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Diaoyu City

Laitan Ancient Town

Diaoyu Mountain

Diaoyu City was originally Diaoyu Mountain. It is located in the northeast of Hechuan District, 50 meters away. About 5 kilometers from the county seat, there is a flat boulder on the mountain, located above the Huguo Gate. This is Diaoyutai

It is Diaoyutai. Diaoyutai is a famous ancient relic in Bashu. It is said that in ancient times, the three rivers flooded and people rushed to the mountains to seek refuge. Just when they were suffering from hunger and on the verge of death, a giant god suddenly descended from the sky and fished with a pole on the top of the mountain. He gave fresh fish to the victims and the people depended on them for their livelihood. Since then, the stone platform where the giant god left his footprints has been called the Diaoyutai, and the huge stone with five holes in front of the platform has been called the pole-inserting stone. Diaoyu Mountain is surrounded on three sides by Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River. It is steep and majestic, leaning against the sky and the earth. Diaoyu Mountain became Diaoyu City in the 13th century. The construction of a city on the mountain was the need of war. This was not a close-quarters battle, nor a war of one or two years, but an offensive and defensive battle that lasted for 36 years. It was not just a life-and-death battle between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongolian army, but a war of great significance that changed the history of China and the world - the Battle of Diaoyu City.

Ancient Military Camp

The current parking lot of Diaoyu City is the original Jiaochang. To the southeast of the Jiaochang is the Ancient Military Camp Villa. There are several ancient military camps in the Villa. The ancient military camp was the original garrison of the Diaoyu City garrison. It was in a moderate location with roads extending in all directions. As soon as there was a military situation, troops could quickly attack from east to west, north or south. The ancient military camp of the Southern Song Dynasty

In the second year of Xiangxing (1279) ) After Wang Li opened the city and surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, the majestic battle field and numerous barracks were burned down by the Yuan army. After more than seven centuries of desolation, only the faintest remains can be found. From 1987 to 1989, the state allocated special funds to level the arena and repair some barracks on the site. In front of the ancient military camp villa, there is a wide horse racing road, which is the lifeline of military transportation throughout the city built by the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City. In case of military situation, the defenders can quickly reach the battle site through the horse racing road. The total length of the Diaoyu City horse race track ruins is 8.5 kilometers, and the road surface is 3.5 meters wide, which can be used for "three horses and five people running abreast." Along the horse racing road, we came to the Jialing River. On the steep bank is a solid city wall. It is said that the ancient city wall built against the cliff in Diaoyu City is 17 miles long. There are observation holes and fort mouths on the wall. It is condescending and easy to defend but difficult to attack. There is a remains of a gun mount on the city wall. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, powerful tubular firearms were widely used in warfare. Thinking back to those days, when the Mongolian army came to cover the river, the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City placed huge cannons on the city wall to attack the Mongolian army attacking the city from a distance. It might have been a battle scene in which "guns and oars were wiped out in ashes"... Protecting the Country

Huguomen

Huguomen is the most magnificent dangerous pass among the eight gates of Diaoyu City. It is located on the second line of defense in the south of the city, leaning against a cliff on the left and facing the abyss of Jialing River on the right. Submit letters to "Protect the Country" and "The Key to the Whole of Shu". It is said that a plank road was used to enter and exit the city by "crossing the river and demolishing the bridge" (the plank road was repaired when you went out and demolished when you returned). It was an important channel to guard the traffic inside and outside the city. The Song and Mongolia sides experienced hundreds of fierce battles here. , but this gate has never been breached. It is indeed a dangerous place where "one man can guard the gate and ten thousand men cannot open it"! Standing on the Huguo Gate, overlooking the river, you can see the remains of the "one-word city wall" in the Jialing River more than 700 years ago. There are many inscriptions on the cliffs inside and outside the Huguo Gate, including "Ten Years' Lessons" inscribed by Chiang Kai-shek and "Ten Years' Lessons" inscribed by He Yingqin. Ladder to Heaven

