What is the best time to visit Yalong River?

The best time to visit the Yalong River: in the high mountain and canyon areas, the annual average temperature is 11.5°C to 12.8°C. In the plateau zone, the average temperature of the coldest month is below -5℃, the average temperature of the hottest month is 10℃ to 12.1℃, and the lowest temperature of the year is January, which can reach -27℃. The best time to travel is April, May, September, and October

Western Sichuan is a world of mountains, with most areas covered with high mountains and steep cliffs. The Yalong River develops on this strange land. It has a galloping and roaring character.

The Yalong River was called Ruoshui and Lushui in ancient times. Because it resembles its mother Jinsha River, it is also known as Little Jinsha River. The Yalong River originates between the Niyannak Mountain and Donglagang Mountains in the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai. The melted white ice and snow water merges into a trickle and becomes its upper source. It was officially called the Yalong River when it entered Sichuan near Shiqu County.

The total length of the main stream of the Yalong River is about 1,500 kilometers. After flowing into Sichuan below Nicando, it basically flows southward and passes through Shiqu County, which is the largest area, highest altitude and lowest temperature in the province, to where it was once the site of the Red Army’s Long March. Garze County, where the Second and Fourth Front armies met, then roared in the continuous canyon, roaring with unstoppable momentum, heading south through Xinlong County, which is famous for its gold production: full view of Jiangan Mountain in Yajiang County After the majestic scenery, we flew past Gongga Mountain, the highest peak in Sichuan at an altitude of 7,566 meters, and arrived near Baidiao, Muli County, which is rich in good trees. It circled Jinping Mountain in a sharp bend of more than 100 degrees, forming the famous The great bend of the Yalong River. At the mouth of the Dahe River, it passed through the Long March of the Red Army and entered Mianning County, where General Liu Bocheng and Guji leader Xiao Yuoda had a blood alliance, and then bravely squeezed through the canyon formed by Jinping Mountain and Yak Mountain, and plunged thousands of miles. Cross the steel city Panzhihua City and fall into the embrace of the Jinsha River. The Yalong River is 1,375 kilometers long in Sichuan.

The Yalong River Basin is located in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is 100 to 200 kilometers wide from east to west and more than 900 kilometers long from north to south. It has a long and narrow shape. The basin area is about 130,000 square kilometers, and the part in Sichuan is 116,300 square kilometers. . The terrain in the basin is surrounded by mountains and plateaus with an altitude of 4500 to 5500 meters to the north, east and west, and canyons with an altitude of 1000 to 1500 meters to the south. According to the landform characteristics, the area above Garze can be called the upper reaches, while the area from Garze to Dahe Bend is called the middle reaches and Dahe Bend. The following is obscene.

The terrain in the Yalong River Basin is extremely complex. The ground in the upper reaches is undulating round mountains and gentle slopes, and the valleys are mostly wide grassland valleys. Here, the river is relatively gentle. Stroll leisurely in the wide and shallow river valley. The river water is crystal clear and glows with colorful spots under the sunlight. Its north bank is the hilly plateau of Shiqu, Seda and Ruoergai with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. It presents a grassland landscape of clear sky, vast night, wind-swept grassland and cattle and sheep. Every year from May to October, it is a good season for grazing. Groups of cattle and sheep, reflected in the white clouds, create a peaceful and harmonious atmosphere. But entering the middle reaches, the terrain is getting deeper and deeper, the river valley is getting narrower, and the river is like an arrow flying off the string, jumping wildly. Especially below the Yajiang River, the steep rocks and deep valleys are closely alternated, and the height difference between the peak and the valley is as high as two to three thousand. Mi, there is a yellow crane that can't fly over, and an ape trying to overcome its sorrow by climbing on it. In the river, there are continuous dangerous shoals, numerous rocks, splashing waves and thunderous waves. It can be said that the turbulent waterfalls are competing for publicity, and the ice and rocks turn into thousands of valleys and thunder. After crossing the Yanyuan Jinhe River, the bank slope becomes gentler and the river surface gradually opens up.

