Natural conditions of the Central South Economic Cooperation Zone

Understand the general situation of regional geography in Wuling area

Since 2004, leaders of relevant departments in the State Council, led by the CPPCC, have participated in four consecutive symposiums and put forward "Suggestions on Accelerating the Economic Development of Ethnic Areas in Wuling Mountain Area". It is suggested that the State Council should take Wuling mountain area as a complete plate into the overall national development plan and build a "Great Wuling Economic Circle". According to the knowledge formed in the "Symposium on Economic and Social Development in Ethnic Areas in Wuling Mountain Area" organized by China People's Political Consultative Conference, there are five similarities in Wuling Mountain Area: First, mountains come down in one continuous line. With Wuling Mountain as the center, it is a complete natural geographical unit. Second, water is homologous. There are four major water systems: Shui Yuan, Lishui, Qingjiang and Wujiang. Third, people have the same customs. Most of them are inhabited by ethnic minorities. The fourth is the similar economy. Wuling mountain area is the largest poverty-stricken minority area in China, and most of them belong to national and provincial poverty-stricken counties. There are many poor people, deep poverty, weak ability to get rid of poverty and strong desire to get rid of poverty. Fifth, cultural homogenization. It is a unique "cultural deposition area" in China.

1

(A) the evolution of Wuling area.

The first administrative division of Wuling area is Qianzhong County and Chu. During the Qin Dynasty, there was another county in central Guizhou. In Han Dynasty, Qianzhong County was changed to Wuling County. The county seat is located in Yiling County, which is now Xupu County. Wuling county * * * governs 13 county. According to "Hanshu", "Wuling County, the place where the emperor concentrated ... County 13: Suo, the water gradually flowed eastward into Yuan. Liling is called "Lu Heng". Forest garden, mangyuan. Yuanling, Mang Yuan Yue Road. Tancheng, Kanggu water flows southward into the sea. Yushan leaves the pool, enters the depression east, passes through the second county, and travels 720 miles. There is no sun, no water, and the first one to suffer is Jialan, who went south to Yuan, 800 li. Move to the mausoleum, move to the ground. Morning sun, three valleys, morning water, south into the yuan, 750 miles, Mangting. Youyang, Yiling, Liangshan, the order of water, the west into Yuan, Mang Yue Jianping. Lushan Mountain, zero yang and worship. " [1] During the Western Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Wuling County was as follows:

1. Suo County: The county is located in Dingcheng District, Changde City, Hunan Province, including Wuling District and the northeast of Dingcheng District, Hanshou County and Yuanjiang City.

2. Yiling County: The county is under the jurisdiction of public security county in Hubei Province, including Anxiang, Jinshi, Lixian, Huarong and Yueyang counties in Hunan Province.

3. Linyuan County: This county belongs to Changde City, Hunan Province, including Wuling District, Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County. "Notes on Water Classics" states: "Shui Yuan is in the east, facing Yuan Xian County in the south, and Shui Yuan in the south. Because of its name ... the county governs Wuling County ". [2]

4. Yuanling County: This county belongs to Yuanling County of Hunan Province, including Yuanling County, luxi county, Jishou City, Yongshun County and Mayang County.

5. Kancheng County: This county is located in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, including hongjiang city, Hongjiang District, Huitong County, Jingzhou County, Tongdao County and Suining County.

Wuyang County: This county is located in Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, including Zhijiang County, Xinhuang County, Hecheng District, Wanshan Special Zone, Yuping County, Cengong County, Sansui County, zhenyuan county and Shibin.

7. Ganling County: The county governs Sifang City, Baojing County, Hunan Province, including Baojing County, Songtao County, Xiushan County and Youyang County. Liye Qin bamboo slips said: "Move the mausoleum to Dongting for mailing."

8. Chenyang County: This county is located in Chenxi County, Hunan Province, including Chenxi County, Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Hecheng District, Zhong Fang County, Mayang County, tongren city County, jiangkou county County and Shiqian County.

