What are the natural scenery in Australia?

According to the characteristics of climate, natural landscape and human landscape, Australia can be divided into tropical areas in the north, subtropical areas in the east coast and great watershed, Mediterranean climate areas in the southwest and desert and semi-desert areas in the middle of the mainland.

1. Northern tropical region

The coastal area in northern Australia has a humid tropical climate, but May ~ 10 is a sunny and dry season.

Darwin is the capital of the north of the country. It is a big city in the north and a famous tourist city. British biologist Darwin visited here in 1839, so the city was named after him. It used to be the residence of indigenous people, but it developed rapidly because of the discovery of gold mines in 19 in the 1970s. 1974, severely damaged by hurricane. After reconstruction, it has become this this beautiful city with modern streets and buildings. The climate is hot and rainy, with lush trees and many unique plant species. The east, west and north are surrounded by beautiful golden beaches, where tourists can participate in various water activities and sports. There are China temples and sacred palaces in the city; There is Arrooga Park in the southern suburbs, and there are wild animals unique to the country such as wild dogs, crocodiles and bison. There is a hot spring in the southeast suburb, with many termite mounds as high as 3 meters, each of which can accommodate 2 million ants, which is amazing. The city has an international airport leading to Asia and Europe.

Not far east of Darwin, there is kakadu national park, which is an important tourist attraction. The national park is famous for its natural landscape, indigenous rock painting art and wild animals such as bison, crocodiles and various waterfowl in swamp wetlands, and has now been listed as a world heritage. In order to protect its resources, the construction of hotels has been strictly controlled. Visitors can easily go to the park by boat, bus, car or four-wheeled taxi. Adventure and holiday activities here are popular with people.

2. East Coast and Watershed Subtropical Region This region can be divided into four tourist sub-regions:

1) Northern region. From Rockhampton to Cape York. The tourism here is characterized by coastal tropical rain forest vegetation, offshore Great Barrier Reef and tropical climate. The larger city in this area is Cairns. July ~ 10 is a dry season with less precipitation, which is suitable for tourism. The most prominent of the above features is the world-famous Great Barrier Reef.

The Great Barrier Reef is located in the western part of the Pacific Coral Sea, starting from the Torres Strait in the north and near Fraser Island in the south, stretching for more than 2,000 kilometers along the northeast coast of Australia. The Great Barrier Reef is about 20 ~ 350 kilometers away from the coast, with a total area of 80,000 square kilometers. Coral reefs are formed by the accumulation of calcareous substances secreted by corals and bones. Coral reefs here are distributed along the coast and defend the coast like fortresses, so they are called "barrier reefs". The Great Barrier Reef is not conducive to navigation, but it can carry out many water sports or activities and watch beautiful corals and other underwater creatures underwater, so it has become one of the main tourist areas in Australia. The Great Barrier Reef consists of 600 coral reefs. Underwater corals are colorful and varied, as well as swimming fish, green turtles, crabs and oysters, just like ocean parks. Among the larger islands in 17, the most famous are Green Island and Helen Island, where there are facilities to enjoy the ocean scenery. There is an underwater observation room on Green Island, where you can watch the beautiful and exotic fish and other creatures in the ocean. 1988, near townsville, the world's first "floating hotel" opened (in fact, it is a ship fixed on rocks all the year round). You can take a one-day tour, long-distance tour and diving exploration here. It is estimated that from 65438 to 0986, 500,000 people visited the Great Barrier Reef. Because there are too many tourists, people find that this sensitive ecosystem is greatly threatened. In addition, the Great Barrier Reef is threatened by watching starfish that feed on corals. Therefore, Australia established the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to strictly manage the Great Barrier Reef. The park divides the Great Barrier Reef into several areas, which are managed and utilized in different ways and at different levels. Some areas are strictly protected and can only be used for sightseeing, and destructive activities such as walking, gathering and fishing are not allowed on the barrier reef. There are modern international hotels and luxury hotels near Cairns and larger islands, as well as relatively simple small hotels, which can provide rest and accommodation for tourists.

In the tropical rain forest of this area, several national parks have been established, such as Berendank and Tribelesin National Parks. There is a roaring river here, which is an ideal place for rafting.

