Books on German Women after World War II (1945- 1965)

Red Desire-Berlin:1Autumn of 945 2007-03- 15 15:00 It has been 60 years since the end of World War II. The Red Army of the Soviet Union once claimed to be a hero who "helped the German people get rid of the clutches of the Nazis", but recently, historical data have continuously proved that the Red Army of the Soviet Union raped Germany after it captured Germany. According to historians' estimation, during the period from April 24 to May 5, 1945, nearly 500,000 women in Berlin were raped by officers and men of the Red Army, accounting for 30% of the total, and 1 10,000 of them committed suicide because they could not bear the blow. The total number of German women raped by Soviet Red Army soldiers in World War II exceeded 2 million. The victims included the wife of former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl who committed suicide last year. At that time, she was only twelve years old, and her mother was raped by the Red Army. As early as 1990, the film Befreier und Befreite. Krieg, Vergewaltigungen, Kinder (Liberator and Liberated-Rape, Children, War), written and directed by famous feminists Helke Sander and Barbara Bohr, caused great sensation and heated discussion. Sander interviewed many women who had experienced war trauma and asked them to tell their experiences of being gang-raped by the Soviet Red Army before filming. The author wrote in the book of the same name:

"1945, when 450,000 Red Army attacked Berlin, there were 6.5438+0.4 million girls and women in the city. From the early summer of 1945 to autumn,10000 of these girls and women were raped by Red Army soldiers, accounting for 7.4% of the total. ..... Among these raped girls and women of childbearing age, 1 1000 are pregnant ... The number of raped girls and women is inconsistent with the number of rapes, because 40% of the victims have been raped many times. ..... Historian Lacey Ling estimated that there were 1 10,000 women in Berlin who died or were permanently disabled.

Many women recalled the situation at that time and said that wherever the army went, it not only burned and looted, but also shouted "Fraukomm". They went door-to-door to collect German women, from underage girls to middle-aged women, and committed collective rape and gang rape. Many women died tragically because of atrocities, and some committed suicide because of humiliation. The remaining prime of life was taken back to Siberia for hard labor and became living war reparations. Soviet officer Solzhenitsyn recalled: The luckiest were the German women who were shot but not raped.

In 2002, British military historian anthony beaver published Berlin:1Autumn of 945. The book is based on some unpublished materials in Russian archives, war archives in Germany, the United States, France and Sweden, and the memories of victims. He pointed out in his book that in almost three years, the Soviet Red Army fought by Prussia and Nazi Germany and attacked Berlin. It is estimated that 2 million women were raped, some of whom were gang-raped. In Berlin alone, 1 30,000 women were killed, and110,000 of them committed suicide because they were unable to withstand the blow. The victims included the wife of former German Chancellor Kohl, who was only twelve years old and was raped by the Red Army at the same time as her mother.

After the book was sold in Britain, it was called "insult" by the Russian ambassador to Britain. Russian military experts denied the contents of the book, but after reading the book, many victims in that year once again evoked the pain many years ago and made this neglected history public. After the war, they were too scared to mention it again. Because the Red Army is regarded as the hero who liberated Germany from the Nazis, their crimes are regarded as taboo and no one dares to mention them again. Beaver also received many letters from victims. Some people also told some little-known things, such as some women who committed suicide because they didn't want to fall into the hands of the Red Army, some people killed their daughters because of rape and humiliation, and some girls in schools committed suicide collectively.

Marta, 8 1 year-old, was raped by the Soviet Red Army, revealing the sad past that had been suppressed for many years: "When they (the Red Army) found me, they asked me to bury the body of the Hitler Youth League. Six Red Army men pushed me to the cemetery and raped me one by one. " She repeated, "I'm not lying, I'm not. You must believe me. "

Because the Red Army enjoys a high status, many women are afraid that no one will believe what they say. A German woman who immigrated to Britain said, "I wanted to write an autobiography, but no one believed me. I think I've been a little crazy since then. "

Some women have not accepted this painful fact after many years. A victimized woman said that a Red Army soldier tried to rape her mother, so she grabbed the soldier's gun and tried to strangle him. But the fact is that she didn't strangle the Red Army, but was raped by the Red Army. It's just that her wound hasn't healed yet, so she hopes to deceive herself with lies.

