Introduction to the World Cultural Heritage Lijiang Ancient Town

World heritage is a cultural relic, monument and natural landscape recognized by all mankind as having outstanding significance and universal value. The following is the introduction to the world cultural heritage Lijiang Ancient Town that I brought to you. I hope you like it!

Introduction to the world cultural heritage Lijiang Ancient Town

There are two ancient cities in our country listed by UNESCO. On the World Cultural Heritage List, they are divided into one south and one north, each with its own characteristics. The north is the Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi, and the south is the Lijiang Ancient City in Yunnan. Lijiang Ancient City is composed of three relatively independent urban construction units: Dayan, Baisha and Shuhe. Dayan Ancient City is their centralized representative, so people often call Dayan Ancient City Lijiang Ancient City. From a regional perspective, Lijiang Dayan Ancient City is an ancient plateau city of ethnic minorities well-known both at home and abroad.

Location of Dayan Ancient City

Dayan Ancient City is located in the center of the Lijiang Basin. Look at the Wenbi Peak standing in the southwest corner of the basin, which looks like a giant pen in Shutian. The Lijiang Basin is like a large inkstone made of jasper. In ancient times, "yan" and "inkstone" were connected, so the ancient city was called Dayan. No wonder people say Lijiang The prosperity of culture is due to Lijiang's beautiful scenery and outstanding people.

The ancient city was formed at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been the commercial center of northwest Yunnan and an important town on the Tea Horse Road connecting Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. It has a history of more than 800 years. The ancient city covers an area of ??3.8 square kilometers and is about 2,400 meters above sea level. It is home to more than 6,200 families and has a permanent population of about 25,000, of which the Naxi population accounts for about 67%. The Old Town of Lijiang was announced as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council on December 8, 1986, and was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO on December 4, 1997.

Site Selection of the Ancient City

In addition to having the same characteristics of "small bridges and flowing water with people's homes" as the ancient city of Suzhou, Lijiang Ancient City is also unique in terms of site selection, street layout, and Naxi folk houses. The ancient city borders Jinhong Mountain to the north, Lion Mountain to the west, and faces thousands of hectares of fertile fields to the southeast. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. Such a location blocks the cold current from the northwest in winter and sends warm wind from the southeast in summer, making the ancient city warm in winter and cool in summer. The climate is comfortable and pleasant. The Yuhe River around us provides the ancient city with a clean and sufficient water source. It can be said that the location selection of the ancient city is very scientific.

Water wheel - screen wall - water dragon column

Some people say that the water wheel in front of us is the mother and child water wheel, while others say it is the lover's water wheel. There were waterwheels in the ancient city in the past, and they are still in use in some remote places today. It can be used to pound rice and grind flour. If people live in a high place or the fields to be irrigated are high but the water flows low, they can also be used to lift water.

Next to the waterwheel is a screen wall with an inscription written by Comrade Jiang Zemin. There are houses with three rooms and one screen wall in the ancient city. The screen wall looks like this. On the right side of the screen wall is the water dragon pillar. The dragon controls water, and the civil buildings in the ancient city are most afraid of fire, but water can overcome fire, so this water dragon column was erected to express the people's desire to avoid fire in the ancient city. For thousands of years, the people of the ancient city have taken care of the ancient city as much as they care for their own eyes. Friends, please also take care of the ancient city like the people of the ancient city and do not litter with cigarette butts.

World Heritage Emblem - Stone Carved Wall - Baghtu

Let’s look at the World Cultural Heritage emblem again. The circular outer circle represents the earth and nature; the square inner frame is surrounded by two hands, representing human creation; the circle and the square frame are closely connected inside and outside, indicating the harmony and unity of man and nature. The ancient city of Lijiang is the harmony and unity of man and nature. masterpiece. The words surrounding the circle are the word "World Heritage" in Chinese, English and French respectively.

