Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - A commemorative article on resurrection

A commemorative article on resurrection

1, Tan Sitong, Jian, Yong, Xin

In the history of Liuyang and even China, reformer Tan Sitong was a man of indomitable spirit. His feat of going to righteousness generously in the Reform Movement of 1898 inspired the sun and the moon. But many people don't know that Tan Sitong has been nicknamed "courage and heart" since he was a teenager. In the "Tan Martyrs Temple" on the road, there is a photo of Tan Sitong in Nanjing. That year, he was 32 years old, wearing a white gown and a dark black warrior suit. His left hand rested on her hips and his right hand held a sword, with heavy eyebrows and eyes like electricity. He stood like a mountain, looking down at death in awe. In Tan Sitong's short life, two swords and three pianos accompanied him through many long years.

Sword is heroic courage 1865. Tan Sitong was born in Beijing when his father Tan Jizhun was an official in Beijing. Tan Sitong grew up with an open mind, was brave and admired ancient chivalrous men, so at the age of 12, he began to learn fencing from "one-armed ape" Hu Qi and "Yi Xia" broadsword Wang Wu. At that time, he could not do without a "seven-star sword". 13 years old, Tan Sitong returned to his hometown of Liuyang for the first time. In the deep courtyard of "Dafu Land", he reads by the light at night and smells chickens dancing and fencing. Teacher Pan Xinzhi of the Municipal Cultural Center once saw the Seven Star Sword with his own eyes about a hundred years later. It has a long body with seven bronze stars embedded in it, arranged in the shape of the Big Dipper. During the 10 years when he was about 20 years old, Tan Sitong traveled all over the Yellow River, north and south. "Seven Stars Sword" is his faithful companion in the journey. Accompany him to travel around the mountains and rivers of the motherland, with a journey of more than 80,000 miles, covering 13 provinces, making friends with righteous people and visiting celebrities, which is an eye-opener. In particular, Tan Sitong used to ride a horse and hunt with a sword, traveling for seven days and seven nights 1700 miles. Although he met a "messy moustache", he still enjoyed it. During his strong tour, Tan Sitong accidentally got two old objects of Wen Tianxiang, the most revered figure in his life, from two extremely remote places: "Banana Qin Yu" and "Phoenix Sword", which he regarded as his life. From then on, he left the "Seven-Star Sword" in the "Blessed Land" and carried the "Phoenix Moment Sword" with him, never leaving.

Qin is even more heroic. Ancient China literati paid attention to the four arts of "Qin, Qi, Calligraphy and Painting", especially the Qin array. Many famous thinkers and artists in history, such as Confucius, Cai Yong and Ji Kang, are famous for playing the piano. Tan sitong is no exception. In the lonely world, he danced the sword and played the piano all his life. In the exhibition hall of "Tan Martyrs' Special Temple", there is also a photo of Tan Sitong's "Broken Tingqin", the body of which is black and shiny, and the "Broken Tingqin" in regular script is clearly visible. According to historical records, in the midsummer of one year, one of the two buttonwood trees about 60 feet high in Tan's home was cut down by thunder. Tan Sitong made two lyres from the branches of buttonwood, which were named "Remnant Thunder" and "Collapse Pavilion". The inscription of the lyre was "The axe broke the sky, and the branches were broken and the skin was broken. If you are a good material, you have suffered, you have suffered, sobbing and wailing! " "Ray by its beginning, I have its work. Good for Qin, bad for children. "The inscription of Wen Tianxiang's Banana Qin Yu is" The sea sinks, the sky is silent, and the banana rains. Why bother? ".Solitary minister tears, dare not cry! 1898, 34-year-old Tan Sitong was called to Beijing for political reform. When he broke up with his wife Li Run, he received a poem "Leaving his wife in the North after the Reform Movement of 1898". It is said that on the eve of their separation, the couple also said goodbye to playing Broken Violin and Broken Qin Lei. When he went to the north, Tan Sitong brought "Breaking the Tingqin", "Remnant Leiqin" and "Phoenix Moment Sword". How many years later, whether it is the autumn wind rustling or the spring rain drizzling, wandering in the room of "Dafu Land", listening to the ear, it seems that the beams of the house are still filled with their endless piano music!

