Teaching plan for the eighth grade volume 1 "A Journey to Hengshan"

As a hard-working educator, I often have to write lesson plans according to teaching needs. With the help of lesson plans, I can appropriately select and apply teaching methods and mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning. What are the characteristics of excellent lesson plans? Below are the lesson plans for the first volume of the eighth grade "A Journey to Hengshan" that I collected for everyone. They are for reference only. Let's take a look. Lesson Plan 1 of the eighth grade volume "A Journey to Hengshan"

Teaching and Learning Methods

Using block-based teaching: five readings and five speakings - the whole lesson consists of "reading" and "speaking" A series of plates are composed of each other.

Preparation before class: Use your spare time to organize students to carry out a mountaineering activity. Guide students to go to the library or go online to check information about Xu Xiake.

Teaching process

First lesson

(1) Introduction, first reading of the text.

1. The students introduced what I know about Xu Xiake, and the teacher added.

Xu Xiake, a famous geographer and traveler in ancient my country. Living in the late Ming Dynasty, when bureaucratic politics was extremely corrupt and social conflicts were extremely acute. He is an honest and upright person. He did not want to live in the dirty officialdom, so he resolutely put aside fame and wealth, and took it as his lifelong pleasure to seek seclusion in the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland. He traveled to China's famous mountains and rivers, and also wrote down in detail the geology, water sources, products, people's customs, and scenic spots in each place in the form of a diary.

"Xu Xiake's Travels" is a record of his travels and surveys for more than thirty years. It is a famous ancient travelogue. It is also a masterpiece of ancient Chinese geography. It has an important position in the history of geography and has been passed down to the world as a literary treasure. People in the Qing Dynasty praised it as "the most ancient and modern travel notes" and "a true text, a great text, and a strange text in the world."

2. Students read the text, and the teacher checks the preview and solves the problem of recognizing the pronunciation of the characters and understanding the meanings of the characters.

(2) The first teaching module: read the text and talk about the findings.

1. Discover words whose meaning can be understood based on the context.

2. Find words that can be explained by adding words to make them disyllabic.

3. Discover words with different meanings in ancient and modern times.

4. Discover words that are still in use today.

5. Discover the phenomenon of polysemy.

6. Discover the phenomenon of using parts of speech.

(3) The second teaching module: read the text and talk about the translation.

1. Students should read the text again and be required to read smoothly.

2. Students read and translate by themselves.

3. Translation Solitaire (one person translates one sentence according to the number).

4. The teacher reads the text and the students speak the translation.

The second lesson

(1) The third teaching block: read the text and talk about the content.

1. When students read the text again, they should read the importance of the intonation.

2. The teacher guides the students to summarize the meaning of each paragraph and asks the students to speak.

(1) Briefly write down the time and weather of the mountain climbing.

(2) Write in detail the process, scenery and place names of the climb to the top.

(3) Write about the scenery you see from a distance after climbing to the top.

(4) Write about the situation of descending from Xifeng to Feisho Cave.

3. Based on paragraphs 2 and 3, students talk about the places the author passed when he went up the mountain and the scenery he saw on the top of the mountain.

Go up the mountain and pass by Wangxian Pavilion - Hufengkou - "Shuofang No. 1 Mountain" archway - Bedroom - Feisho Grotto - Beiyue Hall - Huixian Terrace. On the top of the mountain, I saw Beishan with "falling cliffs and dense trees", and also saw Hunyuan Prefecture City, with Longquan Mountain to the south, Wutai Mountain on both sides, and Longshan nearby. These mountains are all connected to each other.

4. Students act as tour guides. Use your own language to introduce Hengshan to tourists based on the text content.

(2) The fourth teaching module: reading texts and reviewing sentences.

1. Students are required to read out the scene when reading the text again.

2. Ask students to use the sentence pattern "...describe well, write out..." to write down their feelings about certain words and sentences.

For example: "The wind has cleared away, and the clear blue is as clear as a wash." This sentence is well described, and it shows that the weather on the day when the author climbed Mount Hengshan was a good day with no wind and no clouds.

Another example: "Yu Yi went up bravely, and after a long time the thorns were all gone, he finally reached the top" is well written, describing the hardships of the author climbing Mount Hengshan, and showing Xu Xiake's enterprising spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and having the courage to climb. .

(3) The fifth teaching module: read the text and talk about your feelings.