Ladder to Heaven

"Ladder to Heaven" is a plank road dug on the rock wall by the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Below the ladder is the execution ground set up during the defense of the city during the Anti-Japanese War. According to "Diaoyu City Chronicles", in the spring of 1259, Wang Jian, the lord of Diaoyu City, beheaded the Jin national treasure sent by Meng Ge Khan to surrender here. Climb up the ladder to a wide platform. These pot-shaped pits are called nine-mouth pots. They were the grinding plates used by the defenders of Diaoyu City to grind nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal to prepare gunpowder. This was the earliest arsenal in China. ruins. At that time, powerful destructive weapons such as iron mines and artillery manufactured here effectively enhanced the overall defense capabilities of Diaoyu City. It is said that Mengge Khan (Yuan Xianzong) was injured and died by the artillery made here.

Huguo Temple

To the northeast of the Jiukouguo site are the Huguo Temple and Zhongyi Temple. Huguo Temple was built in the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty and was destroyed by war in the second year of Dade of the Yuan Dynasty (1298). It was rebuilt in the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), and in the thirteenth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1833), the abbot of the temple, the wise monk, carried out further training. There is a stone-engraved couplet on the gate: The name of the city is fishing, and the three rivers send water to open the river. Huguo Temple

Quen; the name of the temple is to protect the country, and the solitary peaks and flying clouds control the Shujiang River. It tells the important task of Diaoyu City to protect the country. The current Huguo Temple has been converted into the Diaoyu City Museum. The museum takes the 36-year history of the Anti-Japanese War in Diaoyu City as the main line. In the form of pictures and texts, it covers eight topics, including "historical events, fishing alone in the Central Plains, fierce battles in Yucheng, God breaking the whip, loyalty and loyalty for thousands of years, weapons of the Song Dynasty, life scenes of residents of the Song Dynasty and calligraphy and paintings of celebrities". Various aspects were displayed, including a war sand table with oil paintings as the background, sculptures of 12 historical figures of Song and Mongolia attackers and defenders, and war scenes in which Wang Dechen shouted for surrender and was hit by a thunder stone, and Meng Ge was hit by a cannon.

Zhongyi Temple

Zhongyi Temple in Diaoyu City, Hechuan was built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and is an important ancient building complex in Diaoyu City.

The temple covers an area of ??more than 4,000 square meters and a construction area of ??more than 2,000 square meters. Zhongyi Temple

In the main hall of Zhongyi Temple, under the plaque of "loyalty and righteousness for thousands of years", the longevity tablets of Yu Jie, Ran Jing, Ran Pu, Wang Jian and Zhang Jue, the guards of Diaoyu City, are displayed, mottled with red candles. There was a hint of sadness. In the left room of the main hall of Zhongyi Temple, the longevity tablets of Wang Li, Li Dehui and Mrs. Xiong Er are enshrined. Although Wang Li could not be enshrined in the main hall because the surrender of Kaicheng could not be considered "loyal", his contribution to the survival of the city with Li Dehui and Mrs. Xiong Er should not be forgotten. As the saying goes, "loyalty is reflected in the clouds."

Hanging Reclining Buddha

To the southwest of Huguo Temple, there is the only hanging Reclining Buddha in the country. The Suspended Reclining Buddha, carved in the late Tang Dynasty, was carved from a suspended cliff. It is exquisitely carved and has a grand shape. The reclining Buddha is 11 meters long and has a shoulder width of 2.2 meters. He wears a double collar and drooping cassock. Although it is not as grand as the world-famous Reclining Buddha in Dazu Rock Carvings, its suspended carvings are one of the best in the country. This hanging reclining Buddha is still well preserved despite being baptized by 36 years of war and smoke. At the foot of the hanging Buddha, there is a well. The water from the well seeps out from the cracks in the cliff. It is said that there are many such wells on the mountain. The water from these wells was the source of life for the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty who stood on the mountain to resist the Yuan Dynasty.

