The Relationship between Tourism and Tourism Crisis

Tourism crisis refers to any situation that may affect the long-term reputation of enterprises and their products or interfere with the normal operation of enterprises. It may also be an accident that affects travelers' confidence in their destinations and disrupts normal operations. This kind of event may occur in various forms for many years.

Travel agency products are mainly scenic spots and projects, which are obviously influenced by market changes and similar products, and have strong imitation and substitution. China's travel agencies generally pay insufficient attention to product design and development, marketing and promotion, and the products lack individuality. Usually, after a travel agency develops a new product, many travel societies rush headlong into it. The vicious price reduction competition is serious, the product quality is uneven, and the variety, quality, upgrading speed and brand of products are in serious crisis, which leads to the loss of tourists in the overall market.

Tourism economic activity is a comprehensive activity, and its development needs to rely on the coordination and benign development of macro-social environment of politics, economy, military affairs, policies and laws, social culture, religion and other related factors. Different from other industrial products, tourism products are a kind of comprehensive service products, covering tourists' food, shelter, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment. If any aspect can't meet the needs of tourists, it may bring crisis. From a macro perspective, any social, economic, natural, legal and policy crisis may have an impact on tourism enterprises. From the microscopic point of view, the deterioration of the competitive environment and internal environment of tourism enterprises will also induce the full-scale outbreak of enterprise crisis. Therefore, as far as the characteristics of tourism are concerned, the causes of its crisis events are also diversified.

(b) Crisis events have a more direct and destructive impact on tourism.

The fundamental motivation of tourism activities is objective and subjective. The objective aspects include disposable income, leisure time and accessibility of tourist destinations; Subjective aspects include people seeking excitement, acquiring knowledge, visiting relatives and friends, cultivating sentiment and other tourism motives. The production and consumption of tourism products are the same, that is, production and consumption are carried out at the same time, and the space cannot be displaced. Once the crisis breaks out, tourism bears the brunt.

Crisis events have strong international relevance.

The crisis of tourism in any country may affect the surrounding and even the world tourism market. As a kind of mixed consumption, tourism activities are rich in content, with many related industries, frequent interactions between countries and strong correlation. As far as the degree and breadth of influence are concerned, the source countries and tourist receiving countries, which occupy an important position in the world tourism market, are more important. The international linkage of tourism crisis fully proves that people deeply realize that the sound development of tourism needs peace, prosperity and stability all over the world. The handling of crisis events also requires cooperation and interaction between countries.

Causes of tourism crisis

(A) emergencies under the constraints of the external environment

The unexpected events under the constraints of external environment are uncontrollable for the tourism industry and belong to uncontrollable factors. This is the crisis that tourism is the least likely to attract attention and is not easy to detect. Such a crisis is extremely concealed, sudden and harmful. There is a simple reason. The development of tourism depends on the external environment, but the external environment is changing rapidly. In recent years, new changes have taken place in the world pattern, and tourism often faces the test of external factors. Therefore, "change" has become the norm. Of course, this "change" has two meanings, which are not only the global political environment, but also the global or a country (region) tourism market environment.

(B) Analysis of tourism crisis from the perspective of tourism supply and demand

1. Tourism crisis analysis from the perspective of tourism supply

(1) Tourism enterprise correlation.

From the perspective of tourism supply, the tourism products provided by tourism enterprises to meet the needs of consumers are composed of tourism resources, tourism facilities, tourism services and tourism shopping. Its production departments and industries not only include various industries within the tourism sector (food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment), but also involve many related industries in the national economy, such as foreign trade, transportation, handicraft production and construction. Any changes involved will affect the tourism industry. Tourism is composed of national economy and tourism-related industries and departments.

(2) The comprehensiveness of tourism products. Tourism products are all the service processes, tourism conditions and feelings for the whole tourism process that tourists get in the whole tourism activities. It is a kind of immaterial product with service as its main content, which has different characteristics from material products and general service products, such as intangibility, non-transferability, timeliness, non-storability, synchronization and comprehensiveness of production and consumption, etc.

2. Analyze the tourism crisis from the perspective of tourism demand.

From the perspective of tourism consumption, consumers' tourism needs are various, involving social, economic, cultural and other aspects. Tourists' needs are hierarchical, and tourism demand is a non-basic demand that is spontaneously required to participate in social interaction, gain recognition and respect from others, and realize personal value goals. Physiology and safety are its minimum needs, and only when both are guaranteed can we meet the tourism needs. Once the tourism demand is threatened by external factors, such as political situation, economic crisis, natural environment, infectious diseases, safety accidents, etc., this non-basic demand will inevitably give way to the basic demand. The same is true of tourists' choice of tourist destinations. Safety and comfort are the primary factors in their decision-making process. Once a tourism enterprise or destination has a negative event that affects both sides, tourists will immediately "abandon" the tourism enterprise or destination. Tourists' subjective evaluation of tourism decisions plays a decisive role. Because negative events in tourism are easy to be identified and identified, once negative events occur, tourism will suffer huge economic losses.

If the tourism crisis is not handled well, it may bring the whole industry into a downturn. If we want to revive it, it is very difficult to boost people's confidence. However, if handled well, the crisis will become an opportunity, which will not only have a negative impact, but even bring huge benefits to the entire tourism industry. They are a pair of contradictory relations, and they are also complementary, mutually promoting and transforming.