart are like a piece of mud! " "People are not cute when they are beautiful, but beautiful when they are cute!" Sincerity! Siyan.

To sum up, tourism is indeed a wonderful cause. Aesthetics and tourism have always been inextricably linked, and tourism can not be separated from the guidance of aesthetics.

The sacred mission of tourism science is to tell people how to develop tourism resources, build and use tourism landscape according to the law of beauty, provide beautiful services, increase the charm of beauty, and make guests feel happy, refreshed, enjoy rich beauty and leave a good impression in tourism aesthetic activities.