Three Saints Rock

Next to the hanging Buddha, on the dangerous pass of Xiongguan, there are Thousand Buddha Cliff and Three Saints Rock. There are many inscriptions by famous people on the cliffs. The statue of "Three Holy Rocks" was carved in the 23rd year of Daoguang reign (1843) by the abbot of Huguo and Baita temples, monk Zhizhi, and his disciples. In the center is Amitabha Buddha, with two attendants, Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta, sitting on the left and right. From 1243 to 1279 AD, the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City, led by the guards Wang Jian, Zhang Jue, and Wang Li, "went out to farm the fields in the spring to cultivate the land; in the autumn they transported grain and salary to fight and defend." Relying on the small area and unique terrain of Diaoyu City, which is only 2.5 square kilometers, it fought bloody battles with the Mongolian cavalry. After more than 200 large and small battles, it created a rare miracle in the history of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign wars of "persistent resistance to war for 36 years" and achieved great success. Brilliant achievements, impressive monuments erected. [1][2] The Battle of Diaoyu City between Song and Mongolia

Edit the historical significance of this paragraph

The Song-Mongolian (Yuan) War, the most important defensive battle in ancient China, started in 1235 AD It broke out completely in 1279 and lasted for nearly half a century until the fall of the Song Dynasty in the Battle of Yashan in 1279. It was the longest, most energy-consuming, and most difficult war that the Mongolian invading army had ever encountered. The Battle of Diaoyu City in Hezhou, Sichuan in 1259 was one of the most influential battles. After the Song and Mongolia jointly destroyed the Jin Dynasty in 1234, the Southern Song Dynasty sent troops to regain the lost land in Henan, but was ambushed by the Mongolian army and failed. In 1235, the Mongolian invading army launched an attack on the Southern Song Dynasty simultaneously on a front line spanning thousands of miles from Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west to the lower reaches of the Huaihe River in the east. The Song-Mongolia War broke out in an all-round way. By 1241, the Mongolian army ravaged a large area of ??land in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Sichuan was the most damaged by the Mongolian army among the three major battlefields (the other two were the Jinghu Battlefield - today's Hubei and Henan areas, and the Lianghuai Battlefield - today's Huaihe River Basin area) A serious area. In this year, Mongolian Ogedai Khan died, and internal political disputes continued, and the offensive against the Southern Song Dynasty weakened. The Southern Song Dynasty made full use of this opportunity to adjust and enrich the defenses on various battlefields. In 1242, Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty sent Yu Jie, who had achieved great success in the Huaihe-Huaihe War against Mongolia, to take charge of Shu to reverse Sichuan's decline and consolidate the upper class. Yu Jie took a series of political, economic and military measures in Sichuan, the most important of which was the creation of a mountain city defense system. That is to say, along the main rivers and transportation thoroughfares in Sichuan, choose steep mountain passes to build fortifications and fortifications. They are dotted and support each other, forming a complete strategic defense system. Diaoyu City is the core and strongest fortress of this mountain city defense system. Diaoyu City is located on Diaoyu Mountain, 5 kilometers east of present-day Hechuan City, Chongqing City. The mountain stands abruptly, with a relative height of about 300 meters. At the foot of the mountain, the Jialing River, Qujiang River and Fujiang River converge. It is surrounded by water on three sides to the south, north and west. The terrain is very dangerous. There are dangerous mountains and rivers here, but also convenient transportation. All parts of Sichuan can be reached via waterways and land roads. When Peng Daya served as deputy envoy of Sichuan Province (1239-1240), he ordered Gan Runchu to build Diaoyu City. In 1243, Yu Jie adopted the advice of brothers Ran Jing and Ran Pu, sages from Bozhou (now Zunyi), and sent the Ran brothers to rebuild Diaoyu City and move the prefecture and Xingyuan capital to it. The fishing city is divided into an inner city and an outer city. The outer city is built on a cliff, and the city wall is made of stone. There are large fields and abundant water sources in the city all year round, and there are also many arable fields in the surrounding foothills. All these gave Diaoyu City the necessary geographical conditions for long-term defense and the characteristics of relying on natural dangers and being easy to defend but difficult to attack. In 1254, Hezhou defender Wang Jian further improved the city construction. Many people from the border areas of Sichuan came here to avoid military chaos, and Diaoyu City became a strong fortress where soldiers were well fed. In 1251, Meng Ge ascended to the throne of the Great Khan, stabilized the political situation of Mongolia, and actively planned an invasion war against the Song Dynasty. Meng Ge was the eldest son of Genghis Khan's youngest son Tuo Lei. He once led troops with Batu and others to invade many countries in Europe and Asia, and was known for his bravery and skill in warfare. In 1252, Mengge Khan ordered his younger brother Kublai Khan to lead his troops to pacify Dali, forming an encirclement and pincer attack on the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1257, Mengge Khan decided to launch a large-scale war of aggression against the Song Dynasty.