1. Students read the text again and are asked to read out the emotions.

2. Students prepare to speak on “feelings”. (It can be about your feelings after reading "A Journey to Mount Hengshan", or your own feelings about mountain climbing.)

3. Students speak, and teachers and students comment on each other.

4. Class summary: "A Journey to Mount Hengshan" is a geographer's survey record and a writer's travelogue. The article describes the author's journey to the top of Hengshan Mountain. It shows his spirit of not being afraid of dangers, hardships, and having the courage to explore and practice.

The article changes its shape step by step, and various scenery, place names, and distances are recorded extremely accurately and meticulously, showing the practical spirit of ancient scholars. At the same time, the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland is expressed in the description of the scene.

(4) After-school homework: Make a reading excerpt card of "A Journey to Mount Hengshan". Volume 1 of the eighth grade "A Journey to Hengshan" Lesson Plan 2

Content preview:

23. A Journey to Mount Heng

Teaching objectives:

1 The meaning of content words such as "accumulation", "accumulation" and "accumulation".

2. Clarify the order of the author's travel notes and appreciate the characteristics of his well-organized travel notes.

3. Learn the author’s spirit of not being afraid of hardships and having the courage to climb.

Teaching time arrangement: 1 class hour

Preparation before class:

1. Read the text aloud, so that the pronunciation is accurate and the sentences are read smoothly.

2. With the help of information, understand Xu Xiake and his "Xu Xiake's Travels".

3. Multimedia courseware.

Learning process:

1. Introduction to the conversation:

1. There is such a work, which is a famous ancient travelogue in our country and also a masterpiece of our country. Geography masterpiece. It embodies the author's more than thirty years of travel exploration efforts. This work is "Xu Xiake's Travels", which is known as the ancient book of a wonderful person through the ages. Today we will study an article selected from this work--"A Journey to Hengshan". Multimedia display of author, text and picture information.

2 Introduction to the author

Xu Xiake, a great geographer and traveler in the Ming Dynasty. His name is Hongzu and his courtesy name is Zhenzhi. A native of Nanyangqi, Mazhen, Jiangyin, directly under the direct control of the Ming Dynasty. He was born on November 27, the fourteenth year of Wanli (January 5, 1587), and died on the twenty-seventh of the first month of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (March 8, 1641). He read a lot of books, despised the powerful, gave up his official career, and was determined to investigate the mysteries of the mountains and landforms. During his journey, Xu Xiake continued for thirty years. Every night before resting, he recorded in detail what he saw and heard that day, even in the barren mountains and forests. During the days when I slept in the open, I always kept writing diary next to the campfire, leaning on my baggage. After Xu Xiake's death in 1641 AD, he left a large number of diaries, which were actually records of his geographical expeditions. After his field investigation, he corrected the errors recorded in geography books in the past and discovered geographical phenomena that no one had recorded in the past. For example, ancient geography books said that the Minjiang River was the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. After Xu Xiake's investigation, he found out that the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was not the Minjiang River but the Jinsha River. Another example is when he inspected Daying Mountain in Tengchong, Yunnan, and discovered the relics of a volcanic eruption there. What he investigated most during his travels was karst phenomena. At the Seven Star Rocks in Guilin, he was fascinated by the various stalactites, stalagmites, and stalagmites there. Landforms such as stalactites have been recorded in detail. This is the earliest record of studying karst phenomena in the world. Later, people compiled his diary into a book "Xu Xiake's Travels". This book is our famous ancient travelogue and a valuable document on ancient Chinese geography. This is what he recorded during his thirty years of scientific practice, with his amazing perseverance, keen observation and simple writing. Xu Xiake's spirit of paying attention to practice, not being afraid of hardships and dedicating himself to science has been respected by future generations.

2. Check the pronunciation of the word

Wind shade (yì) clear without climbing (jī) labor Qiú (qiú) pine lingering (yíng) return

Jiefang (fāng) official house (xiè) Shi (shè) level veranda (wǔ) gate

Qiong (qióng) monument climbing (niè) looking up (tiào) Cha (chá) 桠 (yā)

The thorns (jí) that can’t come out for a long time are all broken (duò) and the raging waves (gǔ) can’t come out for a long time.

Overlooking (kàn) the foothills (lù) of Longshan Xigen ( gèn) shoulder to shoulder (mèi)

Xia Zhu (è) the desert is nothing more than (chì) cliff gap (xì)

3. Clear the meaning of the text

1. Read the text and work in groups to complete the learning task of clarifying the meaning of the text.

2. Communicate the difficult issues that arise in the process of clarifying the meaning of the text. Reported by the team leader and supplemented by team members.

