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Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, is one of the birthplaces of human civilization and the Chinese nation, a world famous historical and cultural city and an international tourist city, and the largest central city in the new economic belt of Longhailan in China section of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge. Xi now governs 9 districts and 4 counties with a total area of 10 108 square kilometers and a population of 74 17300. Among them, the planned area of the central city is 275 square kilometers, the built-up area is 226.72 square kilometers, and the population of the municipal area is 5.3338+0.0000. The climate here is mild, the four seasons are distinct, the rainfall is suitable, the sunshine is abundant, the natural environment is superior, and the tourism resources are unique. Geographical environment Xi 'an is located in the Guanzhong Plain in the middle of the Yellow River Basin, which is the center of the geographical map of China (the origin of China is near Xi 'an). Located between east longitude 107 49' and north latitude 33 39'-34 45'. The southern part of the territory is the Qinling Mountains, towering and green, and the northern part is the Weihe Plain, with fertile land and dense rivers. The eastern part is the Xiyue Huashan Scenic Area, and the western part is the Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve, surrounded by mountains and peaks. It is about 204 kilometers long from east to west and 1 16 kilometers wide from north to south, with an average elevation of 424 meters. The highest point in the territory is Taibai Mountain in the southwest of zhouzhi county, with an altitude of 3,867 meters. On the whole, the terrain is high in the southeast, low in the northwest and southwest, dustpan-shaped, with mountains and plains coexisting, different landscapes and unique features. The plain covers an area of 436,740 hectares, accounting for 43.7% of the city's land area, with fertile soil and convenient irrigation. The ancients praised it as "a land with beautiful resources and fertile land". Climatic conditions Xi belongs to warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons and mild climate. The general months of 1, 4, 7 and 10 are the representative months of winter, spring, summer and autumn. Winter is dry and cold, spring is warm, summer is hot and rainy, and autumn is mild and humid. The annual average temperature 15.5℃, precipitation about 600mm, humidity 69.6%, frost-free period 207 days, sunshine 1377 hours. The average temperature in the coldest month in 65438+ 10 is -0.9℃, and the average temperature in the hottest month in July is 26.4℃. Rainfall is mainly distributed in July, August and September. Rain and heat are also beneficial to crop growth. The annual average snowfall day is 13.8 days, the first snowfall day is generally in late 10, and the last snowfall day is generally in mid-March. Affected by the terrain, there are many northeast winds in An all year round, with an average annual wind speed of 1.3-2.6 m/s. The water resources in An are known as "Eight waters around Chang 'an", where Ba, Chan, Feng, Zao, Orange, pickaxe, Jing and Wei pass around the city. The 53 rivers in the city, except Jingjing, Weihe and Shichuan rivers, are all inland rivers originating from the Qinling Mountains. The average self-produced surface water resources in the city for many years are 265.438+78 million m3, and the groundwater resources are 654.38+72.7 million m3. After deducting redundant construction, the total water resources in the city is 2.666 billion m3. The water quality of Meiyukou along the northern foot of Qinling Mountains is good, especially the Heihe Water Control Project, which supplies 6.5438+0.2 million tons of water to the whole city every day. At present, the urban area has formed a daily water supply capacity of 6.5438+0.75 million tons, which can meet the urban production and domestic water demand. Plant resources Xi is rich in plant resources. There are 2224 species of wild plants 138 families, 68 1 genera, among which 1200 species have high economic value, which is one of the important "gene banks" of seed plants in China. Crops are mainly wheat, corn, rice, beans and potatoes, cash crops are mainly cotton, rape, vegetables, melons and fruits, and peanuts, sweet potatoes, beets, tobacco and marijuana are planted. There are 522,548 hectares of forest land in Xi, including 387,366,5438+0 hectares of forest land and 72,793 hectares of shrub land. The total stock is 33 167348m3, and the forest coverage rate is 42%. At present, the planned afforestation area of the Great Green Project under implementation is 605,700 mu, the first phase is 485,600 mu, and the second phase is 1.20 1 10,000 mu, which will be completed by the end of 2006. The main fruits are apples, peaches, pears, pomegranates, grapes, sand fruits, plums, hawthorn, dates and persimmons. Mountain products specialties mainly include kiwi fruit, chestnut, walnut, pepper, apricot, sumac, Eucommia ulmoides, auricularia auricula, cinnamon, rosin and so on. Medicinal plants 1000, the original 500? 