The Yalong River Basin involves three geological structural units. The vast area in the upper and middle reaches belongs to the Ganzi Aba fold belt. It is distributed in the thick middle and upper Triassic epimetamorphic rock series. Sandstone and slate constitute the northwest, southwest and east. It is tightly folded, with a small amount of Permian limestone distributed in the fold axis and fault zone, and sporadic Yanshanian granite exposures. On June 8, 1967, in Tanggudong on the right bank of the Yalong River, a large landslide occurred between the gray-black muddy slate and medium-thick sand layer of the Xikang Group in the Triassic. The sliding height difference reached 1,000 meters, covering an area of 1.7 square kilometers, the entire slide body is about 68 million cubic meters. Because the slide bed is very steep, most of the slides dived into the Yalong River in just 5 minutes and formed a natural dam. The left bank was 355 meters high and the right bank was 175 meters high, blocking the river for 9 days. When the natural dam failed to withstand the impact of the backwater and burst, waves as high as 40 meters surged down. Fortunately, the forecast was timely and the sparse population along the river did not cause major casualties. The fault zone is a series of fault blocks separated by northeast-trending faults. Carbonate rocks, epimetamorphic rocks and basalts from the Lower Paleozoic to the Upper Paleozoic are exposed. The Anning River area in the eastern part of the lower reaches is part of the Kangdian platform anticline segment. It is mainly composed of Pre-Sinian granite gefites and metamorphic rocks. The basic structural line is north-south, and there are some Silurian mud around it. Basinian sand slate, limestone and Jurassic sandstone.

There are two strong earthquake areas in the basin, one in the upper reaches of Daofu, Luhuo, Ganzi and Xinlong. There was a major Luhuo earthquake on February 6, 1973; another one was in the Anning River Valley in the east downstream, with an intensity as high as 10. The intensity in most other areas is level 6 to 7.

The climate of the Yalong River Basin is mainly affected by the high-altitude westerly atmospheric circulation and the southwest monsoon. Due to the terrain height difference and the large changes in north and south latitudes, it is characterized by large plane changes and vertical changes, resulting in very complex climate conditions in the basin. , the northern plateau has a dry and cold continental climate, cold and dry, with few clouds and fog, strong sunshine, long winters, four distinct seasons, dry and wet seasons, most areas can have snowfall all year round, the annual average temperature is about 0℃, and extreme temperatures Below -35°C; the central and southern parts of the basin have a subtropical climate with distinct dry and wet conditions, with obvious vertical climate changes. In the same area, the mountains are humid and rainy with low temperatures, while the valleys are sunny, dry and rainy with high temperatures, and the temperatures decrease with height. It can be said that a mountain has four seasons, and the sky is different for ten miles.

The Yalong River has many tributaries. There are 290 tributaries with a drainage area greater than 100 square kilometers, of which 51 are greater than 500 square kilometers. The main tributaries with a drainage area greater than or close to 10,000 square kilometers have fresh water. River, Litang River, Woluo River, Anning River, etc. Among them, the largest tributary on the left bank is the Anning River, which originates from Bodhisattva Hill in Yak Mountain, Yangluo Snow Mountain, north of Qianmianning Tuowu. It was called Sun River in ancient times and was named Anning River in the Qing Dynasty. It has two sources: the east source is called Kebie River, and the west source is called Zhongjiang River. It was named Anning River after the confluence of Tuowu and Daqiao. The main stream of the Anning River passes through Mianning, crosses Xichang, leads to Dechang, passes Shiyi, and flows into the Yalong River near Dapingdi below Xiaodeshi in Panzhihua City, with a total length of 326 kilometers.

The Anning River basin is shaped like a strip, covering an area of ??11,200 square kilometers. Above the Mianning Bridge is the upper reaches, from Mianning to the vicinity of Dechang Huangshuitang is the middle reaches, and below the Huangshuitang is the lower reaches.

The Ning'an River Valley is known as the second largest plain in western Sichuan and is also known as the granary of southwestern Sichuan. The land here is fertile, rich in heat, sunshine and rainfall. Annual sunshine 2000-2600 hours; annual average temperature 15-20℃; annual rainfall 900-1400 mm; frost-free period 280-320 days: suitable for the growth of a variety of crops and economic trees. It is an ideal place for the development and construction of grain, sugar, flue-cured tobacco, An important commodity production base for sericulture, subtropical fruits and early vegetables. It has been listed as one of the 17 key areas for national land development and construction before 2000.

