How to review 8th grade Chinese?

I hope it will help you, please adopt it ~

The main goal of the sixth volume of Chinese is to cultivate students' practical ability to use Chinese and their ability to appreciate literary works initially. When students review at the end of the term, they can start with four sections: language accumulation and application, classical Chinese reading and modern Chinese reading and writing, and do a good job of review step by step.

First, language accumulation and use.

1, dictation of ancient poems and classical Chinese (intensive reading class) is the key accumulation object in this book. Reciting and dictation are important ways to learn language, use accumulated language materials and improve Chinese ability, which has become a fixed proposition. There are several propositional forms of this kind of test questions: objectivity, understanding and transfer. Objective type: There are generally two ways to examine this kind of questions. One is a purely objective multiple-choice question, giving four options and asking to choose one that is the same as or different from the original text; The other is to provide the previous sentence or the next sentence and ask for dictation of the next sentence or the previous sentence. Understanding type: This type of question not only requires candidates to memorize the text by rote, but also writes the original words correctly on the basis of understanding the original content. For example, the "win the trust of the people" in Cao Gui Argument refers to what Lord Lu Zhuanggong said: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Transfer: This is an applied dictation question, which is deeper than comprehension. It not only tests students' memory and understanding ability, but also tests students' transfer and association ability, and also tests students' extracurricular accumulation. The superior appointed Zheng Xing as the director to save the factory that was on the verge of bankruptcy. People say that Zheng Xing is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (Fill in the blanks with famous sentences from Model)

2. Read the correct pronunciation and master the scheme of Chinese Pinyin. Master the pronunciation of common words that are easy to mispronounce. Master the different pronunciations of common polyphonic words in different language environments. For example, choose a () A with all correct pronunciations, hate it (wù), react randomly, change (yì) B, echo others (yì), (S ū n) C, and be cautious ... (Yì) is thought-provoking. (Shě

3. The correct reading and writing of Chinese characters mainly examines students' writing accumulation and writing ability. The main forms are: writing common words; Identify and correct typos; Distinguish between similar words and homophones. Test the main backrest of Chinese characters Therefore, students should pay attention to sorting out and accumulating, and at the same time master the method of distinguishing typos. First of all, we should master the rules of writing, pay attention to the analysis of glyphs, and understand the structure, radicals and strokes of words, and we should not be careless. Such as "heat", with ""above and "fire" below. Secondly, we should accurately understand the meaning and meaning of words, link form and meaning, strengthen understanding and help memory. Connecting with the context and understanding the meaning of words is an important way to prevent and correct typos caused by homonym (or near sound) replacement. For example, understanding the word "humble" means "shabby". It won't be written as a "defect". Thirdly, in order to appropriately expand reading, only by reading more and writing more can we accumulate and enrich our vocabulary, understand the meaning of words and distinguish subtle differences, thus reducing or even eliminating typos.

4. The understanding and application of words can be described as rich and colorful. Scope, involving in-class and extracurricular activities; The types of questions are flexible and diverse, including filling in the blanks, choosing and answering briefly; The content focuses on the accumulation and examination of the latest words and idioms, the discrimination and understanding of synonyms, verbs, related words or their meanings, and the comprehensive examination of the accurate understanding and correct use of words.

Review vocabulary knowledge should do the following:

(1), strengthen memorization, whether it is the words in the text or the words commonly used in life, we should strengthen memorization. Only with a certain vocabulary accumulation foundation can we do this kind of problem well.

(2) Strengthen understanding in connection with context and consolidate memory on the basis of understanding. There are a lot of polysemous words in Chinese, which are related to the specific language environment. Determines the meaning of the word. Therefore, in order to accurately determine the specific meaning of a word in the text, we must adhere to the principle of "words are inseparable from sentences" and infer the meaning according to the context. For example, "It is said that this Mr. Fujino is very careless in his clothes and sometimes forgets to wear a tie." The original meaning of "Mohu" is "unclear", and here it means "sloppy and not particular".