Meng Ge ordered Kublai Khan to lead his army to attack Ezhou (today's Wuchang), Tacha'er, Li Fen and others to attack the Huaihe River and divide the Song forces. He also ordered Wu Lianghetai to send troops from Yunnan and go northward via Guangxi; Meng Ge led the Mongolian army himself. The main force of the army attacked Sichuan. Meng Ge took Sichuan as the main strategic direction of attack. He intended to take advantage of the characteristics of the Mongolian cavalry, which was good at land battles but poor at water battles. He used the main force to seize Sichuan, then went eastward along the river, met with other forces, and went straight to Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Song Dynasty. In the autumn of 1258, Meng Ge led an army of 40,000 into Shu in three groups. Adding the Mongolian troops in Shu and troops recruited from various places, the total number of Mongolian troops greatly exceeded 40,000. The Mongolian army successively occupied Jianmen Kuzhu Pass, Changning Mountain City, Pengzhou Yunshan City, Langzhou Dahuo City, Guang'an Daliang City, etc., approaching Hezhou. Meng Ge Khan sent the Song Dynasty surrender Jin Guobao to Diaoyu City to recruit surrender, but was killed by the Song Dynasty Hezhou Guard General Wang Jian. On February 2, the first year of Kaiqing's reign in the Song Dynasty (1259), Meng Ge led his troops across the canal from Jizhatan and camped at Shizi Mountain. On the third day, Meng Ge personally supervised the troops fighting at the foot of Diaoyu City. On the seventh day, the Mongolian army attacked the Yizi city wall. The one-word city wall is also called the horizontal city wall. Its function is to hinder the movement of enemy troops outside the city. At the same time, the defenders in the city can move through the outer city wall to the one-word city wall to resist the enemy, forming an angled cross attack point with the outer city wall. There is a one-character city wall built in the south and north of Diaoyu City. On the 9th, the Mongolian army stormed the west gate of the town but failed. On this day, the Mongolian host army Shi Tianze and his troops also arrived at Diaoyu City to join the battle. In March, the Mongolian army attacked Dongxinmen, Qishengmen and Zhenximen Fort, but failed. From April 3, severe thunderstorms lasted for twenty days. After the rain stopped, the Mongolian army focused on attacking the Huguo Gate on the 22nd of the Western Month. On the night of the 24th, the Mongolian army boarded the outer city and launched a fierce battle with the Song army defending the city. "History of the Yuan Dynasty Xianzong Ji" stated that "many Song soldiers were killed", but the Mongolian army's offensive was eventually repelled by the Song army. In May, the Mongolian army repeatedly attacked Diaoyu City but failed. Since Meng Ge Khan led his army into Shu, most of the mountain castles he passed along the way were easy to win due to the surrender of the Southern Song Dynasty defenders, and they have not yet encountered a real tough battle. Therefore, after arriving at Diaoyu Mountain, Meng Ge wanted to take advantage of Lacha's momentum to capture the city. Although he had been stationed under the strong city for a long time, he was unwilling to abandon it. Although the Mongolian army's siege equipment was very sophisticated, the steep terrain of Diaoyu City made it ineffective. Under the joint command of General Wang Jian and Deputy General Zhang Jue, the defenders of Diaoyu City repelled the Mongolian attacks one after another. Dong Wenwei of Qianhu followed the orders of Meng Ge Khan and led his Dengzhou Han troops to attack the city. Dong Wenwei encouraged the soldiers to climb up the mountain with ladders, flying rocks, and rugged terrain. They reached the city and fought hard with the Song army. However, due to heavy casualties, Dong Wenwei was captured. Forced to retreat. His nephew Dong Shiyuan asked his acting uncle Dong Wenwei to attack the city and led his elite troops to the city. They fought hard with the Song army for a long time. In the end, they were forced to withdraw due to the lack of support. Diaoyu City could not be captured for a long time. Meng Ge Khan ordered the generals to "discuss an aggressive plan." Shu Suhuli believed that it would be