9. Youyang County: This county is located in furong town, Yongshun County, Hunan Province, including Yongshun County, Guzhang County, Longshan County, Xiushan County, Youyang County, Qianjiang District, Pengshui County, Dejiang County, Sinan County, Yinjiang County, Yanhe County, Wuchuan County and Daozhen County. According to Old Tang Book, "Pengshui, Hanyang County, belongs to Wuling County ... Wuchuan, [Si] State, Hanyang County, belongs to Wuling County." [3]

10, Yiling County: This county belongs to Xupu County, Hunan Province, including Xupu County.

1 1. Washan County: This county is located in Duzhenwan Town, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province, including parts of Changyang County, Wufeng County and Hefeng County.

12, Zero Yang County: The county is located in Zero Yang Town, Cili County, Hunan Province, including Cili County, Yongding County, Shimen County, Linli County and a part of Lixian County. "Old Tang Book" contains: "Cili in Han Dynasty was originally named as Zero Yang County, and Sui changed Zero Yang to Cili County." [4]

13. Chongxian County: The county governs the ancient dike in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, including Yongding County, Wulingyuan District, Sangzhi County, northwest of Cili County, south of Hefeng County, laifeng county, Xuanen County (south of Dongmengguan) and some areas of Xianfeng County.

After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuling County moved to Linyuan County, located in Wuling District, Changde City, Hunan Province. According to "Were" "Wuling County ... Twelve Cities. Forty-six thousand six hundred and seventy-two, population 259,130. Linyi; Hanshou, therefore Suo, was renamed in the third year of Yangjia (134) and was under the jurisdiction of the secretariat; Liling; Zero yang; Charge; Yuanling, there is a pot head first; Chen Yang; Youyang; Move the tomb; Cheng cheng; Yuannan, Jianwu twenty-six years (fifty years); Make Tang. " [5] After Battle of Red Cliffs, Shu occupied Wuling County. Later, Wuling County belonged to Wu.

In the Jin Dynasty, Wuling County was still established. According to the Book of Jin, there are 14,000 households in 10 counties in Wuling County and Han Family. Linyi, Longyang, Hanshou, Fuling, Fuyang, Fuyang, Yucheng, Weinan, Ganling and Wuyang. " [6] During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wuling County was established by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen.

Sui changed Wuling County to "Langzhou". In the third year of Yang Di Daye (607), Langzhou was renamed Wuling County. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Wuling County originally belonged to "Shannan Road". According to "Old Tang Book", "Langzhou Xia, Sui Wuling County. Wude four years, Xi 'an, Langzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), it was changed to Wuling County. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Langzhou was restored. " [7]

It can be seen that Wuling County was founded in the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC) and abandoned in the first year of Emperor Taizong's Gan Yuan (758).

(2) scientifically define the geographical scope of Wuling area.