The stone wall on the right is carved from sandstone unique to the Danxia landform area. It is a landscape built in 1999 to renovate the peripheral environment of the ancient city. This giant relief wall is 9 meters high and 55 meters long. It is called "Lijiang Ancient Town in the Prosperity Picture" and shows the scenes of ancient daily life in the three areas of Baisha Ancient Town, Shuhe Ancient Town and Dayan Ancient Town of Lijiang Ancient City, which are world cultural heritage sites. Its representative scenes include Baisha murals, Shuhe Sifang Street, Dashiqiao, Dayan Sifang Street, Dongba hieroglyphics, Naxi ancient music performances, men farming and women weaving, and large roofs of ancient city residents. It is a rich Naxi picture. The style painting can be called Lijiang’s “Along the River During Qingming Festival”.

Under our feet is the "Bagh chart", also called the Frog Bagua chart, which is a divination tool created by the Naxi ancestors based on the Five Elements Theory. There is a frog crawling in the middle of the pattern. There seems to be divination scriptures on its back. There is an arrow across its abdomen, symbolizing the five directions, five elements, five colors and eight positions. The arrow shaft faces east, symbolizing "wood", and the color of wood is green; the frog's mouth faces south, and "fire" is spit out from its mouth, and the fire color is red; the frog's belly is in the middle, turning into "earth", and the earth color is yellow; the arrowhead faces west, symbolizing "iron" ", the iron color is white; the frog's tail faces north, and "water" is sprinkled, and the water color is black. In addition, the left limb of the frog points to the southeast, the right limb points to the southwest, the left foot points to the northeast, and the right foot points to the northwest. The addition of east, south, west, and north symbolizes the eight directions. Twelve animal images are marked around the pattern. From the east, the order is Yin tiger, Mao rabbit, Chen dragon, Si snake, Wu horse, Wei sheep, Shen monkey, You rooster, Xu dog, Hai pig, Zi rat, Ugly cow. In this way, the five elements of wood, fire, earth, iron, and water are matched with male and female to get ten, and then they are combined with twelve animals in a cycle to get sixty ordinal numbers.

Folk Dongba priests use the body parts of frogs to symbolize the orientation of the universe and layout the Yin and Yang, the Five Elements, the Ten Heavenly Stems, the Twelve Earthly Branches, and the Eight Directions and Gates, forming a special divination chart to explain the natural world and predict human life. Baghtu has important reference value for studying the original cosmology of the Naxi ancestors and even for studying the origin of Bagua.

Layout of the ancient city

The layout of streets and houses in the ancient city can be said to be based on water as its veins and follow the trend naturally. The Black Dragon Pond spring water at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain flows out of the thousand-meter-long Yuhe River. The Yuhe Spring Water is divided into the West River, the Middle River, and the East River here. It is further divided into more tributaries in the ancient city and flows through the streets and alleys, through the walls and into the courtyard, and flows throughout the city. , making the ancient town of Lijiang rich in the aesthetic taste of people with small bridges and flowing water. The streets and houses in the ancient city naturally stretch along with the water and mountains. They are very different from the square and strict checkerboard layout of many ancient cities in my country. They also reflect the beauty of the garden of "harmony between man and nature". The layout with water as its veins also tells us that if any of our friends get lost in the ancient city, they can get out of the ancient city and reach the entrance as long as they go upstream. Now, please follow me along Xinhua Street along the West River into the ancient city!

Wuhuashi Street

Some friends may have noticed the paving stones under our feet, which are called Wuhuashi Street. flower stone. The ancient city is paved with this kind of beautiful gravel stone slabs, which have become quite smooth after thousands of years of trampling by humans and horses. Such streets are neither gray in drought nor muddy in rain. If you enter the ancient city after a shower, the streets will be washed clean by the rain, like a colorful "flower path" stretching into the distance. It is simply beautiful. This kind of five-flowered stone is a kind of granite, and it is all paved with this kind of stone in the ancient city. No wonder the Japanese guests said: "You Lijiang people are so rich!"