③ Be good at distinguishing and comparing, and improve the ability of using words. Learn to distinguish synonyms and improve reading and writing ability from the following aspects: the weight and range of meaning, the collocation of words with other words, the emotional color and stylistic color of words.

When explaining words, the most common problem for students is inaccurate explanation. Mastering the methods of word interpretation and accurately understanding the meaning of words is an important ability to learn Chinese. You can master the following ways to explain words:

① Morpheme analysis method. This method is to separate the morphemes of words, take the meanings one by one, and then string the meanings together for overall labeling. For example, anecdote, the morpheme anecdote and thing are separated, and anecdote is interpreted as loss, which together means something that the world doesn't know much about and has not been officially recorded. By remembering one morpheme, we can understand the whole word.

(2) escape. In a specific language environment, these words often cannot be directly interpreted, and they need to be interpreted from the perspective of metaphor and symbol. For example, the original meaning of "bag" refers to "bag wrapped in cloth", and later, after development, it is gradually fixed as the current meaning of "metaphorical ideological burden" by metaphor.

③ Definition and explanation. This method uses the following definitions to explain words. Such as "hail": ice particles or ice cubes formed by water vapor in the air in cold weather, which often fall with heavy rain in summer.

④ Mutual interpretation of synonyms. This method is to interpret A with B which is synonymous with A. For example, "claim" is interpreted as "claim" and "showing off" is interpreted as "boasting".

⑤ Negative antonym method. This method is to find the antonym of the explanation word and add a "no" in front. For example, "frustration" can be interpreted as "frustration". Mastering the above methods of word interpretation can deepen and accelerate the understanding of word meaning and overcome the difficulty of rote memorization.

5. Discrimination and Modification of Ill Sentences If a sentence does not conform to the language norms, it will become a ill sentence. Common language diseases include: incomplete composition, improper collocation, improper word order, mixed sentences, semantic repetition, inconsistency, unclear reference and so on. When modifying a sick sentence, check the trunk first, then the branches and leaves to see if the sentence conforms to the grammatical rules; Contact the context and semantics to see if the sentence is logical; Sentence-making analogy is mainly used when it is difficult to determine whether there is a language barrier. After comparing the questions, you can imitate the structure of the original sentence to make daily sentences.

The following principles should be followed when modifying sick sentences:

(1) Maximize the original intention;

(2) No new language diseases can appear after the revision;

③ Keep sentences concise. Such as: modify the following sick sentences.

In the activity of learning from Lei Feng, the whole class received a profound education. B after inspection and acceptance by the expert group, the city was awarded as "provincial water-saving city". In sentence A, "learning Lei Feng" is an object phrase, which can't be used as the subject, and "the whole class" is used as the object, so the whole sentence lacks the subject and the part of it is incomplete, so "zai" and "zai" or "Zuo" should be deleted. In sentence B, "awarded" to a provincial water-saving city, the verb-object collocation is improper, and the title of "of" is omitted, or "awarded" is changed to "evaluated".

6. Transformation and selection of sentence patterns From the structural point of view, Chinese sentences include subject-predicate sentences and non-subject-predicate sentences, simple sentences and complex sentences, active sentences and passive sentences, affirmative sentences and negative sentences. Judging from the tone and usage, there are declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences. Different sentences can express the same or similar meaning, but different language environments have different expression effects. Therefore, when students speak and write articles, they should appropriately change and choose sentence patterns according to the needs of language environment and expression, so as to accurately express their feelings and enhance their appeal and persuasiveness.