unfavorable to attack a fortified city with troops, so it was better to leave a small number of troops to trouble it, and send the main force eastward along the Yangtze River by land and water, join forces with Kublai Khan and other troops, and capture the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. However, the arrogant and arrogant generals advocated storming the fortified city by force, but they were deceived by the words of speed and suddenness. Mengge Khan did not adopt Shusuhuli's suggestion and decided to continue the attack on the city. However, facing the fortified city of Diaoyu, the Mongolian cavalry, which is known for its flexibility, ferocity and fierceness, was unable to do what it could. In June, the Mongolian general Wang Dechen (formerly a member of Jinchen) led his troops to attack Ma Junzhai in the outer city at night, but Wang Jian led his troops to resist the battle. At dawn, it started to rain, and the Mongolian army's siege ladder was broken again, forcing them to retreat. The Mongolian army was unable to siege the city for five months, so Wang Dechen rode alone to the foot of Diaoyu City in an attempt to recruit the defenders to surrender. He was almost hit by flying rocks shot from the city. Wang Dechen fell ill as a result and soon died in the Jinyun Mountain Temple. When Meng Ge heard the news of his death, he sighed sadly, as if he had lost both his left and right hands. The death of Wang Dechen dealt a great blow to Brother Meng's spirit. Diaoyu City could not be captured for a long time, which made Brother Meng extremely angry. After the Mongolian army launched a large-scale attack on Shu, the Southern Song Dynasty launched a large-scale rescue operation in Sichuan. However, the Song army that reinforced Diaoyu City was blocked by the Mongolian army and could not reach the Diaoyu City. Despite this, Diaoyu City, which had been besieged for several months, still had abundant supplies and the defenders had high morale. One day, the defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty threw two fresh fish weighing 15 kilograms and more than a hundred steamed flour cakes to the Mongolian army outside the city, and sent a letter to the Mongolian army, saying that even if they defended for another 10 years, the Mongolian army would not be able to capture Diaoyu City. . In contrast, the situation of the Mongolian troops outside the city was very bad. The Mongolian army had been stationed under the fortified city for a long time, and it was the hot summer season. The Mongolians were originally afraid of heat and humidity, and were not accustomed to the acclimatization, which led to the epidemic of heatstroke, malaria, cholera and other diseases among the army, which was quite serious. According to the "History of the Yuan Dynasty", Meng Ge also fell ill in June, and Rashid's "Historical Collection" more clearly stated that he had dysentery. Other books such as "Marco Polo's Travels" and "Hezhou Chronicles" written by Wanli of the Ming Dynasty stated that Mengge Khan was injured. In any case, Mongke Khan could no longer insist on siege. In July, the Mongolian army retreated from Diaoyu City and marched to Wentang Gorge in Jinjian Mountain (today's North Hot Spring in Chongqing), where Meng Ge Khan died. According to the biography of "History of the Yuan Dynasty" and the biographies and deeds in the collection of Yuan humanities, many generals who accompanied Meng Ge on the expedition died in the battle at Diaoyu City. From this, we can imagine the brutality of the battle at Diaoyu City and the serious losses of the Mongolian army. The impact of Meng Ge's defeat under Diaoyu City was huge. First of all, it led to the complete collapse of Mongolia's aggressive war, allowing Song Zuo to continue for 20 years. The Mongolian invaders who attacked Sichuan were forced to withdraw and escorted Meng Ge's coffin back north. Kublai Khan, who led the Eastern Route Army to break through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and surrounded Ezhou, had to withdraw his troops and return north in order to compete with his brother Ali Buge for the throne. Wuliang Hetai's army, which marched from Yunnan to the north of Guangxi, defeated the enemy all the way and reached the city of Tanzhou (today's Changsha).

