Costa Rica country introduction

Country name: The Republic of Costa Rica

Independence Day: September 15th (1821)

National Day: September 15th (1821)

National flag: rectangular, with the ratio of length to width of about 5: 3. The flag surface is composed of five parallel wide strips, which are blue, white, red, white and blue from top to bottom. The national emblem is painted on the left side of the red part. Blue and white colors come from the colors of the original flag of the Central American Federation, and the red part was added when the Republic of China was established in 1848.

national emblem: it is the coat of arms. There is a rising sun on the shield surface, symbolizing the dawn of a new era; Barba, Irazu and Boaz are located between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. There are two white sailboats sailing on the sea, symbolizing the trade between the country and other countries; The seven white five-pointed stars above represent the seven provinces that make up the country, and the white ribbon above the stars reads "Costa Rica * * * and the country". The upper end of the coat of arms is a blue ribbon with the words "Central America" written in Spanish; On both sides are brown oval leaf patterns, representing the main cash crops such as coffee in the country.

National flower: Catelet Orchid-(Orchid)

Capital: San Jose, with a population of about 1.42 million.

Time: 6 hours later than GMT; It is 14 hours later than Beijing time.

International telephone code: 56

Language: Spanish is the official language

Currency: Costa Rica Colon

National dignitaries: President Oscar Arias Sanchez, elected in March 26 and sworn in in May.

physical geography

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Costa Rica is located in the isthmus of Central America, with the latitude of 1 degrees north; 84 degrees west longitude It is adjacent to the Caribbean Sea in the east and the North Pacific Ocean in the west, with a coastline of 1,29 kilometers (212 kilometers on the east coast of the Caribbean Sea and 1,16 kilometers on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean).

Costa Rica borders Nicaragua in the north (the border is 39 kilometers long) and Panama in the south-southeast (the border is 639 kilometers long). It has a total area of 51,1 square kilometers, including 5,66 square kilometers of territory and 44 square kilometers of territorial waters, which is slightly smaller than West Virginia in the United States and equivalent to Ireland.

The topography of Costa Rica is: the coast is plain, and the middle is isolated by rugged mountains. The country declared its exclusive economic zone to be 2 nautical miles and its territorial sea to be 12 nautical miles. The climate is tropical and subtropical, and some of it is neotropical.

population

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4.27 million (27). The official language is Spanish. 95% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Only a few Indians survived the western invasion in Costa Rica, and now there are only 29, indigenous people, less than 1% of the total population. Black descendants who immigrated from Jamaica in the 19th century constitute a minority of about 96, people with a population of 3%. Costa Rica's mixed-race and pure-bred Europeans account for 94%, and the other 1% are Chinese.

About 1% Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, most of them came into exile during the civil war. The main immigrants are Germans, Poles, Italians and Jews. Nowadays, the number of Indians has increased, mainly due to emigration to Colombia to obtain opportunities for agricultural workers. In addition, the number of Colombians, Panamanians and Peruvians has also increased greatly.

History

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Originally the Indian residence. On September 18th, 152, Columbus discovered Costa Rica. It became a Spanish colony in 1564. It is under the jurisdiction of the viceroy of Guatemala in the Spanish viceroy. Independence was declared on September 15th, 1821. Joined the Central American Federation in 1823 and withdrew from it in 1838. On August 3, 1848, the Republic of China was established.

in the 16th century, the local Mayans and Aztecs were conquered by the Spanish, so Costa Rica became the southernmost province of New Spain, with its capital in Cartago.

Costa Rica temporarily joined Augustine I's Mexican empire, and later became a member of the Central American Union Province. In 1824, the capital moved to San Jose, and Costa Rica became an independent country in the 194s.

Costa Rica has escaped many troubles that have invaded Central American countries. Unlike some of its neighbours, Costa Rica is an example of stability, peace and democratic governance. In the late 19th century, two brief violent activities persecuted the development of democracy. After the civil war in 1948, Costa Rican President José Figueres José Figueres Ferrer announced the dissolution of the army and incorporated it into the Constitution in 1949. Since then, Costa Rica has entered a rare democratic pattern without military intervention.

Politics

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The Constitution enacted in December 1821 stipulates that the President is the head of state and government, elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years, and cannot be re-elected. The House of Representatives is a unicameral system, called the "Legislative Assembly". It is composed of 57 members for a term of four years. The speaker is re-elected once a year. In 195, Costa Rica's constitution stipulated the dissolution of the army, and the absence of an army was a characteristic of this country.