3. The full text is divided into four paragraphs:

The first paragraph: Briefly describe the departure time and weather conditions.

The second paragraph: Detailed description of the process of climbing to the top of the mountain reflects the author's spirit of fearlessness and courage to explore. This is the focus of the whole article.

The third paragraph: Write about the surrounding scenery seen from a distance after climbing to the top.

Paragraph 4: Write about the situation of descending from Xifeng to Feisho Cave

4. Collaborative exploration

1. Read the text quickly and mark out the author’s mountain climbing journey place and draw the author’s mountain climbing diagram.

Clearly: The author went up the mountain and passed Wangxian Pavilion, Hufengkou, Shuofang No. 1 Mountain Archway, Bedroom, Feisho Grotto, Beiyue Hall, Huixian Terrace and other places.

The diagram is omitted

2. Underline the sentences that mark the mileage in the text, and think about it, what is the author’s intention in writing this?

Clearly: one mile, another mile, three miles, three miles------

The author writes this way, showing the clear order and well-organized characteristics of the article's travel notes.

3. Read the third paragraph of the article carefully and tell the author’s perspective of observation and the order of describing the scenes.

Clearly: the observation angle is a bird's-eye view, which can be seen from the north-north view of the mountain in the article.

The order of describing the scenery is: write the scenery in the spatial order of north-south-west-east, and from far to near.

Multimedia displays pictures of Hengshan to enhance students’ sensory understanding.

4. Underline the words in the text that describe Xu Xiake’s climb to the summit, and appreciate the spirit he possesses.

Clearly: In the second paragraph of the text, I want to climb to the cliff and reach the top------after a long time, the thorns are gone, and then I can reach the top. This is the text of the author’s journey to the top.

The experience of climbing to the summit fully demonstrated Xu Xiake’s spirit of not being afraid of hardships, hardships, and having the courage to practice and be realistic.

5. Summary:

This article clearly introduces the author's travels, describes the author's journey to the top of Hengshan Mountain, and shows that he is not afraid of dangers and hard work. The essence of courage to explore and practice.

5. Writing characteristics

1. The article has clear ideas.

The scenic spots and geographical locations involved in this travelogue are relatively complex, but there is a clue running through the whole text, which is the travel trace, that is, the order of the author's footprints and sight. We passed through Wangxian Pavilion, Hufengkou, Shuofang No. 1 Mountain Archway, Bedroom, Feisho Grotto, Beiyue Hall, Huixian Terrace and other landscapes in turn and described them one by one. Then write about the difficulty of climbing to the top. Then after climbing to the top, you can look out at the surrounding scenery, which clearly shows the entire mountain system. Finally, write down the mountain scene.

2. The details are appropriate.

The full text is detailed and brief, and handled just right. Briefly write down the departure time and weather conditions, and describe in detail the process of climbing to the top of the mountain. The scenery, place names, and situations between the scenery are all written in extremely detail. The process of climbing to the top is the most detailed, and the feelings of the tourists during the process are described. It's all written down. The process of going down the mountain is described in detail in the section about finding the way down the mountain, and the rest of the process of going down the mountain is covered in one stroke.

3． Observe carefully.

As a traveler who aims to explore landforms, he observes some details wherever he goes more carefully than the average person. For example, the coal exposed in the ground, the color of soil and rocks, etc., are written about each scenic spot, paying special attention to the topography, surrounding environment, etc.

4． Combining science and literature.

The narrative pays attention to reality, faithfully records the scenery seen, and observes meticulously, providing materials for geographical research with scientific rigor. At the same time, the descriptions of the scenery also have their own characteristics and vivid images, such as pine shadows screening the shade, the cliff above, the official mansion below, His Highness's clouds reaching into the sky, the veranda gates above and below, and the dome and monuments all vividly vividly displayed in the pen. The story is vivid in my mind and has a literary image.

6. Migration and Expansion

1. Check the information and explore whether mountains of earth have no trees, but mountains of stone do. There are rocks in the north direction, so the trees are all in the north. The cause of this phenomenon.

2. Use the library to read the entire "Travel Notes of Xu Xiake" and write down reading notes.

7. Summary of classical Chinese words

1 Tongjiazi

Huantonghuan, turn, go around.

Example: Return to the east of Yuedian.

