Five Best Tour Guides in Wuhou Temple

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a guide to Wuhou Temple

Wuhou Temple is a ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang was a marquis of Wuxiang before his death, and posthumous title was loyal to Wuhou after his death. Later generations honored him as Wuhou.

Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the only temple in China where both monarch and minister worship together. It was built in 223 AD and Liu Bei was buried in Huiling. According to the Han system, there must be a temple next to the mausoleum, so after Liu Bei was buried in Huiling, the original temple dedicated to Liu Bei was built by Shu Han at that time. (The original temple was a temple dedicated to the emperor next to the mausoleum of the emperor. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, people generally called Liu Bei's original temple the first temple. Because there are three main buildings in the existing Wuhou Temple, two of them have appeared since Liu Bei's death, so Liu Bei buried Huiling as the beginning of Chengdu Wuhou Temple. ) In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wuhou Temple was built not far from Huiling and the ancestral temple. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Wuhou Temple became a famous historical site and tourist attraction, and Du Fu left a description of "where is the temple of the famous Premier and in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk". In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Chun, the king of Shu, thought that "the monarch and ministers should be integrated", so he merged Wuhou Temple and the ancestral temple into one, commonly known as the "Han Zhaolie Temple". In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the temple was destroyed by war. The Temple of Wuhou, which I saw on this day, was rebuilt on the old site in the 11th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1672).

Although the official has always called it "Han Zhaolie Temple", a horizontal plaque of "Han Zhaolie Temple" is hung at the gate. But people are still used to calling it Wuhou Temple. Why? A poem written by Zou Lu in the Republic of China tells the reason: "Zhaolie Temple, a big book, is the temple of marquis of Wu. From the famous position to lose the meritorious service, the prime minister's work is high for a hundred generations. " In other words, because of Zhuge Liang's great historical achievements, his prestige in the hearts of the people surpassed that of Liu Bei, and people could not care about the etiquette of respecting the monarch and the minister.

From the introduction and plan sketch on the left side of the gate, it can be seen that Wuhou Temple is hidden in the dense cypress, and the temple sits north to south, which is arranged on a central axis, with five layers: the gate, the second gate, the Liu Bei Hall, the Guoting Hall and the Zhuge Liang Hall, and the Liu Bei Mausoleum on the west side. Huiling. There are 47 clay statues of historical figures of Shu and Han in Qing Dynasty, more than 5 steles, more than 6 plaques, and more than 1 ding, stoves, bells and drums. Therefore, to be exact, Wuhou Temple should be called the Memorial Hall of Shu Han, which is a museum to study the history of Shu Han.

Wuhou Temple Guideline II

Wuhou Temple is a ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in China during the Three Kingdoms period, and it was named after Zhuge Liang's being named the marquis of Wuxiang before his death.

In August 234, Zhuge Liang died of illness from overwork in Wuzhangyuan (about 2km south of Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, was named "Hou of Wuxiang" before his death (Hou of Wuxiang was a title in Han Dynasty, from bottom to top, Tinghou, Hou of Xianghou, Hou of County, and Guan Yu conferred the title of Tinghou of Hanshou). After his death, he was chased as "loyal Wuhou" by Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu Han, so his temple was honored as "Wuhou Temple" in history. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is "the first Wuhou Temple in the world". Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jingyao (AD 263). The location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is the old address of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" when he went to Hanzhong for the Northern Expedition.

At present, the most influential temple is Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, which is located on the west side of Nanmen Bridge in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units (in 1961) and the first batch of first-class museums, attracting millions of tourists every year and enjoying the reputation of the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms. In addition, there are Wuhou Temple in Mianxian, Shaanxi, Wuhou Temple in Nanyang, Wuhou Temple in Gulong, Xiangfan, Wuhou Temple in Baidicheng, Fengjie, Chongqing, Wuhou Temple in Baoshan, Yunnan and Wuhou Temple in Qishan, Lixian, Gansu. In addition, there are Zhuge Temple in Wuzhangyuan, Qishan, Shaanxi Province, built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Palace (formerly Pu Yin, Hubei Province, now renamed chibi city) built in the Ming Dynasty, and Huangling Temple (Yichang, Hubei Province) built during the Jian 'an period. Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple, which contains Zhuge Liang's spirit tablet. In recent years, Lanxi Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple has gradually gained fame, and its influence is growing day by day.