800 kinds. Animal resources Xi's livestock include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese and rabbits, among which Qinchuan cattle and Guanzhong donkeys enjoy high reputation. There are many kinds of wild animals in Qinling Mountains. There are Zhu, ring-necked pheasant, golden pheasant, blood pheasant, cuckoo and other birds 177 species. There are 55 species of mammals, among which the giant panda, golden monkey and pronghorn are listed as rare animals under state protection, the impala, antelope, swan and golden rooster are listed as second-class protected animals, and the black zygomatic, leopard and golden cat are listed as third-class protected animals. Fish mainly include silver carp, carp and bream. The wild animals in the mountain stream, such as giant salamander and fine-scaled fish, are also precious wild animals protected by the state. The geological development history of mineral resources in Xi is complex and the structural types are diverse. A large area of igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and Cenozoic sediments in Qinling Mountains laid the foundation for the accumulation of various metals, nonmetals and energy sources. 54 kinds of minerals have been discovered, 24 kinds of minerals have been developed and utilized, and there are 108 deposits. The main minerals are gold, building materials and other nonmetals. The main metal minerals are: iron, manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, lead and zinc, zinc and copper, molybdenum, gold, tungsten, uranium and high-alumina mineral raw materials. Non-metallic minerals mainly include: marble, feldspar, dolomite, cement limestone, graphite, building gravel, pulse time, "lantian jade", sandstone, sulfur ore and so on. Geothermal resources Xi Geothermal resources are widely distributed, with good water quality and large quantity. The exploitable geothermal area in the urban area alone is about 780 square kilometers. There are 32 mineral water mines, and the identified resources are 1.5 1.8 million m3/ 10,000. The geothermal areas in the city are mainly distributed in the southeast suburbs and urban areas, Chanhe and Bahe areas in Chang 'an District, Qu Wei, Ma Zhao Town in zhouzhi county to Tangyu Town in Lantian and the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong. At present, there are more than 100 proven shallow and middle hot spots, and the water temperature is generally above 50℃, and some are as high as 96℃. Fluorine, silicon, acid, sulfur and boric acid in high-temperature hot water have high medicinal value. Humanistic Xi walks into history and feels humanistic experience and life. The world-famous ancient city Xi, like a well-preserved thread-bound book, faithfully records and treasures the memory of this city. Ancient historical sites and cultural landscapes have infiltrated and cultivated Xi 'an's unique urban culture. Historical evolution Xi is one of the birthplaces of Chinese nation and oriental civilization. As early as 165438+ million years ago, human ancestors flourished in this beautiful and rich land. Xi 'an has a city history of more than 3 100 years and a national capital history of more than 3100 years. 13 dynasties successively established their capitals here, making it an ancient capital as famous as Rome. Since Chang 'an City in the Western Han Dynasty, Xi 'an has become an important city for economic and cultural exchanges and friendly exchanges between China and other countries. The world-famous international corridor "Silk Road" runs through the east and west, starting from Chang 'an and reaching the ancient city of Rome in the west. "Chang 'an Culture" represents the backbone of China culture. Since the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, that is, in A.D. 1369, it was renamed as Xi 'an House, and the name of Xi 'an has been used to this day, except for the invasion of Li Zicheng peasant rebels. Xi is also a city with glorious tradition. 19 1 1 year. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Xi 'an was one of the earliest capital cities in China. 1936 65438+February 12, which happened in the "Xi incident" that shocked China and foreign countries. After the Xi Incident, the Eighth Route Army office here sent a large number of young intellectuals and military supplies to the Yan 'an revolutionary base area. Party and state leaders Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Ye Jianying all led the revolutionary struggle here. 1949 On May 20th, Xi 'an was liberated. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once the seat of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee and the Northwest Administrative Committee, and was a municipality directly under the Central People's Government. 1954 changed to provincial capital city; 1984 The recovery plan is listed separately; 1992 was approved as an inland open city; 1994 was approved as a national pilot city for comprehensive reform and a sub-provincial city. After more than 50 years of construction and development, Xi has formed a relatively complete industrial system and urban service system, and has become an important scientific research, higher education, national defense science and technology industry and high-tech industrial base in China, as well as a financial, scientific and technological, educational, tourism and business center radiating to the central and western regions of the north. "Overview of Xi 'an" (Part II) The name of Xi 'an originated from Xi 'an House: the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), and changed Fengyuan Road to Xi 'an House, which was located in Chang 'an and Xianning counties (now Xi 'an City), and its jurisdiction included Bin County, east of zhouzhi county, Tongchuan, south of Hancheng, Zhen 'an, Yang Shan and north of Shangnan counties. In Qing Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Xi 'an Anfu was reduced, which was equivalent to the area between zhouzhi county, Tongchuan and Weinan. Xi City: Xi City was established in 1928, and governs six counties including Chang 'an, Lintong, Lantian, Zhouzhi, Huxian and Gaoling. 1930 was renamed as Xijing City, and 1943 was restored as Xi 'an City. 13 ancient capital of dynasties: There were 13 dynasties in history, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty, the New Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty (Xian Di), the Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), the former Zhao Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the later Qin Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, all of which were established in Anjian. Xi 'an, as the capital of all dynasties, has a history of 1 13 1 year. The name of the dynasty that lasted (years) before and after the location of the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Gao Feng, Chang 'an District, Xi City, from the forty-ninth year of Wang (KLOC-0/050 BC) to the first year of Pingyi (770 BC) to the twelfth year of Wutun Town, Lintong District, Xi City, Qin Liyang (383 BC) to the twelfth year of filial piety (350 BC) 65438+. Xianyang Xi weiyang district Qin Xiaogong 12th year to the first year of Zi Ying (AD 206), the first year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 206), the first year of Ruzi (AD 8), the first year of New Wang Mang (AD 9), the fourth year of Emperor Huang (AD 23), the first year of Eastern Han Dynasty (Xian Di) and the first year of Eastern Han Dynasty (Chuping). Years) to Xingping for five years (A.D. 195), Western Jin Dynasty for six years (Li), Western Jin Dynasty for the first year of Jianxing (A.D. 3 13) to Jianxing for four years (A.D. 3 16), four years ago, Zhao Zaier (A.D. 316) +0 years) to Taian year (AD 385), 35 years later, the first year of Qin Dynasty (AD 386) to Yonghe year (AD 4 17), 32 years later, the third year of Yongxi in the Western Wei and Northern Wei Dynasties (AD 534) to Gongsi year (AD 557), and 24 years later, the first year of Northern Zhou Dynasty. From the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 58 1 year) to the fourteenth year of Daye (AD 6 18) for 37 years, from the first year of Tang Wude (AD 6 18) to the first year of God-given (AD 690) for 272 years, and from the first year of Tang Shenlong (AD 705) to the fourth year of God-given. There are palaces and imperial tombs reflecting the rise and fall of different dynasties, stone carvings, classics and various artistic treasures reflecting ancient economy, society, politics and art, and sites, fossils and cultural relics reflecting the evolutionary history of human development. These resources are condensed with profound cultural accumulation, and many of them are unique at home and abroad. Xi 'an's cultural relics have the characteristics of high resource density, well-preserved and high level. Among the national 109 kinds of tourism resources, there are 80 kinds in Xi 'an. There are 72 imperial tombs around Xi 'an, including the mausoleum of the First Emperor Qin Shihuang and the mausoleum of Emperor