There are more than 1.2 million acres of cultivated land in the basin and 6 million acres of cultivated land to be cultivated, bringing the per capita land occupation to 23.63 acres, nearly three times the per capita land occupation in the province. If these cultivated lands to be cultivated are developed and supporting water conservancy facilities are built, it will be of great significance to Sichuan's agricultural development. According to expert calculations: If the upstream Daqiao Reservoir is completed to ensure irrigation in the area, based on the existing cultivated land, the annual production of grains and special vegetables can be increased by 1.9 million tons and 400,000 tons.

The Anning River Basin is not only fertile land, suitable for crop growth, but also rich in water resources. It is predicted that the multi-year average flow of the river mouth is 234 cubic meters per second and the natural drop is 1,250 meters, making it suitable for the development of water energy resources. After the planning is drawn up, the upstream can be developed in 6 levels, while the downstream is a 3-level low dam development plan.

The Yalong River is also the cleanest river among the major rivers in Sichuan, with the least sediment, with an average sediment load of only 0.5 kg/cubic meter over the years. It maintains its true colors of white, green, green and clear all year round.

The special geographical environment and unique climatic conditions of the Yalong River Basin have formed the Yalong River’s rich natural resources. Among them, the three major resources of hydropower, biology and minerals are the most famous.

The focus of Sichuan’s forest areas is in the Jinsha River, Yalong River and Dadu River basins. There are 69.14 million acres of afforestation land in the Sanjiang River Basin, accounting for about 68% of the province's forest area. The forest resources in the Yalong River Basin are the richest in the Sanjiang River Basin, with a forest area of ??28.935 million acres, accounting for about 42% of the forest area in the Sanjiang River Basin. The forest stock volume is 313.56 million cubic meters, accounting for more than 40%. The original forest in the Yalong River Basin has a large proportion, excellent tree species and abundant provenance. Mainly include spruce, fir, birch fir, hemlock, tabby pine, masson pine, alpine birch, white birch, etc., especially spruce and fir, with tall and straight trunks, generally more than 50 meters high, with diameters at breast height of 70 to 80 centimeters. , they have the advantages of being inherently light, strong texture, and strong wear resistance. They are not only used in buildings, bridges, ships, and vehicles, but also as special materials for aircraft, musical instruments, rubber plates, and paper manufacturing.

In the vast forests of the Yalong River Basin, there are many precious animals living, such as giant pandas, red pandas, white-lipped deer, lynx, wildebeest, red-crowned cranes, etc., as well as a large number of deer, deer, Pheasants, marmots, otters, bears, monkeys and more. There are a large number of medicinal plants in the forest, the famous ones include Cordyceps sinensis, snow lotus, fritillary, angelica, rhubarb, coptis, ginger, etc. It is a treasure house of medicinal plants in western Sichuan. There are also rich sources of valuable velvet antlers, musk, bear bile, leopard bones, etc. In addition, the Yalong River Basin is also rich in many forest products, such as walnuts, pepper, apples, pears, citrus, lacquer, chestnuts, etc.

The mineral resources in the Yalong River Basin occupy an important position in the country. There are vanadium-titanium magnetite, rich iron ore, lead, tin, nickel and other non-ferrous and ferrous metals; there are also precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and rare metals such as lithium, beryllium, niobium, barium and uranium. Coal, crystal, marble and other mineral deposits are also stored in large quantities.

The largest reserves of iron ore in the Yalong River Basin are iron ore. From Panzhihua to Xichang alone, there are 6 large vanadium-titanium magnet deposits. The scale of the mineral deposits is huge, and some ore bodies are more than 200 meters thick. Up to several hundred meters to more than a thousand meters. Moreover, most of the mining areas are located on the Chengdu-Kunming Line, with convenient transportation and large-scale open-pit mining.

Yanyuan Mine Liangzi Iron Mine is one of the three major iron-rich ore areas in our province, including Daofu, Litang, Xinlong, Mianning, Muli and other places. It is the origin of placer gold and rock gold in the province, Shiqu, Mianning and other places. , Kowloon and other places also contain rich copper, lithium, rare earth, coal and other mineral deposits. These rich mineral resources, with the deepening of reform and the advancement of science and technology, will play a major role in promoting modernization.

Among the many resources in the Yalong River Basin, the most eye-catching is its abundant water resources.