Wuhou Temple Guideline III

Chengdu Wuhou Temple, located in Wuhou Temple Street, the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is the only temple in China where the monarch and the minister jointly worship. It is composed of Wuhou Temple, Han Zhaolie Temple and Huiling, and people are used to calling them Wuhou Temple. Chengdu Wuhou Temple was built in 223 AD when Huiling was built. Among them, Wuhou Temple was built before the Tang Dynasty, and was adjacent to the Han Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei was sacrificed. When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged, which formed a pattern of joint worship of monarch and minister, and the ancestral temple and cemetery were integrated. Except Huiling, the main building of the existing temple was rebuilt in 1672 during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. In 1961, Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Established in 1984, the museum was awarded the first batch of national first-class museums in 28, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum is divided into three sections, namely, the Three Kingdoms Historic Site Area, the West Area and the Jinli Folk Area, covering an area of 15, square meters. In 26, Wuhou Temple was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction, and it is the most influential museum of the Three Kingdoms relics in the world.

Wuhou Temple Guideline IV

Introduction to Wuhou Temple:

Chengdu Wuhou Temple, located in Wuhou Temple Street, the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is the only temple in China where the monarch and the ministers jointly worship. It is composed of Wuhou Temple, Han Zhaolie Temple and Huiling, and people are used to calling them Wuhou Temple. Chengdu Wuhou Temple was built in 223 AD when Huiling (Liu Bei's mausoleum) was built. Among them, Wuhou Temple (Zhuge Liang's special temple) was built before the Tang Dynasty, and it was adjacent to the Han Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty) was sacrificed. When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged, which constituted a pattern of the worship of the monarch and the minister, and the ancestral temple and the cemetery were integrated. Except Huiling, the main building of the existing temple was rebuilt in 1672 during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. In 1961, Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Established in 1984, the museum was awarded the first batch of national first-class museums in 28, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum is divided into three sections, namely, Three Kingdoms Historical Relics Area (Cultural Relics Area), West Area (Three Kingdoms Cultural Experience Area) and Jinli Folk Custom Area (Jinli), covering an area of 15, square meters. In 26, Wuhou Temple was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction, and it is the most influential museum of the Three Kingdoms relics in the world.

History

Huiling Temple and Zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty were built in Zhangwu, Shu Dynasty (223), and Wuhou Temple was built by Li Xiong, Cheng Han Dynasty (33? Built in 334, it was originally located in Shaocheng, Chengdu. Wuhou Temple moved in during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Huiling, Zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty and Wuhou Temple were merged, and Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were enshrined in one hall. Shu people used to call them Wuhou Temple. The existing building of Wuhou Temple was built in the 11th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1672).

architecture

Wuhou Temple is divided into two halls, namely Zhaolie Temple (Zhaolie Hall and Liubei Hall) in front, Wuhou Temple (Zhongwu Hall and Zhuge Liang Hall) in the back, and the front is high and the rear is low. There are statues of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in the East-West Pian Hall. The east and west corridors are civil and military corridors, with 28 statues of civil and military officials, and there are many plaques inside and outside the hall. Among them, Zhao Fan's attack on the heart is the most famous: "If you can attack the heart, you will be self-defeating. From ancient times, you know that soldiers are not belligerent. If you don't judge the situation, you will be lenient and strict, and you will have to think deeply later. " There are six stone tablets in the cypress grove behind the gate of Wuhou Temple, written by Pei Du, Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty, written by Liu Gongchu and engraved by LuJian, a stonemason, which is called "Three Wonders Monument" for later generations. There are many cypresses in Wuhou Temple and the atmosphere is solemn and solemn.