Due to the death of Meng Ge, the army also crossed the Yangtze River and returned north with the support of a force sent by Kublai Khan. The northern and southern armies of Mongolia basically marched according to the planned plan, but fell short due to the failure of the main offensive battlefield in the west. Secondly, it stalled the Mongolian army’s third western expedition and alleviated the threat of the Mongolian invaders to countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and other countries. In 1252, Mongke Khan sent his younger brother Hulagu to launch the third Western Expedition, and successively captured large areas of the Arabian Peninsula including present-day Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Just as Hulagu was preparing to march to Egypt, he learned of the death of Meng Ge. Hulagu left a small number of troops to continue the campaign, and then led his own army back eastward. As a result, the Mongolian invading army was defeated by the Egyptian army because it was outnumbered. The Mongolian army never entered Africa. Mongolia's large-scale expansion has since reached a low ebb. Therefore, the impact of the Battle of Diaoyu City has far exceeded the scope of China, and it also occupies an important page in world history. Third, it provided an opportunity for Kublai Khan to take charge of the Mongolian regime and had a major impact on the historical development of China. Meng Ge is a Mongolian conservative who still implements traditional policies. This policy, which has a strong flavor of the Mongolian tribes and the Western Regions, is extremely unsuitable for the needs of ruling the vast Central Plains and Han lands. Kublai Khan was one of the few enlightened people among the Mongolian ruling group who admired Han culture. After Meng Ge came to the throne, Kublai Khan was appointed to be in charge of the Han Dynasty in Monan. He vigorously recruited Han Confucian scholars and vigorously promoted the Sinicization policy, which achieved great results. However, it aroused the suspicion of Meng Ge and his conservative officials, and Kublai Khan was dismissed from office, and his Sinicization policy was also forced to be cancelled. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne of the Great Khan, he continued to implement his Sinicization policy, gradually changed the Mongolian army's policy of indiscriminate killing, and divided people into four levels according to race, so as to protect the economy and culture of South China from greater damage. Meng Ge Khan once left a last word that when he captures Diaoyu City in the future, he should massacre all the people in the city. Later, in 1279, Diaoyu City put down its weapons and voluntarily terminated its resistance on the condition that no one in the city be killed. It was only after the guard Wang Li opened the city that Diaoyu City fell into the hands of the Mongols. You must know that the Mongols killed over 100 million people during their invasion of the world, and all cities that resisted were massacred. And they were slaughtered cleanly. Only the Diaoyu City resisted for 36 years and escaped unscathed. Use your strength to make the devils put down their butcher's knives. As a typical representative of the mountain city defense system, Diaoyu City fully demonstrated its defensive role in the cold weapon era. It became a fortress difficult to conquer by the Mongolian army. The Ancient War Museum of the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution specially made a sand table model of the ancient battlefield of Diaoyu City to demonstrate its important position in the history of ancient Chinese wars.