Yan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Western Han Mausoleum 1 1, Tang Mausoleum18; There are more than 20 palace sites such as Qin Epang Palace and Tang Daming Palace. There are more than 700 ancient buildings, such as the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Bell and Drum Tower, and the wall of the Tang Emperor City, ranking first in the country. The national key cultural relics protection units in Xi urban area are: Bell Tower, which was built in Hongwu 17 of Ming Dynasty (1384); Forest of steles, the essence of ancient monuments; Banpo Museum, the village site of matriarchal clan commune in the Yellow River Basin; Quanzhen Zuting Chongyang Palace; Ming City Wall, the largest and most complete ancient city wall building in China, has a history of more than 600 years; Shaanxi History Museum, known as "the treasure house of China" and "the grand palace of Chinese civilization", is a state-level modern large museum; Big Wild Goose Pagoda, where Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, translated scriptures; Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, known as one of eight wonders of the world; The oldest mosque in northwest China-Huajue Lane Mosque, and the mausoleum of Huangdi, the Chinese ancestor Xuanyuan around Xi 'an; Liu Che Mausoleum, Tomb of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty; Tomb of Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong Li Zhizhi in Tang Dynasty; Sakyamuni Buddha refers to Famen Temple where Buddhist relics are stored, and other famous scenic spots at home and abroad. In recent years, the development of Hanyang Mausoleum has once again caused a sensation in the world, and its unearthed nude figurines are known as "Venus of the East". There are 45 municipal cultural relics museums, 2,944 immovable cultural relics and 282 cultural relics protection units in Xi. The cultural relics warehouse keeps 1 18955 pieces, including 14359 pieces of precious cultural relics. In 2005, nearly 1000 tombs of various periods were excavated, and thousands of cultural relics were unearthed. Among them, the Danfengmen site of Daming Palace in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was rated as one of the seven archaeological achievements in China in 2005. This site not only provides an accurate basis for the overall protection of the Daming Palace site in the Tang Dynasty, but also provides first-hand information for the archaeological study of the ancient capital of China and the study of the ancient architectural history of China. Xi Part of the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units Name Time Address Bell Tower Ming Hongwu 17 City Center Beilin AD 1078 Sanxue Street 15 Tang Emperor City Wall Ming Hongwu 3 years to 1 1 year Restoration of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda Tang Yonghui 3 years downtown Yanta Road South Ji 'an Jinei Grand Mosque Tang Sheng Gulou Huajue Lane National Museum. Name of Museum Area (square meters) Address Banpo Museum 3000 Qin, about 6 kilometers east of Chanhe River, Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum 34730 Lintong District Shandong History Museum 56000 Xiaozhai East Road Religious Ancestral Temple Xi is a place where Buddhism, Taoism and Islam in ancient China are concentrated, integrated and spread. Among the eight branches of Buddhism, Xi 'an has six ancestral halls. Louguantai, the birthplace of Taoist culture in China and the holy place of Taoist ancestral temple, is also located in Xi 'an. The number, name and address of the six ancestral halls of Buddhism branch are 1. The only known ancestral temple is Xi Anji Hall. The second secret ancestral temple is Xi 'an Daxing Mountain Temple. The third is Huayan Temple in Chang 'an District. The third is Caotang Temple in Huxian County. The fifth is the Pure Land Ancestral Temple in Chang 'an District. The observation deck of Jingyue Temple in Fengyukou, Chang 'an District is located at the foot of Qinling Mountain, southeast of zhouzhi county, Xi City15km. According to legend, Li Er, the ancestor of Taoism, wrote a 5,000-word Classic of the Tao Te Ching here and taught it in Gaogang, south of Lounan, hence the name Louguantai. There is a cloud in the ancient book: "There are 120 rivers and mountains in Guanzhong, and the south is the best; Finally, there is Qianfeng Green in the south, and Louguan is the most famous. "This is the birthplace of our national road culture and the ancestral temple of Taoism. Founded in the Spring and Autumn Period, it flourished in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, flourished in the Tang Dynasty and revived in the Yuan Dynasty. Known as the fairy capital, "the crown of the cave" and "the best place in the world".