In May, 2005, Berlin Woman, a diary written by a German female journalist during the fall of Berlin in 1945, was published again in Germany. The book once again proves with the author's personal experience that after the fall of Germany in 1945, the Soviet Red Army raped countless helpless German women. In the form of the private diary of Gilles, a famous German journalist, The Woman in Berlin vividly describes the bleak days in the last few days of the Third Reich and the hardships she suffered after the fall of Germany.

1945, Shears was just in his early thirties, still single and living in East Berlin. After the fall of Germany, she was afraid and hid in one of her basements. On April 27th, a group of Soviet soldiers found her in the basement, and too many cooks immediately dragged her into the corridor and gang raped her inhumanely. In the days that followed, Scheers, who had received higher education, relied on his fluent Russian and physical condition, and found a senior Soviet officer as a backer, so he survived by luck.

Since the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany, there have been a lot of works describing Germany's tragic past, especially the mass rape of German women by Soviet soldiers. They showed the world that Germany was not only an aggressor in World War II, but also a victim of the war. However, the Russians were angered by these works and strongly criticized them. They believe that these works are completely fabricated history, without any factual basis, which seriously denigrates the image of the former Soviet Union. These works even triggered a heated diplomatic debate between Berlin and Moscow.

The first stage: 1944 Xia Hou, the Red Army marched westward to East Prussia (once owned).

Germany, Poland and the Soviet Union), where women were raped. Basically, at night.

The soldiers got drunk and started looking for women. Action is a group trip of several people and more than a dozen people.

Because. The women victims ranged in age from 65 to over 80. For those who are slightly rebellious.

People shot at once. Although the superior has an order not to rape German women, but underneath,

No scruples. The Red Army even raped German women in front of Soviet female soldiers, and those Su

The United Women Warrior also excused these actions: Our Red Army opposes the Germans, especially them.

Women's behavior is absolutely correct. Rape at this stage shows a strong revenge mentality.

Feeling.

■ The second stage: 1945 At the beginning of the year, the Red Army "liberated" a large number of people from the concentration camp.

My own countrymen, but raped my own compatriots. A woman who was raped

The girl cried and said that he was older than my father. The Red Army has repeatedly treated a large number of Polish and German women.

The second rape led many women to commit suicide, and they often killed their children first.

And then hanged himself. Many locals look forward to the Red Army, but they look forward to it more than Germany.

The Japanese are cruel. A mother who just gave birth to a baby was forced to gang rape for hours, while others

People reminded the baby that it needed breastfeeding, but the soldiers ignored it. The officers of the Red Army are tough on their opponents.

Rape is generally not taken seriously, and soldiers will be punished unless they are infected with sexually transmitted diseases. As a German woman and daughter,

When complaining to the red army, the chief sometimes joked, "that's it?" Not for you either.

What are the disadvantages? Our soldiers are very brave and healthy. "This stage of rape.

Gradually out of lust, because at this stage, if the victim does not strongly resist, it is generally not.

You'll get hurt.

■ Stage III: 1945. In April and May, the Red Army had hit.

In Berlin, the city has been cut off from electricity, water and food, and everyone is starving. The Red Army holds the grain.

Food, at this time, does not need guns and violence to force German women to submit. Some women

In order to avoid gang rape, the woman promised to become "lovers" with one or more fixed soldiers. that

At that time, the money in the black market was calculated by cigarettes. No wonder they are much more fragrant with the arrival of American troops.

Smoke, they don't need to "rape" women themselves.

■ The fourth stage: after occupation.

Red Army officers lived with local German women and completely forgot their ex-wives.

When the troops needed to withdraw to the Soviet Union, many Red Army officers refused to return and lived with Germany.

Women move away and disappear together. According to the estimation of two big hospitals in Berlin at that time, they closed.

It has taken in 95,000-65,438+030,000 raped women, and it is estimated that 65,438+00,000 of them eventually committed suicide.