There are quite a long coastal areas in this area where tourism has not been developed, but some national parks have been established. Tourism activities can basically be carried out in the dry season. In summer in the southern hemisphere, it often rains heavily here, and poisonous jellyfish will appear in coastal waters, so the main tourist season can only be from May to 10. Therefore, during this period, the northern coast of Queensland became a "winter" tourist destination for tourists from Sydney and Melbourne, but it was a "summer" tourist destination for tourists from the northern hemisphere. There are relatively few overseas tourists visiting here, but Cairns Airport has been expanded to facilitate Japanese, American and European tourists to visit here. In fact, it takes less time to fly here from Tokyo than from Tokyo to Hawaii.

2) Brisbane area. Brisbane, located in the southeast of Australia, is the center of major resorts. Although this part of the Queensland coast can carry out tourism activities all year round, it mainly attracts tourists with winter sunshine. /kloc-During the period from 0/2 to 2/2, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the rainfall is heavy, and it is inconvenient to travel.

The beaches in the middle of the east coast have been developed for a long time, especially the Gold Coast south of Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast north of Brisbane. The Gold Coast is a continuous high-quality beach, about 40 kilometers long. Because the beach is golden, it is named. The climate here is pleasant and sunny, especially dangerous waves, suitable for surfing and water skiing. The most ideal and representative place is the so-called "surfer's paradise". There are many luxury hotels and villas, as well as various entertainment and tourist areas, such as amusement parks, casinos, bars, nightclubs, sea world and some theme parks in the areas where the aborigines lived in their early years. A bird sanctuary covering an area of 20 hectares was established on the coastal beach of Kulum. The Dream Playground covers an area of 84 hectares and includes facilities such as Emmax Theatre with two screens. Ocean World is the largest marine park in the southern hemisphere, and there are many wonderful performances of marine animals such as dolphins in the park. In Mudgiraba, there is a famous Hawes darts factory, which produces a hunting tool used by indigenous people-a "flying device". If it is thrown out, it will not hit wild animals and it will automatically return. This tool reflects the wisdom of indigenous people.

There is a Gata airport in Courand not far from the Gold Coast. It is located 27 kilometers south of Brisbane, and visitors to Sunshine Coast can pass through Brisbane Airport. The tourism development of Sunshine Coast is far less than that of Gold Coast. For example, Noosa is a quiet tourist attraction with a national park nearby, but there are only a few small hotels at present. This tourist resort can play all kinds of water sports.

Japanese tourists are increasingly interested in the Queensland coast. 1988, the Japanese proposed to develop most of the land on the Gold Coast in Queensland. It has invested 800 million dollars. 1987, only 2 15000 Japanese visited Australia, but the number of Japanese tourists arriving in Queensland increased twice as fast as that arriving in Hawaii.

3) Sydney and Melbourne. This is one of the most densely populated areas in Australia. The climate here is humid in winter and dry in summer. Therefore, it can just make up for the lack of climate in Brisbane. Most summer seaside tourism activities can be carried out on the coast of this area; The local beaches can be used for day trips all year round. There are ideal surfing conditions here, but some beaches are dangerous because of strong rapids. Every city in this area is an important tourist center.

Sydney is Australia's largest city, an important port and the capital of New South Wales. Located on the southeast coast of the mainland, with a population of about 3.5 million. The city was founded in 1788, when it was the earliest exile established by Britain in Australia. Now it is an important economic, cultural, financial and trade center of China. The traffic is also very developed, with roads reaching Newcastle in the north, Wollongong in the steel city in the south, and the coal capitals of Portugal and bathurst in the west. There are important international airports and many international and domestic air routes. The city has a mild climate and a beautiful environment. Both natural landscape and human landscape are rich and have their own characteristics. There are many parks and street gardens in the city, with green spaces all over the city and flowers everywhere. There are many rare birds and animals in Telunga Zoo, such as koalas, platypus and kangaroos. There are many bays and beaches by the sea, which is an excellent natural bathing place for water skiing, surfing and other water sports. Among many ancient and modern buildings, the most famous are the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Tower. Sydney Opera House, also known as the Sea Opera House, is Australia's national performing arts center. The building has a strange shape, like a fleet sailing out of the sea, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery. This world-famous building was built in 1973 and has now become the symbol of Sydney. Its designer is joslash utzon, a young Danish architect. Sydney Tower is the tallest building in the southern hemisphere, with a height of 304.8 meters. The tubular tower is 230 meters long. The tower is conical, with 9 floors, 1 and 2 floors are revolving restaurants, and 3 and 4 floors are viewing floors, where you can enjoy the whole city of Sydney. The 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Sydney. 199 1 year, the city received foreign tourists10.5 million person-times, with an average stay of 13 days and daily consumption of 626 Australian dollars.

Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia and the capital of Victoria. The population is about 2.8 million. This city is the birthplace of Australia's earliest pasture and shepherd industry. 185 1 year, a large gold mine was discovered nearby, which dwarfed San Francisco, so it was called "New Golden Mountain". At present, it is a modern city with developed industry, transportation and culture. Talamarin Airport, located in the northwest of the city, is the second largest international airport in China. The city is a garden city with a pleasant climate. Botanical gardens and parks account for 1/4 of the city's area. In the famous Royal Botanical Garden, there are more than 10000 kinds of plants, and 95 trees in the garden were planted by world celebrities such as the Queen of England. In addition to modern high-rise buildings, there are gothic St. Paul's Church, Greek Parliament Building and other ancient buildings. There are many China restaurants and some China archways in Chinatown. A monument was erected in the city to commemorate 1855 the struggle of local workers for the "March 8 system" (8 hours of work, 8 hours of rest and 8 hours of sleep). There are rugged and prominent cliffs in the coastal areas of the city, which are beautiful and spectacular; There are many kinds of wild animals in some parks, such as pelicans, penguins and seals.

The Great Divide is the main mountain range in Australia, extending from Cairns to the east coast of Melbourne. The snowy mountain between Sydney and Melbourne has the highest altitude, and the top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round, so it is called "the roof of Australia". 1949, kosiasco national park was established in this mountain, with an area of 6 134 square kilometers. There is a well-equipped ski resort in Sladpo village in the park, where all kinds of snow-related sports can be carried out all year round. There is an aerial ropeway that can take skiers directly to the starting point of skiing at an altitude of 600 meters. Snow Mountain is also the birthplace of major rivers in Australia, where the famous Daxueshan Water Conservancy Project was built. Lake Okambin behind the dam is the largest reservoir in China, rich in aquatic products and an important tourist attraction. In addition, there are many other national parks distributed along the mountains, which can carry out natural landscape tourism and various holiday activities. These activities can be combined with beach tourism in coastal towns.

The Blue Mountain, 65 kilometers west of Sydney, is a branch of the Great Divide and a tourist attraction. The peaks are towering, the canyons are deep and the trees are lush. It is named after a large number of oil droplets volatilized by trees in autumn are refracted by sunlight to be blue. The climate near Cuttum Ba is pleasant, with rugged rocks and natural attractions such as Three Sisters Peak, Keno Blue Cave, Wentworth Waterfall and birds pecking at rocks. Kenolan Cave is magnificent and deep, with caves, stalagmites, stalactites, stone curtains and other karst caves.

Canberra, the capital of Australia, is located in the mountain basin of the Great Divide. The population is about 250,000. The city is located along the artificial lake behind the barrage. It is a beautiful and prosperous modern city. The city has only a small amount of light industry, but its culture and technology are developed. There is a national library with a rich collection of books and numerous scientific research institutions, and there are satellite tracking stations in the southwest suburbs. There are many open woodlands and parks in cities and suburbs, just like a big garden.

4) Tasmania. Not far from the southeast coast of the Australian mainland, the island is the southernmost territory of the country, so the climate is cooler than other places, with the highest temperature of 2 1℃ in summer and1℃ in winter. The rainfall is abundant and evenly distributed throughout the year. However, the spatial distribution is uneven, with the western mountainous area exceeding 2,500 mm and gradually decreasing to less than 500 mm eastward. The island has a unique English farm landscape, but there are also some uninhabited highlands and wasteland, as well as magnificent waterfalls, deep canyons, towering mountains and beautiful lakes. Hobart, the state capital, has a small area with a population of only 6.5438+0.8 million. It is also a beautiful harbor, but the city and the whole island are not important tourist areas in Australia.