Seeing the heroic color in Hot Blood, Tan Sitong carried a sword and two pianos. In order to save the Chinese nation from subjugation and extinction, he went north to Beijing to show his ambition to reform and strengthen the country. Unfortunately, the old forces were overcast, and the "Reform Movement of 1898" ended in a hundred days. In order to arouse people's awakening, Tan Sitong dedicated his life to disaster and died generously. Originally, Tan Sitong had a chance to escape, but when the broadsword Wang Wu and others advised him to escape, he chose to bleed and gave the "Phoenix Moment Sword" to the broadsword Wang Wu, and a generation of famous instruments would not humiliate him. The "Remnant Leiqin" is now hidden in the Palace Museum, and the "Broken Qin" has never been found. The length 1 19.8cm, shoulder width 19.3cm and tail width 13cm. It is sunset-style, painted with black varnish, and the back of the pool is engraved with the Wei style book "Remnant Leiqin", with the inscription "Tan" in the 16th year of Guangxu 1890, and Tan Sitong was 25 years old (it is said that this piano was made by Tan Sitong 16 years old). Somehow, this piano finally got into the hands of a man named Qian Junyi, who donated it to the Palace Museum at 1952. In Tan Sitong's hands, the lyre is no longer a plaything for ordinary literati, but a song of life sung by patriots with swords and halberds. On the piano "Collapse of the Court", there is an elegy of his close friend Tang: "I can't bear to go to Taiwan with my neck closed for 20 years. If I win, I will go to the lonely minister Chu to sob; Gan Yong threw 400 trillion for the slave race and went to hell, leaving only the three masters of Fusang. " After Tan Sitong's death in Beijing, his former residence "Dafudi" still left relics such as "Seven Stars Sword" and "Jiao Yuqin", which were carefully sealed and kept in the attic by Li Run. In the 1960s, the county cultural center provided rescue protection for Liuyang ancient music. When I learned about the "land reform" when I collected ancient musical instruments, I left some of Tan Sitong's relics to the tenant Tan. Teacher Pan Xinzhi, who worked in the cultural center at that time, said that the staff finally found Tan, where they not only found 24 bronze phoenix flutes, but also found the "Seven Stars Sword". Unfortunately, because of fear, Tan buried Tan Sitong's relics in the ground, and Jiao Yuqin had rotted into a pile of sawdust. The "Seven-Star Sword" was thus collected by the cultural center. Teacher Pan Xinzhi was transferred to work in other places on 1965. When he returned to work in the cultural center on 198 1, he never saw the "Seven Stars Sword" again. Through many inquiries, Mr. Pan learned about the process of the loss of the Seven-Star Sword: during the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, a rebel leader of the County Huagu Opera Troupe broke into the cultural center and took the Seven-Star Sword, which was often worn around the city and was used by many people to "combat the warfare". However, Teacher Pan asked this person several times, but this person refused to admit that he had taken the "Seven-Star Sword", and Tan Sitong's all-powerful "Seven-Star Sword" was gone.

2. Tan Sitong and Buddhism

In the history of China, two people were called "Buddhist Comets". One is Seng Zhao, a disciple of Kumarajiva in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He only lived for 30 years, but left a Buddhist classic, Zhaolun, which established his unshakable position in the history of Buddhism. The other is Tan Sitong in the late Qing Dynasty, who lived for 33 years, but endowed Buddhism with modern spirit. If Seng Zhao is a "theoretical Buddhism", Tan Sitong has opened up the field of "applied Buddhism" for modern people, absorbed the spirit of Buddhism into the real society, and made Mahayana Buddhism walk out of the locked wall, reappearing its vigorous spirit. Buddhism is not surrounded by red walls, nor is it a pure land from which souls can escape, but a responsibility, not only for their own lives, but also for the lives of others. This is the Mahayana spirit of Buddhism. Remember the Buddha on earth? When he fled from the royal family and gave up power and wealth, his heart contained infinite pity and love for life. This compassion and love for all beings is responsibility. However, for a long time, China Buddhism, known as respecting Mahayana, has actually fallen into empty talk for thousands of years, making it difficult for people to understand its Mahayana spirit, and Mahayana's salvation to all beings has become empty talk. Tan Sitong was born in a severe moment of humiliation, civil strife and refugee abuse that China has never experienced for thousands of years. At this moment, which Buddhists are the compassionate care of Buddhism? Looking up is really disappointing. If Buddhism is only an ivory tower in mind, rather than being used for social improvement, then the equality it advocates will become a pale word. It is in this situation that Tan Sitong bravely opened up a Buddhist road pointing to social life by waving the sword of Buddhism and splitting thorns.