Common sentence transformation choices include: the transformation choice between active sentences and passive sentences; The conversion and choice of affirmative sentences and negative sentences; Conversion and selection of sentences with the same meaning but different tone; Transformation and selection of long sentences and short sentences. (1) The Lugou Bridge consists of 1 1 semicircular stone arches, each with a length ranging from16m to 21.6m.. -Lugou Bridge is composed of 1 1 semicircle stone arches, each of which is different in length, the short one is not less than 16m, and the long one is not more than 21.6m ... b, didn't the newspaper say that Northeastern University escaped and Feng Yong University escaped, and Japanese soldiers shot students when they saw it? -The newspaper said that students who escaped from Northeastern University and Feng Yong University were shot when they were seen by Japanese soldiers. C, Tian Ye Lao and Silkworm Girl Village protect themselves. Who doesn't take the blame for Bai Niangniang and blame Fahai too much? -Tian Ye Lao and Silkworm Girl Village Mang are indignant about White Empress, and there are too many things to blame. But disaster will not befall the farmers in China, because they are peaceful. Disaster is bound to befall peaceful farmers in China. The conversion between sentence patterns should try not to change the original intention, let alone contradict it. Items a and d of this question belong to the transformation of affirmative sentences and negative sentences. Item A "from16m to 21.6m" means "the short one is not less than16m, and the long one is not more than 21.6m". Item D, the original sentence "Don't come to China farmers because of peace." Two denials are tantamount to affirming that "it will definitely come to the peaceful peasants in China". B and c are both conversions between rhetorical questions and declarative sentences. There is no problem in the transformation of sentence pattern B, but the original sentence "Northeastern University escapes, Feng Yong University escapes, and Japanese soldiers shoot at students when they see them" and the variant sentence "Northeastern University and Feng Yong University students shoot at students when they see them" have different meanings, so this item is one of the topics required to be selected. The meaning of item D after transformation is basically the same as that before transformation.

7. Language expression should be concise, coherent, appropriate and concise, that is, it is necessary to express a clear and clear meaning in concise language, without unnecessary long sentences, unnecessary modifications and unnecessary words. There are several reasons for not being concise: ① repetition; ② Ambiguity; ③ contradiction; ④ Insufficient care before and after. Coherence means that the meaning before and after a sentence means that there is no obstruction or disconnection. There are three basic conditions for maintaining language coherence. The first thing is to have a unified topic ..... that is, every sentence revolves around the same content. If there is no unified central topic, the coherence of language will be destroyed. Secondly, there should be a reasonable order. Word order reflects the internal components of sentences, the structural and semantic relations between sentences, and the author's thinking when expressing them. If the word order is unreasonable, it will be awkward and unnatural to read. Third, language cohesion and echo. A word in a sentence, a sentence between sentences, like a link in the middle of a chain, is bound to play the role of linking up and down. Without a word or a sentence, the meaning will jump too much, which will lead to being taken out of context, and the preface will not reach the latter. The rigor and clarity of language expression determine that language must have a certain echo. There must be a "first" and a "later"; There is a "though", and there must be a turning point behind it. Otherwise, the coherence of language will be weakened. The main test of sentence coherence is to arrange sentence order and insert sentences according to the context. Attention should be paid to the arrangement of sentence order: first, according to the meaning of each sentence, find out their unified theme and their center; Then according to the time, space, priority, quantity, total score and other logical relationships (such as causality, conditions, progression, etc. ), determine the approximate order; Then find out the signs of the connection between sentences and sort out the local relationship. In the process of arranging sentence order, finding signs is a very important link. The internal relationship between paragraphs and sentences is often expressed by some words, which are symbols. For example, in time sequence and spatial order, time words and space words are symbols; Similarly, the same sentence or sentence pattern that appears repeatedly is also a sign? As long as we grasp these signs, the arrangement of sentence order will be much more convenient.

Pay attention to when inserting statements:

(1) State the identity of the object. When stating a subject, the meaning should be clear and complete; If the meaning is not fully expressed, changing the subject halfway will destroy the coherence of the sentence.

② Consistency of emotional primitives. A descriptive or argumentative speech often has a certain emotional color. To achieve language coherence, it is necessary to keep the emotional tone consistent.

③ Coherence of sentence patterns before and after. In speech or writing, in order to make the language fluent and catchy, people often use contrast sentences, parallelism sentences and complex sentences, so finding the same sentence patterns is also a way to solve the coherence problem.