2. Flexible use of parts of speech

1. Adjectives used as nouns

steep: steep, here it means cliff.

Example: Climb up the cliff.

2. Noun used as verb

Room: room, here it means a room.

Example: Leaning in the room is called Huixian Terrace.

Image: Statue, here it means shaping.

Example: Taichung is like a group of immortals.

3. Different meanings in ancient and modern times

But Ancient meaning: only; Modern meaning: But, indicating a turning point.

Example: But I can hook clothes and thorn collars.

So the ancient meaning: from now on; the current meaning: conjunction, indicating inheritance.

Example: So the stone road lingers.

4. Special sentence patterns

1. Judgmental Sentences

Example Sentences: It’s like flying into a grotto.

Also, it is a sign of judging the sentence pattern. Adding it means strengthening the tone.

Translation: It’s the Flying Stone Cave.

2. Inverted sentence

① Object in front

Example: The pines and cypresses at the entrance of the tiger's wind are like a hundred times as much. The object of the tiger's wind outlet is preceded by pines and cypresses.

Translation: It is more than a hundred times bigger than the pines and cypresses at Hufengkou.

②Adverbial postposition

Example: There is a person floating above. The adverbial is placed above and after.

Translation: There is a person floating above.

③Attributive postposition

Example: Looking north, you can see a mountain across the mountain. The attributive of mountain is placed one after the other.

Translation: Looking far to the north, there is a layer of mountains across it.

8. Assign homework

1. Read the text thoroughly.

2. It is recommended to read "Xu Xiake's Travels". Lesson Plan 3 of the eighth grade volume "A Journey to Hengshan"

1. Teaching objectives

(1) Correctly understand the meaning of the full text with the help of annotations.

(2) In the process of reciting, cultivate students’ reading comprehension ability of ancient travel prose.

(3) Understand the natural and cultural landscape of Hengshan, inspire students’ lofty patriotic enthusiasm, and learn the practical spirit of ancient scholars.

2. Class Arrangement 2 Lessons

3. Teaching Process

1st Lesson

(1) Introduction of New Lessons

In the history of travel literature in my country, although there are famous works such as Liu Zongyuan's "Eight Notes of Yongzhou", Fan Dacheng's "Shihu Jushi Jiluan Record" and Lu You's "Entering Shu", their content also describes the motherland. The magnificent mountains and rivers, but when it comes to the specificity of the tour, the length of the itinerary, the huge length and the richness of the content, "Xu Xiake's Travels" is the best book of its kind. It is both a scientific work and a true literary travelogue. It has always been highly praised in the history of Chinese literature. Qian Qianyi in the Qing Dynasty called it "the true writing, the great writing, the strange writing in the world". Today, let us follow Xu Xiake’s footsteps and linger among the mountains and rivers of Beiyue Hengshan Mountain.

(2) Read the text aloud

1. Students read the full text by themselves and read the pronunciation of the words with the help of the annotations under the book.

2. Teacher’s model reading, students can read along softly.

3. For the second and third paragraphs in the text that are more difficult to read, the teacher will lead the reading and the students will follow.

4. Ask a student with a basic intermediate level to read the full text aloud, and other students to listen and read, and mark the areas where the pronunciation is inaccurate. After listening and reading, the students correct the pronunciation.

5. Read the whole text together and pronounce the words correctly.

(3) Understand the meaning of the text

1. Students use the annotations in the book and the help of the reference book to translate the full text orally and mark the difficult-to-translate parts, which can be combined with other Classmates exchange and discuss.

2. Students raise questions in class by marking difficult parts of the translation. The student or teacher answers.

3. With a preliminary understanding of the full text, read the full text and think about the main content of each paragraph.

4. Summarize the content of each paragraph and clarify the ideas of the whole text.

Clear: The first paragraph briefly outlines the departure time and weather conditions.

The second paragraph details the process of going up the mountain to the top.

The third paragraph writes about the scenery seen from a distance after climbing to the top.

The fourth paragraph describes the descent from Xifeng to Feisho Cave.

(4) Assignments

1. Read the full text aloud to consolidate the understanding of the text, imagine yourself as Xu Xiake or a tour guide, and introduce your experience of visiting Hengshan Mountain according to the content of the text. speech.

2. In a study group, prepare an introduction to Xu Xiake and his travel notes after class.

Second lesson

(1) Check reading

Ask a student to read the full text to check whether the reading requirements of the previous lesson are met, and to help other students recall Full text content.