Wuhou Temple Guideline 5

Chengdu Wuhou Temple is located in Wuhou Temple Street, the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only temple in China where the monarch and ministers jointly worship, and it is composed of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Shu Han monarch and ministers jointly worship the temple and Huiling. Liu Bei's Mausoleum was built in 223 AD. It has been damaged and changed several times for more than a thousand years. Wuhou Temple (referring to Zhuge Liang's special temple) was built before the Tang Dynasty, and was initially adjacent to Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty) was sacrificed. When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged into "Hanzhaolie Temple" to form the existing Wuhou Temple.

The main building of the existing Wuhou Temple was rebuilt in 1672 during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (the 11th year of Kangxi), enjoying the reputation of "the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple is now divided into three parts, namely, the cultural relic area (the historical site area of the Three Kingdoms), the garden area (the cultural experience area of the Three Kingdoms) and Jinli (the folk custom area of Jinli), covering an area of about 15, square meters. Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the main scenic spot in China to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han Dynasty, and also a major tourist attraction in Chengdu. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the most influential museum of the Three Kingdoms relics in China, and it is most famous for its "Three Musts" in literature, books and engravings.

The plaque at the gate of Wuhou Temple is "Han Zhaolie Temple". Among the shady trees in the gate, Liutong Stone Monument stands, with a stele gallery on each side, the largest of which is in the stele gallery on the east side. In the Tang Dynasty, it was built in the fourth year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (AD 89), which has high cultural value and is a national first-class cultural relic. Because of its excellent writing, calligraphy and engraving skills, it is called the "Three Wonders Monument". Pei Du, the famous prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, Liu Gongzhuo, the calligrapher (the brother of Liu Gongquan), and LuJian, the famous craftsman, all wrote the inscription, all of which came from famous artists, so they were called the Three Wonders Monument by later generations.

Tourism features

Introduction of scenic spots in Wuhou Temple:

① The plaque at the gate is "Han Zhaolie Temple". Among the shady trees in the gate, there stands the Liutong Stone Monument Chengdu Wuhou Temple, with a stele gallery on each side, the largest of which is in the east side of the stele gallery. It was built in the Tang Dynasty as the "Monument of Zhuge Wuhou, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties" and in the fourth year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (AD 89). It has high cultural value and is a national first-class cultural relic. It is called the "Three Wonders Monument" because of its excellent writing, calligraphy and engraving skills. Pei Du, the famous prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, Liu Gongzhuo, the calligrapher (the brother of Liu Gongquan), and LuJian, the famous craftsman, all wrote the inscription, all of which came from famous artists, so they were called the Three Wonders Monument by later generations. The inscription made a key comment on Zhuge Liang's life; I tried my best to praise Zhuge Liang's integrity and martial arts, so as to inspire the rulers in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription praised Zhuge Liang's thought of the rule of law. Ma Su was beheaded and executed by Zhuge Liang because he lost his street pavilion. Ma Su cried and said that he died without complaint. Li Yan and Liao Li are both sinners exiled by Zhuge Liang, but they are also willing to plead guilty. When they learned that Zhuge Liang had died of illness, they "felt pain, or cried or died." These are historical facts, which Pei Du commented on according to the history. It is convincing that the inscriptions are very incisive throughout and the writing is smooth, which makes people never tire of reading. Zhuge Liang is admired by later generations because he has noble thoughts and style and does not use his power for personal gain.

② Liu Bei Dian

Behind the second gate is Liu Bei Dian, which is a single-eave, mountain-resting building. In the middle is a gilded statue of Liu Bei, and on the left is his grandson Liu Chen. It is said that his son Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu and Han Dynasties, was unable to keep the inheritance because of his fatuity and incompetence. His statue was destroyed several times in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and has not been remolded since. When Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu Han Dynasty, fell to Wei, his son Liu Chen went to Liu Bei's grave to cry and worship, and killed his family before committing suicide. On both sides of the temple, there are statues of Guan Yu, his son and Zhou Cang in the east, and three generations of statues of Zhang Fei, his grandparents and grandchildren in the west. On both sides of the east and west corridors, there are 14 statues of Shu Han civil servants and military commanders respectively. On the east side, the civil servant Langfang is headed by Pang Tong, and on the west side, the military commander gallery is led by Zhao Yun. Zhuge statue in Wuhou Temple