Small bridge - flowing water - People

Look, on our left is the West River, which flows to Sifang Street and Mufu. On our right are Naxi houses built along the mountains. Here, the jade water is flowing, the weeping willows are hanging, the wooden bridges are seated, and the tiled houses are scaled. It is a scene of "small bridges and flowing water with people's houses". According to statistics, there are 365 stone arch bridges, stone slab bridges and oak bridges within the 3.8 square kilometers of the ancient city. Lijiang Old Town is both a water city and a bridge city. Water is the veins and blood of the ancient city. Water makes the ancient city full of vitality and adds beauty to the ancient city. It can be said that without water, the ancient city of Lijiang will lose half of its charm.

Tourists, in this ancient city, in addition to the water that brings vitality to the ancient city, there is another aspect that brings vitality to the ancient city, and that is the residents. To this day, people of all ethnic groups, mainly the Naxi, still work and live in the ancient city. Their natural and peaceful life makes the ancient city still alive and full of vitality. Therefore, people call the ancient city of Lijiang the "living ancient city". You can see Naxi aunts at any time, wearing wide-waisted, large-sleeved tops, pleated aprons, and seven-star sheepskins on their backs, doing business or entertaining. They worked under the stars and the moon when they were young, but now they are productive and happy in their old age. Sometimes they walk hand in hand in the ancient city, forming a very harmonious scenery with the ancient city. Please pay attention to it.

Sifang Street

Visitors, now we are at Sifang Street. Sifang Street is the central square of the ancient city. It is an approximately rectangular square surrounded by rows of connected shops. The street covers an area of ??about 6 acres. There are two main theories as to why it is called Sifang Street. One theory is that the shape of the square is very similar to the square seal of the prefect. The chieftain named it Sifang Street, which means "power to control the four directions". Some people also say that it is called Sifang Street because the roads here lead to all directions and it is a distribution center for people and logistics from all directions. Why is Sifang Street so famous? If there is a world-famous trade channel in northern my country - the Silk Road, then there is also a trade channel in southern my country called the "Ancient Tea Horse Road", which is the link between Tibetan areas and Lijiang. A trade channel for horses, furs, medicinal materials and other specialties as well as southern tea, silk, jewelry and other commodities. Lijiang Old Town is an important town on the Tea Horse Road, and Sifang Street is the trade center of this important town.

Throughout the ages, merchants have gathered here during the day, and business has been booming, and they have naturally flowed into the market. Even the surrounding bridges have become exclusive sales places for some commodities, such as the bridge in front of Kegongfang. It's called "Pea Pea Bridge", and the bridge in the southwest corner is called "Duck Egg Sales Bridge". At night, especially on festival nights, this place becomes a singing and dancing floor for children of all ethnic groups. People light bonfires, sing folk songs here, and dance Guozhuang, Alili and Lusheng dances all night long. If you happen to happen upon such an event, you can't help but join them. The poem written by Mugong Tusi in the Ming Dynasty, "The reed pipes are still playing, and the moon is bright with singing and dancing" is a true portrayal of this grand occasion.

Maybe you have noticed that Sifang Street is not level, but slightly tilted to the east. Why is this? As the Naxi proverb says, Sifang Street is a place that sells everything except chicken bridles. In a busy market, there will be a lot of garbage within a few days, and there are no regular cleaners in the ancient city. The people of the ancient city cleverly use the water of the Xihe River to naturally flush the streets according to the terrain. The method is: after the market is over in the afternoon, people use three planks to build a gate on the street river. The water from the West River overflows the river bank and flows to the street. The owners of the surrounding shops use sticks to ride the water force to stir up the sewage and flow into the East River for irrigation. Thousands of hectares of farmland. Utilizing the self-flow of river water to wash the streets is both clean and eliminates the need for sweeping. This is probably unique among Chinese cities.