Tan Sitong's comet journey did not lie in his short life of 33 years old. Even more amazing, he didn't enter the Buddhist temple until the last few years of his life. 1896, Tan Sitong was thirty-one years old. This spring, he met Wu Yanzhou, Xia Zengyou and others in Beijing. Wu and Xia are famous for Buddhism, and Tan Sitong loves Buddhism. In the summer of the same year, I met Yang, a famous Buddhist in modern times, and studied Buddhism with Yang. Tan Sitong once said, "Mr. Wu Yanzhou and Mr. Jia Rui were the first mentors to learn Buddhism, and Mr. Yang Renshan was the second mentor. It is the conference of Jinling, which has a profound and subtle meaning. " Although Tan Sitong studied Buddhism very late, his learning foundation was extremely solid, and his early years were complicated and profound. Confucius, Mencius, Mohism, Neo-Confucianism and the science of night intercourse are everywhere. Only by studying Buddhism can he master all the knowledge and gradually guide himself to "benevolence" based on Buddhism. Although Tan Sitong studied Buddhism late, he came from behind, ambitious and diligent. Although he followed Yang Xuefo for less than a year, he could visit Sanzang all over, especially Fa and Hua Yan. In the article, Yang's disciple and a generation of Buddhist masters listed the outstanding Buddhist disciples under Yang's door. The first one was Tan Sitong: "The only layman has a large scale and many materials under his door. Tan Sitong is good at Hua Yan, Gui Bohua is good at Tantric Buddhism and Li Duan is good at it. But there are Zhang Taiyan, Sun Shaohou, Mei Jiyun, Li Zhenggang, Kuairuomu and Ouyang Jian. And they are also friends. "

Buddhism changed Tan Sitong's style of study, but what he learned in his early years made Tan Sitong try to lead Buddhism to the road of society and became a deep charge of modern Buddhist reform. Before Tan Sitong studied Buddhism, he took Confucianism as his study and Mohism as his practice. Tan sitong has advocated Mohism since his youth. He wrote in "Introduction to Benevolence": "I grew up ... I have the private ambition of Mohism." In Making a Book with Tang Dynasty, he said, "Over the past few years, I have been holding the ambition of never leaving, holding the theory of justice and equality, and trying my best to stretch the trombone. This is the strong reluctance of Mo Zhai and Sliding Bird." From Mozi's "universal love" to Buddha's "compassion" and "equality of all beings", religions and great philosophers have never talked about the ultimate way of life behind closed doors, but history has quietly made "compassion" an irrelevant empty talk, not a factual action, but a spiritual comfort rather than a major transformation of social life. Tan Sitong is determined to change people's image that Buddhism was born, passive and divorced from society.

Tan Sitong learned from Yang Xuefo and gradually built his own theoretical building. All kinds of theories in ancient and modern China and foreign countries meet in the heart, but if all rivers return to the sea, the sea is a profound Buddhism, and what is immersed in it is a compassionate and broad mind. From the beginning when Tan Sitong studied Buddhism, he had a strong feeling that there was not much time left in his life, although he was in his prime. This kind of thought often haunts my mind, which makes Tan Sitong study more bravely and diligently. Tan sitong wrote in a letter to Ouyang Zhonggu: "So I rekindled my great wish to hold the Buddha mantra day and night, and I interrupted it many times: I wish my old relatives good health and family safety; Second, I wish teachers and friends peace; I know that the catastrophe is coming, and I hope that all beings will be free from killing and death. " Liang Qichao recorded Tan Sitong's academic diligence in the Preface to Benevolence: "Every time you live in a house, you must sit on a couch, go up and down, be poor and arrogant, or waste a night's sleep and eat, and talk endlessly." If you don't meet every ten days, the book of things will be full. " With a mentor and a friend, and his thoughtful progress, Tan Sitong began to conceive and write the most important book: Benevolence.

Tan Sitong wrote Benevolence, which was the most diligent time for him to learn Buddhism. Roughly reading this book, he felt very miscellaneous, as if it had become a hodgepodge of Chinese and foreign thoughts, including Confucius, Mencius, Lao, Zhuang, Mo, Li, Yi, Zhou, Zhang, Lu, Wang, Chuanshan and Li Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, plus western astronomy, geography and physiology. Tan sitong called his knowledge "learning to break the trap": "Although there are many traps, nothing is promised. First of all, we should break the net of land separation, folklore, global ethnology, monarchy, ethics, heaven and global religion, and finally break the net of Buddhism. However, if you can really rush, there will be no net. If there is no net, you can rush. " This is a reassessment of the academic value of ancient and modern times. His profound knowledge and bold courage make people believe that if Tan Sitong had not died young, his academic achievements would never have been under Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. However, even if it is only benevolence and righteousness, Tan Sitong is enough to leave a brilliant mark on the modern history of China. More importantly, the death of Ren and Tan Sitong brought out the best in each other and constructed a great symbol of personality, which is the spirit that truly stands on the land of China.