Introduction to the ancient town

Laitan Ancient Town (3 photos) Laitan Ancient Town should actually be called Laitan Ancient Village. It is located 28 kilometers northeast of Hechuan District. It was built in the Song Dynasty and is one of the first batch of towns in China. A famous historical and cultural town, Zhonglaitan Ancient Town

One of the top ten ancient towns in China and one of the first batch of "China's Most Beautiful Villages and Towns". The ancient village is surrounded by cliffs on three sides, and has the dangerous situation of "one man can guard the gate, and ten thousand men can't open it". The Wengcheng built in the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty is the only one in Chongqing. There are four caves for hiding soldiers in the city, with the function of closing the door to beat dogs and catching turtles in the urn. Enemy effect. Wenchang Palace, a Qing Dynasty building, is well-preserved, and the wooden reliefs on the outer railings of the ancient theater are breathtaking.

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Laitan Ancient Town should actually be called Laitan Ancient Village. It is more than 200 years old [1]. It was built in the Xianfeng period and covers an area of ??0.25 square kilometers. , the four city gates are in cross symmetry. The walls are all made of stone strips more than half a meter long. The walls are 7 meters high and 2.5 meters wide. In order to prevent the Taiping Army from entering Sichuan and the uprising of Li and Lan, a massive reinforcement and repair was carried out during the Tongzhi period, and stone defense facilities were built surrounding the entire ancient village, which are still strong today. In the ancient town, there are more than 400 small blue-tiled houses from the Ming and Qing Dynasties scattered in different heights, and the more than 200 meters of bluestone alleys are simple and elegant, basically maintaining the original style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, giving people a sense of returning to simplicity and stepping into a quiet mountain town. feel. There is a Taiping Pool used for firefighting on the street inside Xiaozhaimen, which is inscribed "the first year of Tongzhi". A narrow street with three steps is formed by an integral stone dam. The footprints of past generations have carved a path, which is a testimony of antiquity. There are also ruins such as Huilong Temple and Zhangye Temple in the town, as well as the beautiful legend of the Nine Views and Eighteen Temples. Looking back to the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Laitan was once a famous water pier because it was close to the Qujiang River and relied on the advantages of boats. Merchants gathered and the market was prosperous and very prosperous. Looking through the tunnel of time, we return to the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. Because it is close to the Qujiang River and takes advantage of the boat rides, Bedtan is also a famous water pier. If there is water, it can attract merchants. At that time, merchants gathered in Laitan Village , the market is prosperous and very prosperous, and the Erfo Temple built on the mountain is also full of incense. It is a prosperous Feng Shui treasure place.

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The ancient temple building complex in Laitan Ancient Town was first built in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. There were nine palaces (nunneries) near the ancient town. The legend of the 18th Temple is that it was a gathering place for Buddhist believers. When it was prosperous, there were thousands of monks. Huilong Temple and Zhangye Temple have become ruins. Today, two towering ancient banyan trees and the temple gate still exist in the temple. The Wenchang Sheng Palace built in the Qing Dynasty was converted into a primary school after liberation. The main building still exists, including the ancient theater building and the wooden reliefs on the outer railings of the theater platform, which are of extremely high artistic value and are breathtaking.

The main temple, the Erfo Ancient Temple, was built in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It is divided into upper and lower halls. The upper hall is located on the top of Jiufeng Mountain, covering an area of ??5181 square meters and divided into three hall levels. It is magnificent and has a strong religious atmosphere.