Kegongfang

This is Kegongfang, which was originally built for the "one door and three promotions" of the Yang family in this alley. In the first year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1723 AD, Lijiang implemented the "reform of native rule and return to flow", that is, it changed from the original rule of chieftains to the rule of floating officials with a certain term appointed by the central government. From then on, Lijiang entered the society from a feudal lord. The feudal landlord society. The changes in the social system have greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of civilian children for reading. In the 180 years from the "return to local people" to the abolition of the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty, Lijiang has produced more than 60 candidates and seven Jinshi. "One family, three achievements" is not surprising in the culturally developed Central Plains, but in Lijiang, a border minority area ruled by chieftains for a long time, it is a great and sensational event, so the government and the people donated money to build the project here. A two-story Kogongfang was built. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Lijiang's last Jinshi and Gengji emerged from this alley, so the villagers rebuilt Kegongfang on the original site after it was burned down, and upgraded it to three floors. In fact, from the time of the "return to local rule" to the abolition of the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty, there were two schools in the ancient city alone that had "one subject and three exams". Now, the Naxi ethnic group, with a population of only over 300,000, has hundreds of experts and professors; the number of people admitted to the college entrance examination every year has always been among the best in the province based on the average population. It can be said that the Naxi people are a nation that advocates culture and is good at learning. Okay, everyone can be active in Sifang Street for 30 minutes, and you can also buy some souvenirs and souvenirs. We will gather here in 30 minutes. Next we go to visit the "Naxi Courtyard".

Naxi Folk Residences - Four Seasons of Bogu

The Naxi people's good learning is also reflected in the construction of folk houses in the ancient city. While extensively absorbing the architectural culture of Han, Bai, Tibetan and other ethnic groups, the ancient city's folk houses also integrated the architectural culture and aesthetic consciousness of their own nation into it, forming many Naxi-style three-bedroom and one-screen wall, four-in-five patios, front and back yards, As soon as you enter the two courtyards, etc., strong local and national characteristics are formed in the settings of the gatehouse, front porch, patio paving, doors, windows and partitions. Currently, there are 140 key protected residential households in the entire Lijiang Ancient Town (including Baisha and Shuhe), and there are 112 households in Dayan Ancient Town. Now we will enter the "Naxi Courtyard" to visit. This is the four-in-five patio. The four-in-one refers to the four-in-one house with four directions: southeast, northwest and northwest. There is a small patio between each two adjacent rooms. Plus the large patio in the middle, there are five patios, so it is called the four-in-five patio. The upper and lower floors of this square house are connected, so it is also called "Zou Ma Zhuan Jiao Building". As you can see, the front eaves and pillars of these square houses are covered with very high five-flowered stone pillar foundations, which not only protects the pillar feet, but also makes them beautiful, but it is not conducive to the earthquake resistance of the house, and Lijiang is an earthquake-prone area! Master Don’t you understand this? What do you think? It turns out that one of the characteristics of this kind of "Zouma corner building" is that there is a front eaves column for two adjacent rooms, and the gables of the two rooms are on the same tree. On the pillars, it is called "same beam and combined column" in architecture. This structure not only saves a column, but also makes the connection between houses stronger and has good earthquake resistance, so the owner uses such a high column foundation.

If you ask which part of this courtyard house has the most Naxi characteristics, it is the Liuhe door in the main room and the window core on the Liuhe door - "Four Seasons Bogu". Although these are also the results of learning the culture of the Han and Bai ethnic groups, up to now, no ethnic group like the Naxi people, must have Liuhe gate and four seasons at home like the Naxi people. This Liuhe door is removable, convenient and flexible. When it is opened, it becomes a door, and when it is closed, it becomes a window. Normally, only the two middle doors are opened. When there are business events or when there are many guests, all six doors can be removed. The carved window core is called "Four Seasons Bogu", and the composition content is mostly flowers of the four seasons and Bogu utensils, expressing the Naxi people's good wishes of good luck in the four seasons, good fortune, longevity and longevity, and farming, reading and inheriting the family. You see, this is called "songs and cranes in spring", which embodies "spring" and "longevity"; this is "magpies competing for plum blossoms", which embodies "winter" and "jubilee"; this is "eagles standing on chrysanthemums", which embodies "autumn". " and "福"; this is "egret picking lotus", which combines "summer" and "lu"; this is "peacock magnolia" and "golden pheasant peony", please make associations and see what their meanings are.