Costa Rica is a democratic republic with a strong system of constitutional checks and balances. The administrative responsibility belongs to the president, who is the power center of the country. The country has two vice presidents and a cabinet of 15 people, including one vice president. The President and 57 members of the Legislative Council are elected for a term of four years. The constitutional amendment approved in 1969 limited the president and members of the Legislative Council to one term. Nevertheless, former legislators can stand for election every other term. At present, some people propose to amend the Constitution so that the President can get a second term. At the same time, some people in the Legislative Council question whether the law prohibiting the President from re-election is unconstitutional. In April 23, after a heated debate, the Legislative Council formally affirmed the legal provisions prohibiting any president from seeking re-election at any time after his term. According to this resolution, Oscar Arias (? Scararias) (winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987), it is unconstitutional to run again in the upcoming government election in 26. Arias is an advocate of free trade. He supports the free trade treaty signed with the United States. The signing of this treaty is extremely controversial, and the intensity of its controversy can lead to a national demonstration. Costa Rica elects members of the Legislative Yuan in a proportional way.

autonomous prefecture organs enjoy considerable operational independence, including the exclusive use of telecommunications and electric energy, the independence of nationalized commercial banks, the monopoly of state insurance, and the independence of social insurance intermediaries.

the governors of seven provinces are appointed by the president, but they have little power. There is no independent legislature in the province. According to the Constitution, Costa Rica has no army, only the police and security forces maintain internal security. Costa Rica is the first country in the world without an army.

administrative divisions

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Costa Rica has seven provinces:

Alajuela (central, northwest of San Jose)

Cartagena, Cartago (central, east of San Jose)

Guanacaste (northwest)

Heredia, heredia (central, north of San Jose) < Along the Caribbean)

Puntarenas Puntarenas (west, along the Pacific Ocean)

San José (near the capital)

Economy

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Costa Rica's economic development level is among the best in Central America, with a per capita GDP of over 4,6 US dollars. Colombia is rich in natural resources, with bauxite reserves of about 15 million tons, iron reserves of about 4 million tons, coal reserves of about 5 million tons and forest coverage of 6, hectares. Its industries are mainly light industry and manufacturing, mainly textiles, instruments, food, wood and chemicals. Agriculture mainly produces traditional products such as coffee, bananas and sugar cane. Costa Rica is the second largest banana exporter in the world, second only to Ecuador. Coffee is the second most important product of Colombian agriculture.

Costa Rica's tourism industry is very developed, and tourism income is one of the main sources of foreign exchange income. Since 199s, tourism has become the most dynamic industry in Colombia. Tourist attractions include Irazu, Mount Boaz and Spanish colonial cultural sites.

Although Costa Rica is still an agricultural country, it has achieved a relatively high standard of living, land ownership has generally expanded, and tourism has flourished.

Costa Rica's economy is mainly tourism, agriculture and export of electronic components, which began to grow rapidly after the economic depression in 1997. Costa Rica is located in the narrow strip of Central America and in the center of America. It has a direct ocean to Europe and Asia and can easily enter the American market.

The rapid economic development of Costa Rica benefits from a seven-year high-tech development plan of the government. Investment in this country is tax-free and the national education is in good condition, which has become a paradise for investment. Many multinational high-tech companies have begun to export their products.

the monetary unit is the Costa Rican krona, and the exchange rate with the US dollar is 45-5, and the exchange rate with the Euro is 6.

culture and education

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Costa Rica has a variety of cultures, which is the cultural intersection of Central America and South America. When the Spanish conquered America in the 16th century, the northern part of Costa Rica was the southernmost territory of Mayan civilization, the central and southern parts were the territory of Chibucha people, and the west coast was inhabited by black slaves trafficked from Africa in the 17th and 18th centuries. At this time, many China laborers came here to build railways.

Costa Rican music includes tambito and punto, which are very unique. For example, "punto guanacasteco" comes from Guanacaste province, while "punto sancarle? O "comes from San Carlos in the province of Alahuila. There are many music and legends from the northern part of Costa Rica (once the Maya's sphere of influence) and the Atlantic coast.

The Colombian government has always attached importance to education. All primary and secondary schools are compulsory, and 12% of the population can receive higher education. The adult literacy rate is 95.8%, and the education level ranks in the forefront of Latin American countries.

Diplomacy

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It pursues a peaceful foreign policy of "positive, non-military and permanent neutrality" and advocates maintaining friendly relations with people all over the world.

Relations with China: On June 1, 27, China and Costa Rica signed the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and Costa Rica, and decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level from the date of signing the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations. In October 27, President Arias will pay a state visit to China.

the two governments established embassies on August 23rd, 27.

China and Costa Rica have long had economic exchanges. Colombian officials announced in February 27 that China has become Costa Rica's second largest trading partner. According to the statistics of China Customs, the bilateral trade volume between the two countries exceeded 2.1 billion US dollars in 26.