(4) Anaphora of upper and lower semantics. If an article (paragraph) is to achieve language coherence, it is necessary to pay attention to the reference of the former meaning and the latter meaning. Appropriateness refers to the proper use of language according to a specific language environment. To achieve proper language, we must choose words and make sentences accurately according to the requirements of occasions, objects and styles. At the same time, we should pay attention to politeness and euphemistic tone. For example, adjust the order of the following sentences, which is completely correct ()

(1) You have read a lot of books in a certain period of time but have no time to read them carefully, so you can use extensive reading.

② If you want to have extensive knowledge, please learn to read widely!

③ Extensive reading is a very useful fast reading method.

Extensive reading can increase our knowledge and broaden our knowledge.

⑤ Reading books that are not closely related to one's own study but are helpful to some extent can be accomplished through extensive reading.

a、③⑤④②B、③④②①⑤ C、⑤①④②③ D、⑤①③④②

This question examines students' language use ability from a coherent perspective. This topic adopts the structure of "sharing", and the basic idea is: always say that extensive reading is "very useful", and then talk about the situation and what is the use, and put forward the hope of "learning extensive reading" A For example, in the following conversation, the words of the shop assistant are inappropriate. Please correct it and write it on the horizontal line on the right. Pay attention to conciseness and coherence. Customer: Salesman, I want to buy a pair of sports shoes of size 40. Shop assistant: Can't you see I'm busy? ① _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Customer: I'm in a hurry, please hurry. Shop assistant: What's the hurry? It's gone ② _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Customer: Please have a look again. Shop assistant: If you say no, you won't. Why are you so troublesome! ③ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ This topic examines the appropriateness of language, and at the same time examines the conciseness and coherence of language. The investigation of language appropriateness generally has a specific language environment. According to different occasions and objects, combined with the speaker's psychology, choose accurate words, sentences and forms to express. At the same time, we should consider the appropriateness of language from the aspects of professional ethics and moral cultivation. The words used by salespeople in this problem are inappropriate, so we should improve them from job requirements and professional ethics.

Answer: ① Please wait a moment and bring it to you right away. Sorry, there are none left. Look elsewhere, there is really nothing here. Please leave your address and I'll let you know when you get the goods. )

Second, modern reading.

Modern Chinese reading materials are both in class and out of class. In-class comes from basic articles, while extracurricular styles include all the styles in Chinese textbooks. Judging from the types of questions examined, subjective questions have greatly increased and objective questions have been greatly reduced. From the perspective of knowledge, the requirements of composition for students' reading ability are: understanding the meaning of words in a specific language environment; Analyze the meaning and function of sentences in specific contexts; Grasp the structural level of the article; Analyze and evaluate the ideological content and expression skills of the article.

This book focuses on cultivating students' ability to appreciate literary works initially. Therefore, novel reading should be the focus of review.

Reading analytical novels should pay attention to the following aspects:

① Grasp the characteristics of characterization and understand the social life reflected.

② The role of environmental description in the novel.

③ Show the character through the development of the story.

The door of the school auditorium was kicked open. Poor door. From the day of installation, there is hardly a day without being kicked. Thirteen-and fourteen-year-old children are just the age of Sahuan. It is not surprising that people open and close doors with their feet. The director of education was depressed and posted various warnings on the door, but it was useless. He found the headmaster: simply change the iron gate-let them "chew" the iron guy. The headmaster smiled and said, don't worry, I customized the strongest door. Soon, the door was torn down and a new door was installed. The new door seems quite popular, but it hasn't been kicked once since it was installed. Children always slow down involuntarily when they walk to the door. The sun rotates with the door, and bright gold is sprinkled on the children's faces. At the moment of crossing, children felt the joy of love and being loved. How can this door not be strong-it shows a solid trust, and it boldly gives a fragile dream to children, so that they can learn to cherish and care in beautiful fear. -This is a glass door.

1, the headmaster said, "I customized the strongest door", which is meaningful. Why is this the strongest door? Answer simply according to the meaning of the text.