Lijiang Forbidden City "Mufu"

Now we will go to Mufu along the moat of Mufu. The chieftain surnamed Mu once ruled Lijiang for more than 400 years. At the foot of Lion Mountain, which was perfectly located at the right time and place, he built a large-scale chieftain's office, known as Mufu. The moat surrounded Mufu from the north, east and south. Everyone would say, is this a moat? It turns out that the moat is wide and deep. After the "reform of soil and return to flow", as the power of the chieftains declined, the moat became smaller and smaller.

There is another strange thing about the ancient city of Lijiang, that is, the ancient city has no city walls. Why is this? Please answer. Let me give you a reminder: the chieftain's surname is Mu, and chieftains of all generations have been enthusiastic about learning Chinese culture and have also paid attention to avoiding taboo words. Please consider it in terms of Chinese characters. By the way, if a city wall is built where the Mu family lives, it will be like adding a frame to the word "木" and turning it into the word "trap". Of course, this won't work. If there are any other reasons, please let everyone have their own opinions and discuss them!

Mufu is coming soon. What is written on the wooden archway in front of us? "The sky rains and the fragrance flows", yes. The four characters "Heavenly Rain Flowing Fragrance" were originally written by Mugong Tusi in the Ming Dynasty, but were later lost. What we see now was supplemented by Mr. Li Qunjie, a Naxi calligrapher and chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Calligraphers Association. These four words can be explained in Chinese, and at the same time it is a Naxi saying.

In Chinese, it can be interpreted as "the emperor's grace moistens the land of China like spring rain"; in Naxi language, "the sky rains and the fragrance flows" means "go and read a book", which is really a double meaning and ingenious.

Mufu has arrived. It is said that the Mu Mansion was built after the Forbidden City in Beijing. This kind of overstepping of one's duties was never allowed in the strict hierarchical ancient times. Therefore, the Mu family chieftain never allowed outsiders to enter, even Xu Xiake was no exception. Invited by Chief Mu Zeng, Xu Xiake came to Lijiang in 1639 at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Looking at the towering Mu Mansion in the distance, he wrote in his "Xu Xiake's Travels" that "the palace is as beautiful as a king." This sentence has been written on the east screen wall.

This stone arch bridge is shaped like a saddle and is called Golden An Bridge or Jade Belt Bridge. What's special about this bridge is its length-to-width ratio. Generally, stone arch bridges are longer than they are wide. This is not the case with this bridge. It is only 3 meters long but 9.6 meters wide. Why is this? It turns out that Mu's When the chieftain goes on patrol or returns to his home, he always carries eight large sedan chairs to show his majesty. Of course, the bridge is too narrow, and the coordination between the bridge and the tall Zhongyi Square is also taken into consideration.

Chieftain Mu Zeng was loyal to the central government and paid tribute constantly, especially during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is said that chieftain Mu Zeng once used a horse caravan to carry thousands of taels of gold and silver all the way to the capital to pay tribute. Moved, he was given the word "loyalty" and issued an imperial edict to build this loyalty stone archway. The chieftain's loyalty to the court can also be seen from the couplet on the gate of Mu Mansion, which reads, "Whenever the phoenix edict comes, the red sun is approaching, and the crane letter is not available until the white clouds are free." This couplet comes from the Naxi people's first Chinese poem "Envoys from Two Passes" written by Mutai Chieftain. It means that when the emperor's edict comes, it seems to be closer to the sun and feels very warm; if you haven't received a message from the court for a long time, The clerk, then, feels like the white clouds in the sky have become lazy. Everyone is invited to visit Mufu.

Renshou Bridge - Dashiqiao - Ayican

Now we go to Baisuifang, Dashiqiao and Ayican. As you can see, some of the houses facing the street do not face the street frontally, but have the gable side facing the street. Professor Liu Dunzhen, a famous Chinese architect as famous as Liang Sicheng, spoke highly of this when he visited Lijiang in 1938. . Please think about the advantages of having a mountain facing the street. Since Chinese-style buildings are not too tall and have long roof slopes, if they face the street, there will be insufficient lighting. Therefore, the advantage of a hillside building facing the street is that it has better lighting.

