Ask about the historical evolution of Binchuan County in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Binchuan County is located in the dry-hot valley area on the south bank of Jinsha River in western Yunnan Province. It is located at 25 23 ′ ~ 26 N12 ′ and E10016 ′ ~100 59 ′. It is connected to Dayao County in Wei Chu in the east, Xiangyun County in the south, Dali City and Eryuan County in the west, and Heqing County and Yongsheng County in Lijiang in the north. The largest straight line distance of the county is 72.8 kilometers from north to south and 68.7 kilometers from east to west. The county seat is 68km away from the state capital Dali (Xiaguan) and 394km away from the provincial capital Kunming. [Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution The name "Binchuan" evolved from Binju Binjuchuan Binchuan. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Yuyedi, Yizhou County in the Western Han Dynasty, Yongchang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yunnan County in Shu, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuezhou in Sui Dynasty, Yaozhou in Tang Gaozong, and Binchuan County in the seventh year of Ming Hongzhi. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the state was changed to Tengyue Road (now Tengchong County), and the abandoned road became a province in the second year of the Republic of China. 1949 65438+On February 23rd, Binchuan was peacefully liberated. 1 950 65438+1October1,Binchuan county party committee and county people's government were established, and they were subordinate to Dali administrative office, county seat, county party committee and county government 1956 moved to Pomegranate Village, 1958, August 6542. June 5438+February 2005, Guti Township was revoked and merged into Pingchuan Town. Binchuan County is a production base county of commodity grain, high-quality tobacco leaves, geranium oil and citrus in Yunnan Province. Rice "Guichao No.2" won the highest yield in China. Citrus is famous in Yunnan and has won the reputation of "hometown of citrus fruits". The three overseas Chinese farms in China are the potential for introducing foreign capital, technology and talents. Jizu Mountain, a Buddhist holy land, is famous in Southeast Asia and a famous tourist attraction. Binchuan has a long history. The name "Binchuan" evolved from Binju-Binjuchuan-Binchuan. The name of "Binju" was first seen in Shuman written by Tang Fanchu. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), Binchuan Prefecture was established in Chetaihe County, Yunnan County and Zhaozhou, which governed the city. Clear the reason. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the state was changed to a county. 1949 65438+On February 23rd, Binchuan was peacefully liberated. 1950 65438+ 10/month 1, Binchuan County Party Committee and County People's Government were established. 1958, the county party committee and county people's government moved to Niujing Street. In a.d. 165438+ 10, Binchuan, Xiangyun and Midu were merged into Xiangyun county. 196 1 March Withdraw the county and restore the organizational system of Binchuan County. In 2002, the county administered three state-owned overseas Chinese farms, namely Jinniu, Qiaodian, Binju, Zhoucheng, Li Jiao, Daying, Li Andong, Pingchuan, Guti, Zhongying, Laowu1/township, Binju, Taihe and Cai Feng. The whole countryside has jurisdiction over 84 villagers' committees, 646 villagers' groups and 844 natural villages. The farm consists of 7 economic zones and 3 production service stations. By the end of 2000, there were 83,382 households with 3,24412 people in the county. The population density is 1 17 people per square kilometer. [Editor's note] Binchuan is a multi-ethnic county dominated by the Han nationality. There are 24 ethnic groups living in Binchuan, including Han, Bai, Yi, Lisu, Hui, Miao, Lahu, returned overseas Chinese and Tibetans, Zhuang, Dai, Naxi and Yao who have settled in Binchuan for work and marriage. There are 7 1.302 ethnic minorities, accounting for 2 1.58% of the total population. There are two ethnic townships: Laowu Yi Township and Zhongying Lisu Yi Township. Ethnic minorities in this county are mainly distributed in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas. Ethnic minorities/kloc-more than 0/00: 42,897 Bai people, accounting for13% of the total population; Yi people 19973, accounting for 6% of the total population; Dai nationality is 27 1 person, accounting for 0.01%of the total population; There are 453 Miao people, accounting for 0.01%of the total population; There are 5897 Lisu people, accounting for1.8% of the total population; Lahu nationality is 25 1 person, accounting for 0.01%of the total population; Yao 104 people, accounting