2. The article says, "It boldly gives a fragile dream to children." . What does this "fragile dream" mean?

3. "Brilliant gold is all over the children's faces". What role does this description play?

4. On the question "How to correct bad behavior habits", the dean and the headmaster hold different views and give a general answer according to the context.

This is a novel reading, set from four angles. The first question mainly examines the feeling and understanding ability of sentences, and should be understood in combination with the meaning of the text. Answer: Because this is a door to the soul built with trust and love, which can make people know how to cherish and care. The second question mainly examines the accurate understanding of specific words, and should be answered on the basis of understanding the full text. Answer: Use a glass door that can't stand kicking to achieve the purpose of probation education. The third question mainly examines the role of description. Answer: Write down vividly the students' full love and students bathed in the atmosphere of love. The fourth question is mainly about the comparative perception of characters. Answer: the director of education-using iron gates to block kicks, advocates using hard plugs to educate students. Principal-let students know how to cherish with trust and love, and advocate shaping students' beautiful hearts.

Third, reading classical Chinese.

Classical Chinese reading test questions have comprehensive characteristics. Its comprehensiveness is reflected in the examination of a variety of knowledge, among which the source of selected articles, the dynasty in which the author lived, other information related to the author, the pronunciation and interpretation of words, the understanding of sentence meaning and the translation of sentences all account for a considerable proportion.

For this part of knowledge, we should develop good study habits in peacetime, fully master the classical Chinese knowledge in classical Chinese texts, especially in classical Chinese intensive reading classes, and implement the knowledge. Word interpretation is a traditional test. To solve this kind of test, we must be familiar with the usage of common classical Chinese entities and function words. When commenting, we should keep the word (word) inseparable from the sentence and master its correct meaning. Translating sentences should be accurate and fluent, mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. When translating, you should read it repeatedly, grasp the main idea, then choose carefully and study it carefully, then try to figure out the tone and get through. In translation, people's names, place names, official names, year numbers and country numbers can be kept without translation; Any word order that does not conform to modern Chinese habits should be adjusted; Where elements or a certain meaning are omitted, they should be supplemented according to the needs of writing; Some function words without corresponding words cannot be translated. In addition, there are some problems related to the idea of the article, the characteristics of the article in writing, the author's emotional tendency and the summary of the article content. To answer these questions, just like reading Modern Chinese, we should grasp the paragraphs provided by the questions as a whole, carefully analyze the writing background of the article, and understand the author's intention, the center of the article, the contextual level and writing characteristics of the article. If people and events are involved, it is necessary to understand the ins and outs of the events and the relationship between the characters. In short, we should feel the article as a whole and not take it out of context. Transplanting modern Chinese reading methods and skills into classical Chinese reading will help you solve problems easily. For example, read the following passage in classical Chinese and answer the following questions. I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years.

1, this classical Chinese is selected from Zhuge Liang's Liezi. "Table" is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. Explain the meaning of adding words in the following sentences. (1) I am a civilian ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. There is a word with the same meaning in the following sentence: () plowing Nanyang, appointed by the defeated army. International A, B and Dayu. Han Yinwei didn't change the world by force. Emperor Li Xian didn't use it. I was mean and risked my life. In troubled times like C, D and Israel, how can a husband be ordered once he looks at people? In times of crisis.

4. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (1) three Chen Gu's cabin. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2) I have been here for twenty years. ____________________________________________

5. What role does the author play in emphasizing his original interest? This excerpt is based on classical Chinese style, word interpretation, sentence translation, content understanding and other knowledge.

Answer: 1, this is what ancient ministers said to you. 2. (1) the humble status and humble origins of civilians. 3. Visit here. 3.B 4。 1. Visit me at the cabin three times. 2. It has been 2 1 year now. 5. It highlights the kindness of the first emperor's "three visits to the thatched cottage".