Renshou Bridge has arrived. This is the Zhonghe River. Originally there was only an oak bridge here. In the late Qing Dynasty, a Naxi family in this alley had a long-lived old man named Nian Shiguang. He lived to be 108 years old and became a legend. Therefore, the government and neighbors donated money to build the Renshou Bridge, also called the Baisui Bridge, and built a wooden Baisui Bridge fifty or sixty meters to the east. This lane was also called the Baisui Bridge.

Now we have arrived at the Big Stone Bridge. This bridge was built in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of five to six hundred years. It is the largest stone arch bridge in the ancient city and is the main traffic artery in the east and west parts of the ancient city. "Big Stone Bridge" lives up to its name. It is an extension of the Sifang Street Market. It used to be a specialty area for selling Azabu, so it is also called Azabu Bridge.

Traveling here, everyone can be a feast for the eyes on the ancient city. If you still want to have a full meal, don’t forget to take time to taste Lijiang Baba and Chickpea Jelly in nearby streets and alleys. They are the most famous snacks in Lijiang. You can either have Lijiang Baba Butter Tea or Lijiang Baba Chicken Bean Jelly. This chicken bean jelly can be dipped in hot cakes or eaten cold. No matter which way you eat it, it will leave you with a lingering aroma and endless aftertaste.

Now we go to Ayi Can. The ancient city of Lijiang was originally developed and connected by several villages on both sides of the Zhonghe River. Ayican was one of the earliest villages. The spring well in front of us is called Ayican Water Well. The water in the well is sweet and pure. It is said that it also has the effect of nourishing the skin and prolonging life. The bowl next to the well is placed for pedestrians to drink water. This also shows the simplicity of Lijiang's folk customs. In the past, there were village rules and regulations in the ancient city. From around ten o'clock in the evening to around ten o'clock in the morning the next day, it was the time for residents to go to the river to get drinking water. No one was allowed to wash or throw garbage in the river. If you still need drinking water after this period, you have to go to the single-eye spring wells or three-eye wells scattered in the ancient city. This ensures the domestic water supply for the residents of the ancient city.

Dayan Ancient Music Club - Dongba Palace

There are the famous Dayan Ancient Music Club and Dongba Palace on East Street on our left. Their ancient music performances have their own characteristics. Lijiang currently has more than a dozen such ancient bands active in urban and rural areas. The ancient music played here is divided into two parts: "Baisha Fine Music" and "Lijiang Cave Sutra Music". "Baisha Xiyue" is a native Naxi music and one of the four ancient music in my country. It has tunes such as Du, Yishu, and Sansi Ji. The tunes are soothing, deep, and pathos. "Lijiang Cave Sutra Music" was originally court and Taoist music, with tunes such as Yijiang Feng, Hillside Sheep, and Water Dragon Yin. Due to Lijiang's special geographical location and the Naxi people's love for ancient music, many tunes that have been lost in the Central Plains have been Lijiang is preserved deep in Yunling. After hundreds of years of circulation in Lijiang, it has a relatively strong Naxi charm, so it is called "Lijiang Cave Sutra Music". The performance of Naxi ancient music is famous for its "Three Ancients". Which three ancients? Ancient music, ancient musical instruments, and ancient old people. In the performance of ancient music, in addition to traditional flutes, gongs, guzheng, etc., there are also rare ancient instruments such as Bobo and Suguduk. In addition, most of the performers are octogenarians with white beards. .

Listening to ancient music in an antique atmosphere, you will feel the ancient wind blowing on your face, otherworldly, and spontaneously feel that "this music should only be heard in heaven, and how many times can you hear it in the world", thus playing the role of cultivating sentiments and purifying the soul. We are going to listen to Naxi ancient music tonight, and I will give a detailed introduction then.

