Analysis on the influence on the development of modern tourism

Your question seems incomplete. Are you talking about influence or development? It seems that I want to talk about influence, and there are many papers. If you don't know what the key points are, you can supplement them. The following references are attached with 1 paper. Thanks in advance 100 points.

Reference:

The development of modern tourism originated after the Second World War, and has maintained a high-speed development. Especially since 1990s, the annual growth rate of world tourists and tourism income has exceeded 10%, and the development prospect of tourism is very bright. However, the rapid development of tourism in the 20th century not only brought crowds of tourists and prosperous economy, but also brought many problems. Tourism has always been called "smokeless industry" and "sunrise industry", and it is one of the fastest growing industries in China's national economy since the reform and opening up. When people return to nature and go to the countryside, environmental tourism has become an important form of modern tourism. The so-called environmental tourism refers to all kinds of tourism activities that take place in the natural environment. In recent years, China's tourism industry has developed very rapidly with great market potential. Therefore, many cities regard the development of environmental tourism as an important part of their urban development strategy, and the development of environmental tourism is also a prerequisite for the development of modern tourism in China. 1 Basic conditions for developing modern tourism Although tourism is a tertiary industry with low threshold and low investment, it must have certain basic conditions if it is to be successfully built into an important means of developing the national economy. 1. 1 The rapid development of tourism environment and industrial civilization has stimulated people's demand for outdoor space. Returning to nature is regarded as a good medicine to cure urban diseases, and good environmental quality has become a strong tourist attraction. Nowadays, environmental awareness is deeply rooted in people's hearts. If there is no high-quality natural environment and no matter how good the tourism resources are, a place cannot become a tourist destination. Therefore, to develop modern tourism, we must improve the environment. A good tourism environment is the premise and primary condition for developing modern tourism. 1.2 Development of tourism products The connotation and extension of tourism products are extremely rich and extensive, and it is difficult to define them clearly by simply using the classification method of general products. Some things and phenomena cannot be classified as tourism products today, but it is difficult to guarantee that they will never be classified as tourism products in the future; Some things and phenomena are attractive to some people and may not be attractive to others. The diversity and uncertainty of tourism products determine the complexity of tourism products; Therefore, the development of tourism products should not only follow the same laws of general products, but also consider their special laws. First of all, the development of tourism products should pay attention to both "promising" and "inaction". Secondly, the development of tourism products should be both "realistic" and "illusory". Third, the development of tourism products is mainly product innovation. Finally, when developing tourism products, we should pay attention to seeking differences in similarities and seeking common ground in differences. At the same time, in the development of tourism products, we must pay attention to the following four principles: ① environmental benefit principle, ② local conditions principle, ③ economic benefit principle and ④ social benefit principle. 1.3 developing ability and efficiency If a country wants to develop tourism successfully, it must pay attention to the improvement of tourism development ability and efficiency, revitalize resources, enlarge the market, and get the maximum return with the least investment. First, the improvement of the existing economic structure, the higher the degree of economic development, the healthier the economy, and the more conducive to the success of tourism development. The second is the present situation and potential of tourist reception facilities. This is the key to the development of tourism, which largely determines the benefits of tourism. The third is the convenience of transportation, which should make it convenient for tourists to come and go. The fourth is the ability of tourism development. Fifth, the administrative ability and level of local governments to manage and guide the development of tourism should not only standardize the market behavior of tourism practitioners, but also guide the passenger flow to make it run in an orderly manner. 2. The strategic model of modern tourism development 2. 1 The government-led model is to give full play to the leading role of the government, and strive for greater development of tourism on the basis of market-oriented allocation of resources according to its own characteristics. The main body of the government-led model is the government, and the foundation is the market. Governments at all levels, tourism management departments at all levels and various tourism enterprises form multiple cross-combinations. Although their responsibilities and division of labor in the market are different, the operation of the market and the development of tourism need their cooperation, thus forming a complete system to promote the development of tourism. The main contents of the government-led model include idea-led, policy-led, management-led and capital-led. The main measures to realize the government-led model are: to establish and improve the tourism legal system, so that tourism management can be brought into the track of legal management; Bring the tourism management department into the sequence of government departments, improve and expand its authority and function to meet the needs of the great development of tourism; Levy tourism tax; Increase investment in promotion and so on. 2.2 The market demand-oriented model is to coordinate the relationship between the suppliers of tourism commodities according to the market potential of tourism, so that they can provide tourism services in a coordinated manner in time and region, and the needs of tourists can be fully met. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed greatly, and people's living standards have also improved greatly, which has greatly promoted the great development of modern tourism. After solving the problem of food and clothing, people will inevitably seek spiritual satisfaction. However, due to the serious lack of traditional natural and human landscapes, some cities have to vigorously develop various leisure and entertainment facilities to meet the demand. At the same time, its own urban civilization and economic gravity radiate to areas outside these cities. Its biggest feature is that the start of tourism has grown up under the influence of the city's own leisure and entertainment needs. Although the market demand is strong, the provision of tourism products and services lags behind the growth of demand. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to increase the construction of artificial landscapes, improve the urban environment, improve tourism service facilities and diversify services, so that huge market demand can be transformed into economic and social benefits as soon as possible. 2.3 The new economic growth point model promotes the adjustment of China's industrial structure, relieves the current employment pressure and improves the vitality of the state-owned economy by identifying tourism as a new economic growth point of the national economy. Compared with other industries, tourism, as a new economic growth point, has the following advantages: First, it has broad market prospects and is an eternal sunrise industry. Second, it has strong ability to earn foreign exchange, low exchange cost and competitive advantage in the international market. Third, the linkage drive function is strong, which can directly or indirectly drive the development of related industries. Fourth, there are many employment opportunities and low employment costs. The fifth is to expand international exchanges and promote reform and opening up. The sixth is to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and society. Therefore, it is feasible to choose and determine tourism as a new economic growth point, and the strategy of economic growth point has also become an important aspect of the tourism development strategy system. 2.4 Resource-oriented mode is to rationally develop tourism resources according to China's own conditions, and strive for more tourism space and a more suitable tourism environment. Traditional tourism resources are very rich, such as beautiful scenery, numerous places of interest, profound cultural accumulation, unique architectural features and typical folk customs. Their most prominent advantage in developing tourism is its attractive natural and human landscape, which is the most favorable and important factor for us to develop tourism and belongs to a typical "resource-based" development model. Looking at the development of this kind of tourism, we can clearly see that it is the uniqueness and comprehensive taste of natural and cultural resources that make it occupy a place in the fierce market competition, and the improvement of infrastructure, reception conditions and humanistic environment has also played a certain role. However, in order to make tourism develop healthily and continuously, we must adopt the sustainable development mode of protective development to prevent over-exploitation or unreasonable development, otherwise it will bring irreparable losses to the development of tourism. 2.5 Sustainable development mode To develop tourism, we should not only pay attention to economic and social benefits, but also pay attention to environmental benefits, so as to achieve the unity of economic, social and environmental benefits, thus ensuring the sustainable development of tourism. Tourism and its development inevitably destroy the natural environment of tourist destinations and have a negative impact on their social culture, which is the main reason why people have heated debates on the advantages and disadvantages of developing tourism and tourism. Tourism researchers and tourism workers should have a clear understanding of this. 1989, The Hague Tourism Declaration adopted by the "Inter-Parliamentary Tourism Conference" pointed out that protecting the natural, cultural and human environment from destruction is the basic condition for developing tourism. Therefore, it is inevitable for the sustainable development of tourism to attach importance to and protect the environment of tourist destinations. The Tourism Agenda of 2 1 century points out that tourism must take actions in environmental protection, otherwise "it may cause irreparable losses to scenery, wildlife, historic sites and buildings and cultural diversity", so "morally speaking, tourism has the responsibility to take the lead in realizing sustainable development". This not only reflects the serious threat of tourism and tourism to the environment, but also shows that tourism attaches importance to environmental protection. To implement the strategy of sustainable development, we must rationally use and vigorously protect tourism resources and economic resources such as capital, raw materials, energy, technology and talents. By taking various favorable measures, on the one hand, we should make rational use of tourism resources and properly handle the relationship between development, utilization and protection; On the other hand, comprehensive utilization of economic resources. Only in this way can tourism and tourism really achieve sustainable development. Modern Tourism Development Strategy @ Pang Haifeng $ Finance and Taxation Department of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law! Wuhan 430060