The Yalong River beach is often flooded, has abundant water, and has a large natural drop. Water resources are very abundant. The runoff of the Yalong River is composed of three parts: rainfall, groundwater and snowmelt water; rainfall is half of the sum of groundwater and snowmelt water. The precipitation in the upper reaches is generally 600-800 mm, and in the middle reaches is 1000-1800 mm. On the east side of Gongga Mountain and Xiaoxiangling Mountains, the precipitation can reach 1500-1700 mm. The downstream area is 900 to 1300 mm. Rainfall makes the runoff of the Yalong River abundant and stable, with little change between years. The flow rate during the water estimation period is relatively stable. According to an analysis of 18 years of hydrological data from the Xiaodeshi Hydrological Station, the multi-year average flow is 1,550 cubic meters/second, the maximum annual average flow is 2,330 cubic meters/second, and the minimum average flow is 1,220 cubic meters/second. The changes in runoff during the year include the dry season from November to May, which accounts for about 24% of the annual runoff, and the wet season from June to October, which accounts for about 26% of the annual runoff. The annual water volume of the Yalong River is 57 billion cubic meters, accounting for 13% of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. During the 1,375 kilometers in Sichuan, the natural drop is 3,192 meters, with an average drop of 2.32. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, through the hard work of water conservancy workers, a large amount of water resources surveying work was carried out on the Yalong River and a development plan was formulated, which provided a scientific basis for the rational development of wood resources.

According to census data, the theoretical water energy reserves in the Yalong River Basin are 33.72 million kilowatts, of which 33.44 million kilowatts are in Sichuan, accounting for 99.2% of the entire basin. Among them, the theoretical water energy reserves in the main stream are 22 million kilowatts. , the tributaries are 11.44 million kilowatts, and the possible development of water energy resources in the entire basin is 24.94 million kilowatts.

The Yalong River is a treasure house of hydropower resources and is listed as one of the top ten hydropower bases in the country. The currently completed Mofanggou Power Station has an installed capacity of 37,500 kilowatts and an annual power generation of 230 million kilowatt hours. The Ertan Hydropower Station under construction has 6 installed units with a total capacity of 3.3 million kilowatts and an annual power generation of 17 billion kilowatt hours. This is the largest hydropower station currently in my country. The dam is 240 meters high and is the tallest dam currently built in China. The Ertan Hydropower Station has convenient transportation, very favorable construction conditions, excellent kinetic energy indicators and significant economic benefits. Its completion will make an important contribution to the industrial production of our province and the development of the rich mineral resources in the Panxi area.

There are more than two million people in the basin of this big river. The area of ??cultivated land is about 2.9 million acres, 64.92 million acres of pasture land, 10 million acres of wasteland suitable for agriculture, and 90 million acres of pasture suitable for grazing.

Due to differences in geographical environment within the basin, the socio-economic development of the upper, middle reaches and lower reaches is quite different. The upper and middle reaches are sparsely populated and vast, and are one of the animal husbandry bases in Sichuan. In the downstream areas, the population is concentrated and industry and agriculture are relatively developed. In the past decade or so, steel, national defense, transportation, etc. have developed rapidly and are key areas for the construction of my country's third-tier area. The scenery along this river is colorful and there are many famous cities. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is an important part of the lower reaches of the Yalong River. At present, 291 small and medium-sized reservoirs, 7,322 diversion canals and 3,247 mountain ponds have been built across the state. There are 103 Shiheyan weirs, and the farmland irrigation area reaches 1.657 million acres. The construction of water conservancy projects has promoted the development of agriculture. The total agricultural output value has reached more than 900 million tons, and the total grain output has reached more than 990,000 tons. The average net income of farmers is nearly 300 yuan. In particular, the newly built local small hydropower stations have brought happiness and light to the people of Liangshan. By the end of 1988, there were 1,017 small hydropower stations across the state, with a total installed capacity of 107,000 kilowatts. Well has formed a local power grid of one city and five counties with Xichang as the center. The development of small hydropower has provided energy to local industries and township enterprises in Liangshan, promoted the rapid development of industry, and formed an industrial system with metallurgy, machinery, coal, chemicals, building materials, leather, papermaking, etc. as the main body. Small hydropower has also provided electricity to 81% of townships, 58.2% of villages and 55.4% of households in rural areas across the state, promoting the construction of material and spiritual civilization in mountainous areas.