3. Liuyang River and Tan Sitong

Liuyang River, an ancient book and a vicissitudes painting. The weather is fine, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant. We strolled in Tan Sitong Temple on the Liuyang River, smelling the ink, sticking to the context, feeling the magical nature with our hearts, tapping the famous river of historical sages with our feet, and all kinds of feelings rippled with the waves. Liang Qichao's calligraphy of "Enlightenment in the Republic of China" in the temple is awe-inspiring. On both sides is Kang Youwei's elegiac couplet. In the photo, Tan Sitong, with his left hand akimbo and his right hand holding a sword, has heavy eyebrows and eyes like electricity, which is awe-inspiring.

The Liuyang River is full of ancient spirits. Perhaps it is his indomitable and brave spirit that has brewed Tan Sitong's amazing work of political reform and reform.

On September 28th, the 24th year of Guangxu reign, when the river rushed to Beijing food market, Tan Sitong shouted to thousands of people: "If you want to kill a thief, you can't go back to heaven; A fair death honors the whole life! " A flash of sword light, like a torch of blood, lasted for nine days, leaving a magnificent rainbow in the historical sky of China.

Liuyang River gurgles like a song. Tan sitong's life is like this endless river. He came from an official's family and could have lived in the city and enjoyed himself. However, he has the "transformation" gene of Liuyang River, but he happened to meet an era of "I recommend Xuanyuan with blood". Faced with the broken mountains and rivers, Tan Sitong is determined to reform and save the people from fire and water. 1In July, 896, Tan Sitong wrote a 50,000-word magnum opus Benevolence, which established a brand-new theoretical system of China's political reform. Benevolence has absorbed the strengths of the reforms of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Mohism, such as The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Rites, Zhuangzi and Historical Records, and absorbed the reforms of democracy, freedom and human rights in the West, and put forward the idea that it is appropriate to learn from the West to make up for the death of ancient Chinese laws, which has been praised as "a shocking article" and "a declaration of human rights" by China's ideological circles.

After benevolent government, Tan Sitong began the practice of political reform. 1897, Tan Sitong founded the School of Current Affairs, founded Liuyang Confucian School of Mathematics and Academic Studies, published Xiangxuehai New Newspaper, and widely spread the idea of political reform. Tan Sitong said: "People-oriented, the monarch is the last. If the monarch is arrogant and indulgent and can't do things for the world, the people have the right to abolish him. To carry out political reform is to abolish absolute monarchy and return government to the people. This is the fundamental way to save the country! " Kang Youwei saw the charm of Huxiang culture from Tan Sitong's Clarifying the World's Records, and left a swan song of "bringing back the strange man from the dead and shining his sword". Ouyang Zhonggu was filled with emotion: China has been saved. Aren't his students the dawn of national rejuvenation?

However, saving the nation from extinction is a bloody road, just like Liuyang River in my hometown. How many bends do I have to make? In June of the 24th year of Guangxu, Tan Sitong was called to Beijing by Emperor Guangxu to implement the New Deal, and Cixi was furious. On September 2 1 day, Cixi imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai and ordered the execution of the New Party. Liang Qichao advised Tan Sitong to leave, and Tan said, "No traveler, no future, no dead, no reward for the Lord." Wang Wufu, a great warrior in Beijing, advised Tan Sitong to change his original intention. Tan patted the floor and said, "All political reforms in various countries are accomplished by bloodshed. Today, China has never heard of bloodshed caused by political reform, which is also the reason why this country is not prosperous. If so, please start from the beginning! " On 24th, Tan Sitong was arrested for Yuan Shikai's informer, leaving his swan song: Waiting for James Zhang and enduring Dugan's death for a moment. My smile goes from the horizontal knife to the sky and stays in the liver and gallbladder. "28th died, liuyang hall leadership Li Fengchi with him. The following year, the soul returned to its hometown and was buried in Zhaishui Village, Niushi Township, Liuyang. The tomb said: "Never grind, a piece of stone stands in the sky; A beautiful mountain, the mountains go to waves. "

4. Visit Tan Sitong's Tomb

A young soul lies between green mountains and green waters.

When I came, the sun was shining and the grass was green. When I came, a hundred years had passed between us. In this country, many things have changed and many things have not changed. I'm here to pay tribute to a martyr whose suffering endowed China with the pure character of the first great revolution in modern times. I'm here to explore the soil and water, which gave birth to China's own human rights declaration of "removing shackles and breaking the net".

Tan sitong's tomb is in the suburb of Liuyang. Mr. Tan Hengxu, Tan Sitong's grandnephew, accompanied him along the way. Mr. Tan told me that because Tan Sitong's tomb is relatively remote, ordinary tourists will not come, so it gives the owner a sense of tranquility.