Fourth, composition

Composition is the highlight of Chinese examination, and it is also a sign of students' Chinese level. If you want to write a good test paper, you should pay attention to the following aspects:

1, students pay attention to life. Being close to the reality of life is the mainstream of composition proposition, and most of the questions are to guide students to pay attention to life and express their true feelings. For example, my other world, my little secret, an unforgettable exercise, remembering my success, an unusual exam and so on. These topics are close to the examinee's life and the examinee's ideological reality, suggesting that we should accumulate life materials extensively: pay attention to our own life, express our feelings, describe our own experiences and describe our own hearts; Pay attention to school life, you might as well sum up your life course in the past year, recall, sort out and think, and extract those people and things that can touch your heart most and make you unforgettable; Pay attention to social life, care about major events at home and abroad, and participate in social practice activities. Learn to observe and feel life with your own eyes and capture the truth, goodness and beauty in life with keen eyes.

2. Carefully organize the learned texts and explore the material resources in the texts. The selected article is not only the main content of our reading, but also an inexhaustible valuable resource for our writing. Read the text carefully and learn from the aspects of content, material selection, expression, thinking and structure, so as to broaden your own conception world.

3. Strengthen the awareness of consideration, deliberation and revision. Good articles are changed. As the exam approaches, students may wish to find out the compositions of the past year, select the best articles, and make comprehensive revision and processing from content to language under the guidance of teachers, so as to make their articles sincere and healthy, rich and specific in content and concise and fluent in language.

My happiness comes from my hobby, which brings me infinite happiness. My hobby is collecting coins. Maybe you should say: "collecting coins, collectors are coins, and it is troublesome to collect them;" Hard work hurts money, so why bother? "In fact, coin collectors also have their own joy in the process of collecting coins. There are three kinds of joy. Listen to me slowly. One of the pleasures is getting together. Collecting is the most important step in collecting coins, which often takes a long time. But every time I look at the coins I have worked so hard to collect, I feel an endless sweet joy. On this day, I was shopping in the market, passing by an onion and ginger booth, and my eyes habitually glanced at the bowl next to the coin, and occasionally I saw a smaller coin. When picking onions, I leaned down and looked at the coin carefully. I saw that it was the same size and thickness as an ordinary coin, and the coin was covered with rust. There is an ancient clock carved opposite me, and there is a ring of gear-like patterns along the wall, like the Great Wall. " Murphy? "I meditated in my mind on the records of the coins of the Republic of China in the coin book. The more I look at them, the more like them. I couldn't restrain my joy and almost cried. The old lady selling onion and ginger didn't pay attention. I turned the coin over and saw a row of small words arched on it: "Republic of China 15 years. "It really is the currency of the Republic of China, and I am dancing with joy." Old lady, I'll buy an onion. Please change this coin for me! "He handed me a two-dollar bill." Huh? Can't you change this money? ""why? "I almost cried." Because my son gave it to me, "the old lady said with a sly smile, from my son? "I indecision indefinite thought,"? Oh, she must have seen that I wanted money. Hey, then increase the price! " The two of us began to bargain. The old lady seems to be an old hand in business, asking for 50 yuan is "wild speculation" I'll make her a counter-offer, too. Seven dollars? Finally, an agreement was reached, and I bought this coin for fifteen yuan. This coin cost me nearly a month's pocket money, but when I held this coin, I was so happy that I didn't know what to say when I thought of another coin from an era in my collection. The second kind of pleasure is willing to "pay". Coin collectors have their own paradise Every holiday, I will go to the coin collection market, listen to the "collection classics" of old collectors, look at other people's collections and show off my own. Every time I go, I can broaden my vision of coins and enrich my knowledge of coins, which makes me overjoyed. The third pleasure is the willingness to "return". Collect five coins to become bonus coins. Whenever I take out my treasured coins, it's like taking out the history of China coins and my own "history of collecting coins". I have a special sense of joy and pride when I recall all kinds of interesting things about collecting coins and experience the long and profound coin culture in China. Collecting coins enriches my life, enhances my infinite respect for the culture of the motherland and brings me joy.