Xichang, an important city in the Yalong River Basin, is the capital of Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture. This plateau town surrounded by mountains has a history of more than 2,000 years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this ancient city glowed with youth. Urban construction shows a new look, with high-rise buildings row after row, novel and unique. At night, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the moon is big and round, the moon rises above the water of Qiong Pond, the sky is bright and the sky is bright. Watching the moon by Qiong Sea, it feels like the moon in the sky, the moon in the water, and the moon are both bright.

Qionghai is the second largest freshwater lake in Sichuan, covering an area of ??31 square kilometers. The clear springs in the surrounding mountains and underwater sprays gather in the lake, making the clear and transparent lake water look different in different seasons and periods. The colors are very spectacular. When the rain has passed and the sky has cleared up, I can stand on the railing at Qionghai and look out into the distance. The water is vast, and the dancing fish are shining with silver light in the sun. In the distance, the towering Shanghai Mountains are lush and green, surrounded by clouds and mist. There are more than 10 ancient temples such as Thousand Buddha Hall, Civil and Military Officers, and Kuixing Pavilion. They are sometimes hidden and sometimes exposed. They are really beautiful.

Driving 60 kilometers north from Xichang is the Satellite Launch Center.

This world-leading launch center was chosen in Xichang because of its unique climate and good launch angle. Fourteen months of the year are the best times to launch satellites. In the tall, spacious and bright factory building of the inspection station, you can see the Long March 3 carrier rocket manufactured by my country lying quietly. This was the rocket used to launch the satellite in February 1986. The live launch can be clearly seen on the screen in the command hall, and the data display screens on the left and right can display operating data, trajectory, etc. at any time. Now, the Xichang Satellite Launch Center has been opened to the outside world and receives tourists from all over the world.

There is a saying that Mount Luoji is open and Mount Emei is closed in Luoji Mountain, which is dozens of kilometers southeast of Xichang. The main peak is more than 4,000 meters above sea level. The mountain has strange peaks like a forest, and there are many mountains and mountains. It is majestic and majestic. Spectacular; huge ravines on the deep shore, strange rocks and jagged rocks, all in various shapes and forms, full of fun. The magical five-color sea, the lush fir forest, and the rare camellia with nine stamens and eighteen petals in the world are amazing. Climbing to the top of the mountain to watch the rising red sun and the surging sea of ??clouds makes people linger and forget to leave. .

The hot spring waterfalls in Luoji Mountain are truly unique. A waterfall more than 20 meters high jumps through the two-story rock cavity, forming two natural hot spring baths. The temperature is above 35 degrees Celsius, and the surroundings of the waterfall are steaming. Under the sunlight, you can see that a rainbow of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple appears in the rising heat mist, imprinted on the monkeys playing on the edge of the rock. It seems that the monkeys are wearing a sacred halo, making them feel like they have entered a fairyland. There are also rare ancient glacier relics in the world on Luoji Mountain. It is the area with the most complete and clear preservation of the ancient glacier relics of the Quaternary Period 2.5 million years ago. The glacier landform is majestic and majestic, with sharp ridges, numerous horn peaks, and a large scale. It can be called another wonder of Luoji Mountain.

There are many natural scenic spots in the upper and middle reaches of the Yalong River. In Kowloon County, the Wu Xuhai Scenic Area, known as the Pearl of the Plateau, is eye-catching. In this scenic area, there are boundless virgin forests, exotic flowers and plants all over the mountains, and cute birds and animals. Wu Xuhai has ten major landscapes, namely Haizi, grassland, snow peak, hot spring, Buddha Peak, Chulong Cave, Old Man Peak, Twelve Sisters Peak, Guanyin Rock and stone statues.

In Garze County, there is the beautiful Naitou Mountain, the second sacred mountain of the Tibetan people, as well as the Garze Temple, Dajin Temple, Bairi Temple and other temples built during the Kangxi period, as well as the well-known Chinese and foreign temples known as The Dege Sutra Printing House is a cultural treasure house of the Tibetan people. This sutra printing house has a unique structure, with numerous pillars and painted walls. It was built in the seventh year of Yongzheng reign in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 250 years. Many monks and scholars from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka have come here to study sutras. The Sutra Printing Institute has the most abundant book editions, with more than 300,000 sutra editions. There are two world-famous Buddhist silk books, the Tripitaka "Kangyur" and "Tengyur", as well as various works on philosophy, astronomy, medicine, art, music, etc., which are extremely important materials for studying Tibetan history and culture.