. The death rate after rape in East Prussia is definitely higher. It is estimated that there are at least 2 million Germans.

Women in China were raped by the Red Army (of course, this figure is likely to be the same as 30. 1 10,000 Nanjing Massacre).

The sample is mixed with water).

Ps: At the end of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Soviet Red Army raped China women in the northeast of China.

1In August, 945, after the Soviet army entered the Northeast, it took cruel revenge for the humiliation of being defeated by Japan in the Russo-Japanese War, including raping women, plundering residents' property, and escorting about 580,000 Japanese prisoners of war to Siberia for hard labor. It took three or four years to start repatriating to Japan, and nearly 80,000 of them died in foreign countries.

/kloc-in the 1950s, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union was close, and the Soviet Union was the "big brother" in the eyes of China people. Therefore, New China fully affirmed the history of the Soviet Red Army's entry into Northeast China, and evaluated it as the key to Japan's downfall.

1after the 1990s, the domestic and international environment has changed, and objective reports on the Soviet Union's actions in Northeast China have gradually appeared, including the fact that the Soviet Union's attitude towards the China Revolution is often ambiguous and unpredictable, but it is actually for its own interests; Soviet troops showed the arrogance of chauvinism in the northeast; At the same time, in the name of "booty", the strategic materials in Northeast China were plundered.

After the Soviet army entered the northeast, a considerable number of officers and men showed serious indulgence. They not only plundered the defeated Japanese, but also harassed the people of China. Rob things and rape women, which makes people in Northeast China very scared. The rape of women by the "old Russian" everywhere is still fresh in the memory of some old Northeasters.

/kloc-The image of the "liberator" seen by the people in the northeast of the conquered nation in 0/4 years is this: Soviet stragglers run around the streets during the day, some look for drinks everywhere, some steal things from warehouses, auction them in bags in the streets, get drunk at night and run around looking for "ladies", scaring people to close the door and look forward to leaving early.

Especially in major cities in the northeast, there are scattered Soviet soldiers at night. They rob pedestrians, chase women and sometimes break into houses with guns. Therefore, women in China are afraid to go out at night, while men are afraid to wear watches and fur coats. Many drunken Soviet officers and men lying on the side of the road can be seen everywhere, which makes people look askance.

The report on the corruption of Soviet military discipline was first seen in the telegram sent by the first batch of troops of the Eighth Route Army to the Central Committee. 1At the beginning of September, 945, the first batch of Eighth Route Army Jidong troops entered Shenyang and were robbed by the Soviet Union. Many China people came to complain. On the one hand, the Eighth Route Army troops stationed in Shenyang called the Central Committee to report that the Soviet army was "in rags and had poor discipline", and on the other hand, they made representations to the Soviet military, political and metallurgical department, demanding strict discipline. However, the Soviet Red Army explained that soldiers were extremely hostile to fascism, and that's what happened when they arrived in Germany.

Of course, the reply of the Soviet Political Department made the Eighth Route Army very dissatisfied. This explanation is correct, but the Soviet leadership did not seriously control and condone the bad elements in the army, and the responsibility cannot be shirked. As for using hatred of fascism to explain soldiers' indulgence, comparing China to Germany and even arousing the anger of the Eighth Route Army commanders, we can't take narrow national revenge on the innocent people in the defeated country.

This interpretation of the Soviet army reflects the chauvinistic attitude of a big Russian country. In fact, the most fundamental reason for this behavior lies in Stalin's own "Laozi Party" consciousness, which of course prevented him from educating the Soviet army to respect foreign people. At the end of 1944, a Soviet tank army just passed the corner of South Jinlav, and there were more than a thousand rapes and robberies, which aroused the strong resentment of the Yugoslav people and became one of the reasons for the later rupture of southern Jiangsu. The looting and rape after the Soviet Union invaded East Germany also seriously hurt the feelings of the German people, which became a reason for the unstable foundation of the pro-Soviet East Germany regime. What the Soviets did in the northeast was exactly the same as what they did in the east.