On the central axis are the Mountain Gate, the Jade Emperor Hall, the Main Hall (the main hall of Buddha) and the Guanyin Hall. On the left and right are buildings such as shrines and Zen rooms, which are arranged in a quadrangle, especially the Mahavira Hall. In the center of the hall, the original three main Buddhas with clay sculptures and golden bodies are five meters high, lifelike, and the Buddha's light shines. The eighteen Arhats with clay sculptures on both sides are colorful, with different expressions, vivid and intimidating. It is a pity that the cultural relics in the temple were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Only the four stone pillars in the main hall are about 13 meters high. They are made of whole huge stones. They are tall and majestic and can be regarded as the unique architecture of the past dynasties. The hollow stone carvings of Shanmen Archway are exquisite and are hard-to-find historical and cultural masterpieces. The lower hall is located in Jiufeng Mountain. It is a two-story and one-floor eaves arch building built on the mountain. Its group of rock carvings on the mountain are a concentrated expression of the cultural landscape of Laitan Ancient Town. They have profound artistic connotations of the Zen culture of the Two Buddhas and reflect the cultural and artistic crystallization of the ancient working people in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The largest Buddha statue of Sakyamuni in the lower hall of Erfo Temple is 12.5 meters high. It is carved into the rock and is known as the "Second Buddha in Sichuan". The 16 Arhats carved on the stone in the temple are the ancestors of the 18 Arhats - the evolution of the 500 Arhat statues. The statue of the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism is the only group of family portrait statues among the stone carvings in the country. The Southern Song Dynasty stone carvings of Erfo Temple are representative works of the third peak of stone carving art in my country. There are a total of 42 niches and more than 1,700 statues. It is the largest and rare collection of Zen Buddhist statues in my country, and is also one of the largest Zen dojos in the country. The famous scholar Mr. Ding Mingyi described the Laitan cliff carvings as "a pearl buried underground"; Dr. Enzhi Ho, an American art historian professor, called it "a treasure house of stone carving art"; Duan Wenjie, president of the Dunhuang Academy and a famous stone carving expert Mr. Wang’s inscription is “The Laitan cliff statue is the essence of the stone carving art of the Song Dynasty” and “The Laitan Arhat statue is the treasure of the stone carving art”.

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Laitan Ancient Town has a long history. It first reached the scale of a town in the Song Dynasty. The ancient town is adjacent to the Qujiang River and has beautiful natural scenery. The Ming and Qing dynasties are scattered with residential buildings. The old streets and alleys are simple and elegant. The Wengcheng built in the Qing Dynasty is now well preserved and is the only one in Chongqing. Laitan Ancient Town is divided into upper and lower fields, which are very close to each other. They look like brothers and sisters, one high and one low, one up and one down, one strong and one soft, taking care of each other. It is located on Jiufeng Mountain overlooking the Qujiang River. It is majestic and masculine. Its walls are high, like a dragon and a tiger perched on the mountain. Laitan Village covers an area of ??0.25 square kilometers. The four gates are in cross symmetry. The walls are all made of stone strips more than half a meter long. The walls are 7 meters high and 2.5 meters wide. They are in sharp contrast with the modern architectural structure and have a unique ancient flavor. feature. The ancient village still retains the appearance of the old castle, with narrow and winding but well-sized stone streets and alleys, and more than 400 Qing Dynasty houses. The well-proportioned small blue-tiled buildings with wooden structures basically maintain the original style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are simple and elegant, giving people the feeling of returning to simplicity and stepping into a quiet mountain town. Luo's old dried tofu, Qujiang fish, and local chicken are famous local specialties. You can also try the local rice wine.

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Ming Dynasty stone archway, Qing Dynasty relic pagoda forest, Ming and Qing tombs and some stone inscriptions, etc. In addition, there are also the most popular "Eight Scenes of Laitan", which are: Eagle Peak, Deep Clouds, Buddha Rock Immortal Site, Dragon Cave Clear Spring, Building Playing Stones, Twin Pagodas Welcoming Boats, Single Tree East Gate, Sutra Pan Jiri, and Painted Liang Rubbing waves.

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About 42 kilometers northeast from Hechuan City is the ancient town of Laitan, which is kept in the boudoir. It only takes more than half an hour to drive from Hechuan Tong. A high-grade highway to Laitan has been built. Laitan Town has convenient transportation. There are asphalt roads all the way from Hechuan to Laitan Town. It only costs 10 yuan to take a minibus.