for 0.0 1% of the total population. [Edit this paragraph] Binchuan, a natural resource, is located at the edge of Hengduan Mountain in Yunling, southwest of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau on the south bank of Jinsha River. Chenghai fault zone runs through Binchuan dam area from north to south. The main mountains, dams and rivers in the territory are mostly north-south, with high terrain in the east and west and low in the middle. The highest is Muxiangping Peak in the northwest, with an altitude of 3,320 meters; The lowest point is at the intersection of Yupao River and Jinsha River, with an altitude of1104m; Jinniu Town, the central county seat, is at an altitude of1430m. The east and west mountains are criss-crossed, and the intermountain fault basins constitute the China 10 dam. There are four major water systems in the territory: Naxi River, Pingchuan River, Qingshui River and Duobei Qinghe River. Naxi River is the largest river, which flows through the dam area in the middle of Binchuan, and its tributary water volume is the largest among the East Rivers in Ang Lee. Binchuan belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone of low latitude plateau, with dry winter and wet summer. Main features: sufficient light and heat, abundant heat, drought and little rain, and obvious three-dimensional climate. Annual average temperature 17.9℃, annual frost period 100- 120 days, annual average sunshine hours 27 19.4 hours, annual average total solar radiation124.895-155. The annual average wind speed is1.8m/s, and the wind direction is mostly southwest wind. After the rain, the north wind often appears, and the climate is extremely suitable for crop growth. Binchuan is rich in natural resources. There are many kinds of soil and rich species. According to 1979, the third general survey of forest resources shows that there are 66,590.508 hectares of forest land in the county, with a coverage rate of 25.99%, and the standing stock is 4,647,438+10,000 cubic meters. There are 123 species of trees. The main tree species are Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, Taxodium yunnanense, Abies Cangshan, Castanopsis fargesii, Quercus alpina and Toona sinensis, and the economic tree species are citrus, walnut, chestnut, peach, pear, tung tree, coffee and eucalyptus globulus. There are 394 species of medicinal plants in China. There are more than 50 kinds of wild animals here, among which rare animals are leopard, golden monkey and Buddha-chanting bird. There are lead, zinc, copper, iron, gold, silver, salt, coal, limestone, silica bath soil, marble, pyrite and other minerals 10, and there are 33 ore (bed) points. The runoff of rivers in China is 434 million cubic meters. Due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and runoff in time and region, there is a shortage of water resources in the eastern mountainous areas and steep slopes, and a large amount of water flows into Jinsha River in flood season, and the utilization rate in non-flood season is less than half, so it is necessary to introduce water resources from other places. In recent years, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, Binchuan County's financial work has deepened reform, accelerated development, adhered to the fiscal policy of "first, eating, and second, building", paid close attention to increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, optimized expenditure structure, steadily promoted various fiscal and taxation reforms, strengthened financial management and supervision, and strived to overcome problems such as prominent contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure and difficult fund scheduling, thus ensuring the balance of revenue and expenditure in each year. In 2005, the county's GDP was 2,273.6 million yuan, an increase of 19.79% compared with 2003, of which the primary industry1172.38 million yuan, an increase of 10.04%, and the secondary industry was 435.36 million yuan, an increase of 383,000 yuan. The tertiary industry was 665.86 million yuan, an increase of 28.5%. The structure of primary, secondary and tertiary industries has changed from 56: 17:27 in 2003 to 52: 19: 29. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 452.82 million yuan, an increase of 765.438 0.76% over 2003; Total fiscal revenue/kloc-0.0796 million yuan, an increase of 3.70% over 2003; The total retail sales of social consumer goods was 454.75 million yuan, an increase of 24.32% over 2003; The per capita net income of farmers was 2338 yuan, an increase of 15.00% over 2003. [Edit this paragraph] Binchuan, a tourist resort, has a famous tourist attraction-Jizu Mountain, a Buddhist holy place. As early as the Song Dynasty, monks went up the mountain to practice their hair. By the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it had developed to the scale of 1 1 hall and 20 halls. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, there were "eight temples, three ancient temples and four small temples, sixty five castrated courtyards and more than 170 quiet rooms". There are thousands of monasteries in the mountains, filled with cigarettes and melodious Sanskrit sounds. Later, Buddhism gradually declined, and with the serious damage of the "Cultural Revolution", most of the buildings on the mountain collapsed. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, some monasteries were restored, tourist facilities were improved, and famous mountains and scenic spots took on a new look. There are four views of the sun, sea, clouds and snow, which are praised by the famous traveler Xu Xiake as "the first in the sea", and eight views of the phoenix feet that make people linger. In addition, there are many mountains, the peaks are tall and straight, the dangerous wall is Wan Ren, hundreds of streams contend, the temple trees are hidden, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, and the beauty of one mountain is everywhere. The monk made a big mistake, took responsibility and lived in this mountain for a long time. Celebrities such as Xu Xiake, Yang Shen, Li Zhi and Xu Beihong went to the mountains to explore secluded places, leaving behind a large number of poems, paintings and calligraphy. Because the natural vegetation on the mountain is well preserved, there are many wild animals. 198 1 was listed as a key nature reserve by the provincial people's government, and 1982 was listed as a key scenic spot in the State Council. 1983, Zhu Sheng Temple and Tongdian Temple were listed as open Buddhist temples in China. Since the Ming Dynasty, there has been an endless stream of tourists going up the mountain. In recent years, the number of domestic and foreign tourists has gradually increased, reaching more than 654.38+10,000 person-times every year. In addition, there are some scenic spots in Dali, such as Guanyin Pavilion in Daying, Nanxun Bridge, the Long March Memorial of the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Red Army, and the beautiful and elegant Pingchuan Cannongji. Jizushan Scenic Area Jizushan is located in the northwest corner of Binchuan County, which is100km away from Dali City and 400km away from Kunming. It is a famous Buddhist mountain in China, and enjoys the same fame as Emei, Wutai, Jiuhua and Putuo. Jizu Mountain is adjacent to Dali and Eryuan in the west and Heqing in the north. It is 7 kilometers long from east to west and 6 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2,822 hectares. Named after the first three peaks and the last ridge, it looks like chicken feet. Jizu Mountain faces Cangshan Erhai Lake in front and Jinsha River in the back. There are 40 strange mountains, 13 dangerous peaks, 34 cliffs, 45 hidden caves and 100 spring pools in the whole mountain. Ling Gang Valley and Canyon constitute the majestic, beautiful and secluded natural landscape of Jizu Mountain. Xu Xiake, a geographer in Ming Dynasty, climbed the mountain twice and praised Jizu Mountain as a "wonder of ancient and modern times". Tianzhu peak, the main peak of Jizu Mountain, is 3240 meters above sea level. When you climb to the top of the mountain, you can watch the sunrise in the east, Xiangyun in the south, Xanthium sibiricum in the west and Yulong Snow Mountain in the north. Xu Xiake lamented that he concentrated the "four views" of the sun, ocean, clouds and snow for a mountain peak. He thinks that one of these four scenes can be regarded as wonderful, and Tianzhu Peak is well prepared, so it can't be just the top of Jizu Mountain. In addition to the four scenic spots, there are eight scenic spots, such as Tianzhu Buddha's Light, Huashou Sunny Thunder, Erhai Huilan, Cangshan Snow, Wanhe Songtao, Waterfalls Crossing Clouds, Sunset Over Rocks, and Autumn Moon in Tayuan, which have been sung by poets and writers in past dynasties. Jizu Mountain is not only picturesque, but also one of the famous Buddhist shrines in China. According to legend, Ye Jia, one of the top ten disciples of Sakyamuni, once came here to set up a "Dojo" to preach the Dharma, holding a golden robe of Buddha's teeth and relics, and settled in the first gate of Jizu Mountain. Buddhist architecture on Jizu Mountain began in the Tang Dynasty, then reached the Song and Yuan Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was still being rebuilt in the Republic of China. There were 42 large and small temples, 65 temples, more than 70 quiet rooms/kloc-0, and more than 5000 monks in Jizushan during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. The most famous and well-preserved temple in Jizushan is Zhu Sheng Temple, which was built by Xu Yun, a monk in the Qing Dynasty, with the support of Cixi. Emperor Guangxu named it "Zhu Sheng National Protection Hall". The highest temple in Jizu Mountain is Jinding Temple, which is located at the top of Tianzhu Peak, the main peak of Jizu Mountain. The Lengyan Pagoda in the temple was built by Long Yun, President of Yunnan Province, at the request of monks during his mountaineering trip in A.D.