The tomb of the martyrs on the hillside is different from the general cemetery in shape. The upper and lower arc-shaped stone slabs form an eye-shaped fence, guarding the bones of martyrs. The tomb area is not large, and the surface is inlaid with finger-sized pebbles. After a hundred years of wind and rain, pebbles have become the color of black soil. Seen from a distance, they are integrated. Only when you get closer will you discover the mystery. Behind the tomb are three relatively independent and combined white stone tablets. On the far right side of the auxiliary monument, the time of monument establishment is written: "Twenty-seven years of Guangxu, ugly summer". The main monument in the middle reads: "Tomb of Doctor Tan Gong in Qing Dynasty." On the leftmost auxiliary tablet, the name of the tablet builder is written: "Tan Weili, also a doctor". Mr. Tan Hengxu gave me a detailed explanation of the three stone tablets. The time to erect the monument is the third year after the martyrs were killed. In fact, in the second year after Tan Sitong's death, that is, 1898 (the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu), the Tan family restrained and buried his bones. However, the post-party forces were rampant for a while and continued to take high-handed measures against the reformists. In order to avoid disaster, the Tan family did not dare to erect a monument. It was not until 190 1 Boxer Rebellion that the Qing court was forced to change course and there was a trend of reform, and Tan Jiacai publicly erected a monument for Tan Sitong. The "Dr. Zhong Xian" on the main monument was Tan Sitong's highest official position before his death. Although he was executed after the coup, the court did not deprive him of his official position, so when the monument was erected, the people still used it. However, Tan Sitong had no children before his death, so the Tan family decided to let his nephew Tan Wei be his "son" and inherit the incense for him. The stone animals on both sides of the cemetery have been damaged to varying degrees, but the grass here is particularly dense. Does the grass have spirit? It volunteered to decorate the martyrs' cemetery and comfort the loneliness of the martyrs.

When Tan Sitong died, according to an old man who witnessed it at the scene, his death was extremely tragic. Before his execution, Tan Sitong shouted: "If you want to kill a thief, you can't go back to heaven. A fair death honors the whole life! " The executioner didn't cut off his head three times in a row. The beheading minister was resolute and panicked, and ordered Tan Sitong to fall to the ground directly, and the executioner even cut several knives. That year, Tan Sitong was just 34 years old and was preparing to show his talents in the political reform. In the middle of the night, the old housekeeper spent a dozen taels of silver and hired several coolies to carry the body back from the execution ground and put it under the old pagoda tree in the backyard of Tan Jia, Liuyang Hall. When people sew up the head and neck, they find deep knife marks on the scapula.

I bowed deeply to the martyrs on the grass in front of the tomb, and Mr. Tan Hengxu returned my gift in the right front of the cemetery. After the ceremony, the old man burst into tears and couldn't control himself. It is really the legacy of the Tan family to act spontaneously and reveal the true feelings. I talked to the old man about Tan Sitong's posthumous work Benevolence, which I value most. The old man was overjoyed and said that this masterpiece had been ignored for a long time. In fact, it can be called the Chinese people's own declaration of human rights in modern history. This masterpiece "Writing the Disaster of the Millennium" clearly points out: "The world is the private property in the pocket of the monarch, not today, but for a thousand years." For thousands of years, China's traditional political and ethical feelings have been ingeniously blended, leading to the bloody brutality being hidden behind the warm veil of human relations. In the works of many scholars, the long autocratic society has become an idyll that can never be sung. After Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi and Dai Zhen, Tan Sitong put forward the most powerful criticism of oriental absolutism in benevolence, far exceeding other reformist thinkers of his time. He keenly felt the pulse of China, a terminally ill patient, and thought that a serious illness required drastic medicine. "Save the world seriously ill people, with the world medicine; People who save the world from great danger denounce the great practice of sinking the world. "

Wang Chuanshan said that "going through hardships but not being poor, getting sick and dying without being chaotic" is the highest requirement for people's mind and tolerance. How many people have been able to do these two things since ancient times? Undoubtedly, Tan Sitong is one of them. Kang Youwei once praised Tan Sitong like this: "With a gentleman's talent, he dares to learn Aobo, but his writing is magnificent, his thoughts are far-reaching, his humanity is heavy, he takes the world as his duty, saves the country as his duty, and he is brave and resolute." However, why can't our nation tolerate such geniuses and heroes? Tan sitong must prove his justice by being killed. What a sad and absurd reality! This cemetery is not only our glory, but also our shame.

We walked slowly down the hillside, feeling like iron in our hearts. Looking back at the cemetery, it has disappeared behind a farmer's white wall and blue tiles.