3. Southwest Mediterranean Climate Zone

The west coast of Australia spans several different climatic zones, but it is generally not affected by humid ocean airflow, so it is drier than the east coast, and there is a long section of desert. The Mediterranean climate suitable for tourism is distributed near Perth. The average summer temperature in this area is above 2 1℃ (1February-March), and there is little precipitation. With the increase of rainfall in winter, the temperature can be reduced to 65438 03℃.

Perth is the capital and important port of Western Australia, also known as "Black Swan City", because there are hundreds of black swans in its lake, which has become a symbol of Perth. 1829, prisoners exiled from England came here to open up wasteland. At the end of 19, it developed rapidly due to the discovery of gold deposits in the east. The climate here is very favorable for tourism. Thousands of kilometers of white sand beaches provide people with natural baths. There are also many cultural facilities and office buildings in the city, such as the Art Museum, Perth Opera House and City Hall Building. The traffic is very developed, with roads leading to Darwin in the north and railways leading to Sydney on the east coast.

Perth, with its excellent climate and natural scenery and convenient transportation, is too far away from the densely populated eastern Australia to attract tourists from Sydney and Melbourne beaches. The winter climate in Perth can't be compared with the winter sunshine resort on the east coast of Queensland. Therefore, southwest Australia is one of the few Mediterranean climate zones with underdeveloped tourism in the world. Although it has beautiful beaches that have not been destroyed by human beings, there are a variety of flowers and trees, and there are also very prosperous mining towns in the inland areas not far away.

4. Central "red" arid area

Most of Australia's inland areas are hot desert or semi-desert areas, with annual precipitation below 225mm. There is little surface water, but there is artesian groundwater in many areas because of its abundance. There are more than 20 artesian spring basins, including great artesian basin, murray river Basin, Barkley Basin and Desert Basin, with a total area of 2.7 million square kilometers. At present, well has been drilled10.8 million, providing a large amount of water for people and livestock in inland arid areas. Therefore, the lack of surface water is not a serious limiting factor for the development of tourism.

The natural landscape in this area is characterized by small terrain, open plains and lack of perennial water system. Only some intermittent rivers flow westward from the Great Divide into the salt lakes in inland basins (such as El Lake). Trees are only distributed on both sides of the waterway, and hard herbs and shrubs are distributed elsewhere. Further west, there is a more arid desert, with rock plains, sand dunes and sticky disks alternately distributed. The natural landscape is mainly red, which is formed by iron oxide deposits covering the rock surface. There are a series of mountains on the plain in the geographical center of this area, such as Mount McDonnell, Mount musgrave and Mount Peterman. There are some isolated outcrops (that is, the remains of extremely old mountains) between the mountains in the basin. Among these magnificent isolated rocks, the most famous are Ayers Boulder and Olgas in Lu Lu National Park.

Ayers Rock is the largest independent rock mass in the world, located 350 kilometers west of Alice Spring. 1872, it was first discovered by European Ayers, so it was named after it. The boulder is 348 meters above the surrounding ground, 3000 meters long and 8500 meters around the base. Seen from a distance, it looks like a giant with a smooth surface and no plants growing on it. Rocks are red, but the color changes during the day, sometimes dark and sometimes bright. Due to weathering, many cracks and caves have been formed on the boulder. The local aborigines regard the boulder as the embodiment of God and come here to worship regularly. In some caves, there are ancient murals similar to abstract paintings. Visitors can climb the summit from the west of the boulder and enjoy the magnificent scenery of the vast plain. It's convenient to travel here, and you can get there by bus from nearby Yulala. It has its own airstrip and perfect tourist service facilities, which can provide all kinds of accommodation from luxury hotels with international standards to simple campsites. Although tourists can arrive directly by plane, most people fly to Alice Springs first, and then transfer to the Jura Mountain and Ayers Rock by plane or train. The local climate is hot, but due to the dry air, if tourists pay attention to avoid direct sunlight, tourism activities can be carried out normally.

Alice Springs, located in the mountainous area of mcdonnell, is the seat of Chinese and Australian administrative agencies, the tourist center and the geographical center of the whole country. The climate here is hot, surrounded by red desert. There are19th century radio relay station memorial hall, geyser site and war memorial in the city. There is a 6-meter-high turntable in the art gallery. Standing on it, you can enjoy the strange scenery of the red plain. There is a camel training farm near the city. Its camels can be used by tourists. Every autumn, the city holds a traditional camel race.