Classification of existing tourism resources

At present, our country has not yet formed a complete landscape science, and naturally there is no classification of landscapes. However, there are many books on tourism resources, each of which has classified tourism resources. Here we first introduce some tourism resource classification schemes (in order of publication), and on this basis we propose the scenery classification scheme of this book.

1. Classification of "Tourism Aesthetics" edited by Wang Keping

Mountain scenery - such as green mountains, deep valleys and strange peaks;

Water scenery - such as vast rivers and lakes , flowing springs and waterfalls;

Seascape - such as blue sea, golden sand, and island scenery;

Landscape - such as water villages, pastoral fields, grasslands, and deserts;

Cloudscape —— Such as the changing clouds and clouds, and all the phenomena in the sky;

Cave scenery —— Such as the cave sky, blessed land, stalactites and strange rocks;

Flower scene —— Such as precious flowers;

Forest scenery - such as forest vegetation;

Others - such as rare birds and animals.

2. Classification of "Tourism Resources" edited by Yang Xuefeng

1) Historical relics;

2) Ancient buildings;

3) Mausoleums;

4) Towns;

5) Gardens;

6) Religious culture;

7) Social customs;

8) Geology and landforms;

9) Water bodies;

10) Biology;

11) Celestial phenomena and climate.

3. Classification of "Tourism Resources Development and Planning" edited by Liang Mingzhu (Table 3-1)

Table 3-1 Classification of tourism resources

4. Classification of ecotourism in Zhang Jianping's "Ecotourism"

(1) Natural ecotourism resources

1) Land ecotourism resources: ① forest ecotourism resources; ② grassland ecotourism resources; ③Desert ecotourism resources; ④Wetland ecotourism resources.

2) Water ecotourism resources: ① river ecotourism resources; ② lake ecotourism resources; ③ seaside ecotourism resources; ④ hot spring ecotourism resources.

(2) Artificial natural eco-tourism resources

1) Garden cultural eco-tourism resources: ①Chinese gardens; ②Western gardens.

2) Urban eco-tourism resources.

3) Popular science eco-tourism resources: ①Botanical Garden; ②Wildlife Zoo; ③World Horticultural Expo; ④Natural Museum.

4) Landscape ecology restores ecotourism resources.

(3) Humanistic and ecological tourism resources

1) Agricultural, cultural and ecological tourism resources.

2) Religious and cultural eco-tourism resources: ① Totem worship; ② Taboo customs.

3) Folk culture and eco-tourism resources: ① traditional folk culture; ② frugal and natural lifestyle.

5. Classification of "Chinese and Foreign Tourism and Leisure Geography" written by Huang Ziyan

1) Geological and landform landscapes: ① divided by height; ② divided by origin; ③ divided by lithology; ④ by Division by force (volcanoes, flowing water, sandstorms, glaciers, oceans); ⑤ Division by function (landforms for sightseeing and leisure, landforms for inspection and exploration).

2) Water landscape: rivers, lakes, springs, waterfalls, oceans.

3) Celestial phenomena and climate landscape.

4) Biological landscape.

6. Classification of "China's Natural Scenery" written by Bai Wenming

1) Five Mountains of China;

2) Fulin Zen Temple;

3) Taoist caves;

4) Ten thousand cave statues;

5) Mountain wonders;

6) Geoparks;

< p>7) Famous tourist mountains;

8) Snow ridges and ice peaks;

9) Alpine canyons;

10) Cave and sinkholes;

< p>11) Grassland meadow;

12) Gobi desert;

13) Forest landscape;

14) Ancient and valuable trees;

15) Big rivers;

16) Clear streams;

17) Waterfalls;

18) Lakes and reservoirs;

19) Garden ponds;

20) Jiangnan water towns;

21) Swamps and wetlands;

22) Island coasts.

7. Classification of "China Tourism Resources Census Standards (Trial Draft)" edited by the China Tourism Administration and the Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1992

1) Geographical landscapes (15 types); /p>

2) Water scenery (7 types);

3) Biological resources (6 types);

4) Monuments and buildings (32 types);

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5) Leisure and fitness (11 types);

6) Shopping (5 types).

8. National Standard Tourism Resource Classification (Table 3-2)

This classification was obviously adopted in the 1992 "China Tourism Resources Census" compiled by the China Tourism Administration and the Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is developed and supplemented based on the classification of "Specifications". There is no difference in principle in the classification methods between the two, except that the content of the national standard classification is richer and more comprehensive.

All the aforementioned classification schemes are no different in terms of classification methods and principles, but there are certain differences in key points and simple choices. Therefore, this book involves a review of existing landscape classifications, focusing on national standards and no longer covering others.

Table 3-2 National Standard Tourism Resource Classification (GB/T 18972-2003)

Continued Table

9. Editor of "China Forest Park Tour" Classification of "China Forest Park Tour" compiled by the ministry

1) Mountain-type forest parks, such as Zhangjiajie, Sichuan Wawu Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Guangxi Bajiaozhai;

2) Lake-type forest parks , such as Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang, Liuxi River in Guangdong, and Basong Lake in Tibet;

3) Volcanic heritage forest parks, such as Heilongjiang Crater, Jilin Longwan, and Guangdong Xiqiao Mountain;

4) Desert and sandy forest parks, such as Populus euphratica in Ejina, Inner Mongolia, and Populus euphratica in Xinjiang;

5) Modern glaciers and glacier relic forest parks, such as Hailuogou, Sichuan, and Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi;

6) Island forest parks, such as Shandong Changdao National Forest Park, Fujian Pingtan Island, Guangdong Nanao Island;

7) Coastal forest parks, such as Hebei Coast and Shandong Rizhao Coast;

8) Cave-type forest parks, such as Zhejiang Shuanglong Cave, Shanxi Yuwang Cave, Henan Wulong Cave, Yunnan Jinghua Cave;

9) Hot spring-type forest parks, such as Guangxi Longsheng Hot Spring, Liaoning Dahei Mountain, Mingyue Mountain in Jiangxi, Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi;

10) Grassland forest parks, such as Saihanba in Hebei, Huanggangliang and Hailar in Inner Mongolia;

11) Suburban forest parks , such as Yushan in Shanghai, Huancheng in Xuzhou in Jiangsu, Lanting in Zhejiang, and Fuzhou in Fujian.

This classification method uses a combination of forests and landforms. The classification in this book adopts this principle, but expands the scope and uses the comprehensive combination of all scenic beauty factors as the basis for classification.