-0/929. Long Yun wrote an inscription for the Lengyan Tower: "The law is solemn". At present, the largest restored temple in Jizu Mountain is Ye Jia Temple, which was initiated by Guan Lin, president of Sichuan Wen Shu College, and rebuilt by Master Hongdao. Built in 1994, the temple is quadrupled. Ye Jia Hall is dedicated to a statue of Ye Jia carved in sandalwood, which is 3.3 meters high and weighs 1.6 tons. Jizu Mountain is cut by three major faults, and the central area is a mountain depression formed by faults. Stan runs through it, and the large-scale temple buildings along the river, such as Zunsheng Pagoda, Stan Temple, Zhu Sheng Temple, Silent Temple, Shizhong Temple, Xueyuan Temple, etc., as well as countless temples, pavilions, pavilions and palaces, run through the beads like a Buddhist line from bottom to top, all the way to Deng Hui Temple at the foot of Tianzhu Peak, which can be used for sightseeing. Most of the temples in the mountains are built by mountains and rocks, and the layout is patchy and patchy, hidden among pines and cypresses, and the architectural layout method based on culvert and dew has formed a unique landscape. To visit Jizu Mountain, the traffic conditions are very convenient. There is a tourist road from Binchuan County to Zhu Sheng Temple. After arriving at Zhu Sheng Temple, tourists can ride about 4 kilometers to Jizushan cableway. After running 18 1 1 meter on the cableway 15 minutes, you can reach Jinding Temple in Tianzhu Peak. The climate of Jizu Mountain is three-dimensional and the vertical distribution of vegetation is obvious, with an altitude of 1780m ~ 3240m, which can be divided into dry-hot valley climate, warm and humid mountain climate and cool and humid subalpine climate. When the foothills are hot and cool in summer, there is a winter phenomenon at the top of the mountain. Vegetation distribution, elevation 1800 m ~ 2300 m, is an evergreen coniferous forest in subtropical mountainous area, dominated by twisted Yunnan pine with special posture, forming "Wanhe Songtao", one of the eight scenic spots in Jizu Mountain; Above 2300 meters above sea level, it is an evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in subtropical mountainous areas, including Castanopsis kawakamii, Quercus, Phoebe bournei, Catalpa bungeana and Populus. Above 2400 meters above sea level, it is a bamboo forest in subtropical hilly areas and is the origin of the famous specialty "xiang zhu Pearl"; Castanopsis kawakamii forest in Yuanjiang above 2700 meters above sea level is a unique vegetation type in the central Yunnan Plateau. Then there is the fir Cangshan, a subtropical and subalpine green broad-leaved forest, which Xu Xiake called "flat-topped pine" and "elastic-fingered pine". The ridge leading to Jinding Temple is dominated by Huperzia, including Huperzia, Yunnan, dewdrop, yellow flowers and trees with fuzzy leaves. When the spring breeze is warm, the azaleas are like clouds and stretch for miles, which is a scene of Jizu Mountain and is called "Azaleas Gallery". When people praise the scenery of Jizu Mountain, they sum it up in eight sentences: a bird (Ye Jia bird, also known as Maitreya bird or Buddha-chanting bird, is a beautiful bird with a pleasant voice); Two kinds of tea (Yunnan camellia, one is lion tea, the other is Cao Tong slice, born in Huayan Temple, both ancient camellia in Qing Dynasty); Three dragons (Dragon Brown, Dragon Bamboo, Rhododendron longclaw); Four scenic spots (sunrise in the east, auspicious clouds in the south, Canger in the west and Yulong in the north); Five Chinese fir (Chinese fir, cedar, cedar, yew, Chinese fir); Six treasures (fragrant bamboo shoots, cold bacteria, chestnut, rock ginseng, pepper, pine nuts); Seven beasts (ape, red deer, rock sheep, roe deer, leopard, bear, wild boar); Eight scenic spots (Tianzhu Foguang, Huashou Qinglei, Erhai Huilan, Cliff Sunset, Yulong Waterfall, Tayuan Qiuyue, Wanhe Songtao, Cangshan Snow) Jizu Mountain/kloc-0 was listed as a nature reserve and key cultural relics protection area in Yunnan Province in 1980, and/kloc-0 was listed as one of the 44 scenic spots in Dali by the State Council in 1982, and was awarded the national title in 2004.