194565438+In February, even Lu Dongsheng, an important military general of China who was appointed as the deputy commander of Songjiang Military Region by the Central Committee of China, was killed when he was robbed by Soviet soldiers in Harbin. Lu Dongsheng is one of the main leaders of the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. In the Red Army era, I worked as a teacher in the Red Army Corps. In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was the brigade commander of the famous 358th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army. Soon after, he went to study in the Soviet Union with Liu Yalou (a long-term air force commander after the founding of New China), and was not elected to the Central Committee by only a few votes at the University of China VII. The Soviet Union sent troops to the Northeast, and he returned to the Northeast as a major of the Soviet Union. After returning home, Lu Dongsheng quickly got in touch with the Eighth Route Army and was appointed as the deputy commander of Songjiang Military Region by the Central Committee. 12 14 in the evening, Lu Dongsheng went out in a carriage. He was robbed by Soviet soldiers at gunpoint because he didn't wear Soviet military uniform. Lu Dongsheng, who had studied in the Soviet Union, immediately asked the soldier which unit he was in in fluent Russian. The soldier was afraid of being accused and killed him. However, in the Biography of Red Army Generals published in mainland China, Lu Dongsheng was introduced as: "1945 returned to China in September and served as deputy commander of Songjiang Military Region. In the same year, 65438+ February 65438+ April died in Harbin. "

In Europe, the Soviets also fought before and after the war. . . . . . .

In the "liberation" of Budapest. During the whole siege, 0/3,000 residents of Budapest/Kloc died in the war, 25,000 died of hunger, and more than 25,000 people were executed or killed by the "Arrow Cross" guerrillas. In addition, in order to excuse Stalin's long-term attack on Budapest (they explained to Stalin that Budapest had/kloc-0.8 million defenders). More than 50,000 civilians were captured as "prisoners of war" (the Soviet army asked Hungarian civilians to put captured German coats on their bodies, so these civilians became "German fascist prisoners of war", and most of the truly captured German soldiers were shot on the spot immediately after being captured), of which13,000 people never returned to their homes. During the entire Budapest campaign, the total number of civilian casualties (including Jews) was as high as 76,000!

In addition, due to the heavy casualties in the besieged city, the Soviet Red Army also carried out cruel "retaliatory" atrocities against civilians after the city was broken: robbery, beatings, forced prostitution and even deliberate shooting occurred from time to time. In addition, they also expelled overseas missions and personnel on a large scale. The following excerpt is from an investigation report drafted by about 60 Swiss consulate staff in Budapest on May 24, 1945: "... during the siege of Budapest and the tragic days that followed, Russian troops plundered the whole city. They broke into almost every resident's house-whether the owner was rich or poor, they took everything they wanted, especially food, clothes and valuables. Shops have been ransacked several times, and large items such as furniture or art can't be taken away, so they are destroyed at will. In most cases, houses are burned after being robbed ... Generally speaking, robbery of civilians in Russia is extremely common, but it is not always completely "systematic"-for example, a person is robbed of all his pants, but his coat is left behind. The Russian army even has a squad dedicated to searching for valuables. They use magnetic mine detectors and trained military dogs to search for gold, silver and other metal objects. ...

"Rape has become the most cruel atrocity against Hungarian civilians, and its scale is extremely extensive-women from/kloc-0 to 70 years old can hardly escape, and many women commit suicide to get rid of disasters ... Even after the disciplinary ban is promulgated, Russian soldiers will still patrol the houses where women live from time to time, and then they will be violent to them at night and beat anyone who resists ... More tragically, many Russian soldiers are still suffering from various diseases. In addition, drugs in the city have completely disappeared, which has deepened the suffering of the victims ... Even some Russian women serving in the Red Army or the military and police forces have committed xx crimes, and Hungarian men who disobeyed their wishes have also been beaten by them ... Up to now (end of March 1945), about 5,000 Hungarian women have died or committed suicide due to rape in Budapest. ...

"All Germans in Budapest were transported to the Soviet Union from the age of 2 to 70, and their fate is unknown ... I heard.

1945 Among the children born in Berlin, 3.7% have Russian fathers.