In the past, there were many inns nearby, some of which catered specifically to Tibetan caravans traveling on the Ancient Tea Horse Road. If you have a caravan, you must have fodder. The open space in front of us is called a pasture. Here we sell not only fodder for mules and horses, but also straw for weaving mats and sandals, mountain grass, etc. There are several souvenir and wood carving shops on this street. Everyone is welcome to visit and buy.

Now we have reached the East River. You can also stop by East Street to visit the "Golden Key Cultural Palace" and "He Zhigang Study".

Golden Key Cultural Palace

Hanging in the "Golden Key Cultural Palace" on the East Street of the ancient city is a giant key. It was made in 2002 for the fifth anniversary of Lijiang Old Town being listed as a World Cultural Heritage. It is made of pure copper, 2002 mm high, 716 mm wide, 72 mm thick, and weighs more than 800 kilograms. It symbolizes the 800-year history of the ancient city of Lijiang. The front of the key handle is engraved with the World Cultural Heritage logo. The Naxi hieroglyph of the golden key is engraved on the lower right of the logo. The transliteration of "Hanzi Valley" is on the left. Below it is the five crowns worn by the Naxi Dongba priests. , is also a metaphor for the winding street water system of Lijiang Old Town. The tortoise carrying the giant key symbolizes health and longevity, and appears as stable as a mountain. It also symbolizes the depth and distance of the Naxi culture of "Hanzi Valley".

"Lijiang Golden Key" is an iconic tourist souvenir of Lijiang that was developed and developed by Lijiang Jiahe Co., Ltd. with an investment of 2.6 million yuan on August 8, 2002, and has obtained a national patent. The golden keys currently on the market include more than 20 products of different textures, specifications, and packaging, including pure gold, pure copper, pure silver, copper alloy, and silver-coated gold. In recent years, Lijiang Jiahe Company has also used the "golden key" as a kind of praise and evaluation of people, awarding it to those who are capable and live long.

He Zhigang Study

He Zhigang is a disabled calligrapher of the Naxi ethnic group and is known as a prodigy in oral calligraphy. His oral calligraphy works are rich and smooth, with a unique style of "an eagle folds its wings and aims at the blue sky". He Zhigang was born in a Naxi farm family in Baisha Ancient Town, Lijiang in 1968. He was accidentally electrocuted when he was 11 years old, resulting in high amputation of both arms. However, as his name suggests, he is determined and resolute, and put in twice as much effort as ordinary people to finish high school. He practiced calligraphy with unimaginable perseverance, biting the penholder with his mouth, and developed a "mouth" of good calligraphy. He Zhigang won the title of "China's 14th National Ten Outstanding Youth" in 2003. "He Zhigang Study" located on the East Street of the ancient city has also been listed as a youth education base in Lijiang City.

World Heritage Lijiang Old Town Sign Monument

The overall shape of this monument is based on the word "人" in Dongba script of the Naxi people. The world heritage emblem and Naxi are embedded on the monument. The statues of human ancestors in ethnic myths and legends highlight the meaning of "people-oriented and create history" and embody the theme of "the children of all ethnic groups shine together with the mountains and rivers, the sun and the moon". The Dongba Sutra's "Chongban Tu" says that after the catastrophe of the flood, only Chongrenli'en survived. Later, he married the heavenly fairy Linhong Baobai and brought grain seeds, cattle and horses from the sky. Lijiang leads a farming life. Linhong Baobai gave birth to three sons. The eldest son spoke Tibetan, the second son spoke Naxi, and the third son spoke Bai. They became the ancestors of the Tibetan, Naxi, and Bai people respectively.

Visitors, today we have crossed the West, Middle and East rivers in the ancient city. No, we have crossed the time tunnel of thousands of years, walked out of the "Riverside Scene during Qingming Festival", and are about to meet Despite the bustling traffic of modern cities, I hope that the beautiful scenery of small bridges and running water in the ancient city of Lijiang and the rich national culture will leave you with good memories. I also want to thank you for your support of my work. Thank you all.

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