③ Zhuge Liang Hall

Behind Liu Bei Hall, there are several steps down (Wuhou Temple is lower than Zhaolie Temple in Han Dynasty, symbolizing the relationship between monarch and minister in ancient times). Zhuge Liang statue in Wuhou Temple is like a hall with a plaque of "Wuhou Temple". Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang was named "Wuhou Hou" before his death, and posthumous title was "loyal to the martial arts" after his death, so the ancestral temple to commemorate him is called "Wuhou Temple". Zhuge Liang's Hall is hung with a plaque of "Famous Hanging Universe", on both sides of which is a book "Attacking the Heart" written by Zhao Fan of Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack the heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not belligerent; If you don't judge the situation, you will be lenient and strict, and then you should think deeply. " The couplet is a well-known couplet. By analyzing and summarizing the success and failure of Zhuge Liang, Shu Han regime and Liu Zhang regime, it reminds future generations to learn from the experience and lessons of predecessors when governing Shu and the country, and to pay attention to "attacking the heart" and "judging the situation" individually. The main hall is dedicated to the statues of Zhuge Liang's three generations. In the middle of the hall, there is a gilded statue of Zhuge Liang wearing a nylon scarf and holding a feather fan. It is said that the bronze drums on three sides in front of him were made when Zhuge Liang led his troops to the south, and they were called "Zhuge Drum". There are exquisite patterns on the drums, which are precious historical relics. The top beam of the main hall is made of ebony, and Zhuge Liang wrote to his son Zhuge Zhan's "Commandments Book" that "you can't achieve your ambition unless you live in seclusion, and you can't achieve your lofty ideal unless you despise worldly fame and fortune". Zhuge Zhan and his son were killed in Mianzhu's battle against Wei general Deng Ai.

④ Liu Bei's Tomb

On the west side of Zhuge Liang Temple is Liu Bei's Tomb, which was called "Huiling" in history. Zhuge Liang personally chose the treasure land and buried Liu Bei here. "reflection"? The biography of the late Lord records: "In August, Huiling was buried". According to the "burial law", "love the people and love them, yue? Hui? " , hence the name Liu Bei's Tomb called "Huiling". Liu Bei's two wives, Gan and Wu, were also buried in the mausoleum. In front of Liu Bei's tomb, there is a stone tablet of the "Tomb of Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty" erected during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. The mausoleum building consists of zhaobi, fenced gate, Shinto and sleeping hall. A smaller Shinto was built in front of the mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty. Huiling, like the main buildings of Wuhou Temple, faces south, next to the Han Zhaolie Temple and the west side of Wuhou Temple. There is a red wall between it and Wuhou Temple. There are many calligraphy and paintings and couplets in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, among which Longzhong Dui written by Shen Yinmo, a modern calligrapher, is the most striking. Wuhou Temple also has a stone carving of Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" written by Yue Fei (there has always been controversy about the authenticity of this, and there is a saying that the former and the latter two watches were actually written in the name of Yue Fei by Bai Lin, a scholar of Ming Dynasty)

⑤ Southern Suburb Park

The west side of Huiling was originally a southern suburb park, and it was merged into Wuhou Temple Garden Area in 23. Nanjiao Park was originally the cemetery of Liu Xiang, chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Government of the Kuomintang of the Republic of China. It was renovated and turned into a park in 1953, and successively built buildings such as the gate of the relief stone archway, the Jingzhongmen, the stele pavilion, the Jianxin Hall and the tomb of Liu Xiang. Jinli, on the east side of Wuhou Temple, was restored by Wuhou Temple Museum. Jinli is an ancient street with architectural style in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Relying on Wuhou Temple, it expands the extension of the culture of the Three Kingdoms, and integrates with the folk customs of western Sichuan, integrating eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and becomes a new highlight of Chengdu's cultural tourism. The second phase of Jinli was also opened before the Spring Festival in 29, and the second phase of Jinli boldly introduced water into Jinli circulation, forming a new landscape of "waterfront Jinli".