According to the principle of "connecting regions and enjoying the policy of national autonomous areas", scientifically define the geographical scope of Wuling area. "Wuling area" is not only the concept of administrative division in history, but also the concept of physical geography in reality. Its name comes from three aspects: first, from the perspective of physical geography, the word "Wuling Mountain" comes from Wuling Mountain and is a concept of physical geography. Wuling Mountain ranges from Wu Yun in Guiding County, Guizhou Province in the west to Hefu in Wuling District, Hunan Province in the east. It is the transition area of China's natural division from the second-level Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the third-level southeast hills, occupying the northwest of Hunan Province, the southwest of Hubei Province, the southeast of Chongqing City and the northeast of Guizhou Province. The mountain system extends to the northeast and becomes a traffic barrier between east and west. Wuling Mountain is divided into three branches from north to south: Bamian Mountain, Badagong Mountain, Qinglong Mountain, Dongshan Mountain and Huping Mountain are the northern branches distributed in the border of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou; The middle branch extends along the north side of Lishui main stream, including Tianxing Mountain, Hongxing Mountain, Chaotian Mountain, Zhangjiajie, Tianzi Mountain, Suoxiyu and Baiyun Mountain. The south branch extends from Wuyun Mountain in Miao Ling, Guizhou Province, and enters Hunan with the main veins of Wuling Mountain, such as Laer Mountain, Yangfeng Mountain, Tianmen Mountain, Wulei Mountain, Dalongshan Mountain and Liutai Mountain. All the above three mountains disappeared in Dongting Lake Plain. "Cihai" said: "Wuling Mountain is in the northwest of Hunan Province, at the junction of Hubei and Guizhou provinces. Northeast-southwest, Wujiang River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River Basin. The altitude is about 1000 meters, and the main peak of Fan Jing is in the north of jiangkou county, Guizhou. " The Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Geographical Names in China published by the Commercial Press records: "Wuling Mountain, from the branch of Miao Ling, Guizhou, between Yuan and Liang rivers, between Yuan and Li rivers in northwest Hunan, is more than 6,000 feet high and ends at Pingshan, west of Changde (called Wuling Mountain in Jiaqing annals of Qing Dynasty), commonly known as Wuling Mountain." Wuling Mountain, located in Hefu Town, Wuling District, Changde City, now known as Hefu Mountain, is the remaining vein of Wuling Mountain, extending from Gaowu Mountain in Taoyuan County. It can be seen that Shimen County, Taoyuan County and other counties in the northwest of Changde City belong to Wuling Mountain System. Therefore, Wuling area covers Changde City, Zhangjiajie City, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Huaihua City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yichang City, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Qianjiang District, Pengshui Miao Autonomous County, Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, Tongren District of Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Zunyi City, etc. Secondly, from the historical evolution, Wuling is an administrative division concept. There is the word "Wuling" in Liye Qin bamboo slips. After the establishment of Wuling County, the word "Wuling" became the name of administrative division. "CiHai? The geographical volume defines the scope of Wuling County. " Wuling, county name, Emperor Han Gaodi. Governance is in Yiling. The jurisdiction is equivalent to Changyang, Wufeng, Hefeng and Laifeng counties in Hubei, Yuanjiang Valley in Hunan, and Sanjiang and Longsheng in Guangxi. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to the forest garden. Since then, the jurisdiction has gradually narrowed. Sui Huangkai was abolished for nine years, and Daye, Tang Tianbao and Zhide changed Langzhou to Wuling County. "Therefore, since the establishment of Wuling County in the Han Dynasty, Wuling area has been a complete historical and geographical unit. Thirdly, from the reality, the political and academic circles have regarded "Wuling area" as a natural geographical unit. As early as the 1980s, the relevant state departments divided Wuling Mountain into one of the eighteen contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China. In the following years, Wuling region held several county (city) government meetings, ethnic committee meetings and tourism bureau meetings in the adjacent areas of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou to create a "Great Wuling Tourism Circle". In 2004, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission held the first "China Wuling Mountain Ethnic Culture Festival" in Qianjiang District. In 2009, "Developing Wuling Forum and the Second China Wuling Mountain Ethnic Culture Festival" was held. Huang Baiquan put forward the idea of all-round cooperation in the border region of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou, and Zhang Ying put forward the strategy of building a tourism cooperation zone of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou.

To sum up, Wuling is a geographical concept with a long history. "Wuling area" is an adjacent area of four provinces (cities) in Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou, with Wuling mountain area as the center and Tujia, Miao and Dong as the main bodies. * * * 9 cities (states) with a total area of 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers and a total population of more than 30 million. More than 30 ethnic minorities, including Tujia, Miao, Dong, Bai, Hui and Gelao, have a total population of120,000 (over 7.5 million Tujia, 3 million Miao, 0/50,000 Dong, 0/40,000 Bai and 0/40,000 Hui in Wuling area). "Wuling area" includes "Wuling mountain area", and the relationship between them is species relationship. "Wulingshan Economic Cooperation Zone" tentatively includes Zhangjiajie, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Huaihua City, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Qianjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Pengshui, Shizhu, Wulong and Tongren. The total area 1 10000 square kilometers, with a total population of more than 20 million. The total population of more than 30 ethnic minorities exceeds 1 10000, accounting for about 55% of the total population in Wuling Mountain area. Belonging to 4 provincial, 5 prefecture-level and more than 50 district-level administrative regions, it is an old revolutionary base area, ethnic minority areas, remote areas and poverty-stricken areas, and is the frontier of western development and the junction of the central and western regions. The Articles of Association of Wulingshan Economic Cooperation Zone stipulates that members of Wulingshan Economic Cooperation Zone shall implement an access system.