(2) Check the translation

Ask two or three students to introduce the experience of visiting Hengshan to their classmates and teachers based on the text as Xu Xiake or a tour guide. When other students listen and read, they will pay attention to whether what the student says is different from the text, and mark the main tourist attractions in the textbook.

(3) Timely correction

In response to the speech made by "Xu Xiake" or "tour guide" just now, the teacher, on the basis of affirmation, asked the students to find out the deficiencies or errors based on the text. , to be corrected. While guiding students to understand the meaning of the text, teachers can also give timely guidance on the tone and voice of students' speeches.

(4) Find out the travel route

Combined with the "thinking and practice" after class, find out the author's travel route, further understand the familiar text, and perceptually understand some characteristics of the travel notes.

Clearly: Go up the mountain and pass by Wangxian Pavilion, Hufengkou, "Shuofang No. 1 Mountain" archway, dormitory, Feisho Grotto, Beiyue Hall, Huixian Terrace and other places. On the top of the mountain, I saw "collapsed cliffs and shadowy trees" in the north, Hunyuan City, Longquan Mountain in the south, Wutai Mountain in the west, and Longshan nearby. Go down the mountain from the west peak to the top of the dangerous cliff behind the palace, pass by pines and cypress trees, and go from the gap in the cliff to the Feisheng Grotto.

(5) Learning spirit

Read the full text aloud, and after reading, guide students to understand the author’s spirit from some sentences. This travel note is full and full, not only the mountain scenery is fully displayed in the pen, but also It vividly depicts the hard work of mountaineers, such as "I want to reach the dangerous cliff in the rest of the time, and... I just climbed to the top." It describes Xu Xiake's spirit of not being afraid of hardships, dangers, hard work, and having the courage to practice and seek truth.

(6) Exchange of materials

The teacher selected representatives of some study groups to come to the podium to exchange and introduce materials about Xu Xiake and his travel notes.

Supplementary information: 1. Xu Xiake (1586 AD - 1641 AD), named Hongzu, courtesy name Zhenzhi, and nicknamed Xiake, was a native of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Xu Xiake was born in a family of officials for generations. Since he was a child, he "has been particularly curious about books. He has read extensively about ancient and modern historical books, geographical records, mountain and sea illustrations, and all traces of great achievements. Every time he secretly reads and plays with scriptures, his spirit comes to life." After failing the examination, he was determined to escape from the imperial examination. Shackles, immersed in ancient and modern historical books and maps, yearning for an investigative career of "asking about the wonders of famous mountains and rivers". After extensive reading and independent thinking, he disregarded the ridicule of heresy and resolutely raised doubts about the Illustrated Classics and Chronicles, and also criticized the "Yu Gong" which has been regarded as a classic since ancient times. In order to inspect the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, I started traveling since I was 22 years old. For more than thirty years, he traveled east to Putuo, traveled to Yanji in the north, traveled to Fujian and Guangdong in the south, climbed to the top of Taihua in the northwest, and reached the border of Yunnan and Guizhou in the southwest. He traveled to Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Sixteen provinces including Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places. It wasn't until he fell seriously ill at the age of 55 that he was escorted back to his hometown by the prefect of Lijiang, Yunnan. He died of illness the next year.

2. "Xu Xiake's Travels" uses a diary style to record in detail Xu Xiake's travels and observations throughout his life. Excluding the lost ones, there are currently more than 600,000 preserved texts, and their content is very rich, ranging from the investigation of the origins of mountains and rivers, topography and landforms, to the search for rocks, caves, waterfalls, and hot springs; from the ecology of animals and plants The comparison of varieties, the records of minerals, handicrafts, settlements, and prices; the observation of people's customs, the concern for ethnic relations, and border defense... all fully demonstrate that he has experienced arduous practice and produced fruitful scientific results. . "Xu Xiake's Travels" is both a scientific work and a veritable literary travelogue. As a faithful record of Xu Xiake's exploration of the mysteries of mountains and landforms, it reproduces the various forms of nature's rain, fog, sunshine, and darkness, and the various arrangements of mountains, water, trees, and rocks in Xu Xiake's writing, integrating his great love for the motherland everywhere. The infinite affection of rivers and mountains.

(7) Assign homework

After class, check Xu Xiake's "Diary of a Travel to Yandang Mountain (Part Two)" and Qiao Yu's "Travel to Hengshan" in the Ming Dynasty, and try to compare the content and expression of this article. Make some comparisons.