@ Xin Wang $ Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Department of Finance and Taxation! Wuhan, China 430060; ; Modern tourism; ; Strategic environmental tourism is one of the important strategies to develop tourism. To develop modern tourism, we need to break through the traditional misunderstanding of "relying on resources to develop", but we also need certain basic conditions. Therefore, we should adopt corresponding development strategies according to local conditions. In practice, we should also pay attention to sustainable development, investment burden and marketing. & lt 1 & gt； Wei Xiangdong. Introduction to tourism. China Forestry Press, 2000.

Zhao Xiping, editor-in-chief of<2>. Tourism human resource management. Nankai university press, 200 1.

& lt3> DeDeHai. Tourism management information system. Nankai University Press, 2000.

& lt4> Ouyang Bin. Urban tourism. Urban development research, 200 1(4)? Oshima Coal shed man? What about tanning? Leg fan? What happened to me, Lumu? Confused? What about Xing's mourning for Shang Xingyu? What's the matter with you? I'm scared, ⒄, why don't you turn around? Correction? .4 Resource-oriented mode is to rationally develop tourism resources according to China's own conditions, and strive for more tourism space and more suitable tourism environment. Tourism resources in the traditional sense are very rich, such as beautiful landscapes, numerous places of interest, profound cultural accumulation, unique architectural style and typical folk customs. Their most prominent advantage in developing tourism is its attractive natural and human landscape, which is the most favorable and important factor for us to develop tourism and belongs to a typical "resource-based" development model. Looking at the development of this kind of tourism, we can clearly see that it is the uniqueness and comprehensive taste of natural and cultural resources that make it occupy a place in the fierce market competition, and the improvement of infrastructure, reception conditions and humanistic environment has also played a certain role. However, in order to make tourism develop healthily and continuously, we must adopt the sustainable development mode of protective development to prevent over-exploitation or unreasonable development, otherwise it will bring irreparable losses to the development of tourism. 2.5 Sustainable development mode To develop tourism, we should not only pay attention to economic and social benefits, but also pay attention to environmental benefits, so as to achieve the unity of economic, social and environmental benefits, thus ensuring the sustainable development of tourism. Tourism and its development inevitably destroy the natural environment of tourist destinations and have a negative impact on their social culture, which is the main reason for the heated debate on the advantages and disadvantages of developing tourism and tourism. Tourism researchers and tourism workers should have a clear understanding of this. From 65438 to 0989, The Hague Tourism Declaration adopted by the tourism conferences of national parliaments pointed out that protecting the natural, cultural and human environment from destruction is the basic condition for developing tourism. Therefore, it is inevitable for the sustainable development of tourism to attach importance to and protect the environment of tourist destinations. "2 1 Century Tourism Agenda" points out that tourism must be in environmental protection.

Re-summary of modern tourism development strategy

book list

Modern Tourism Development Strategy Y was put forward by Pang Haifeng, Xin Wang, Ecological Economy Unknown 2002.

Investigation and thinking on the present situation of ecotourism development in China

Subtitle:

Author: Anonymous article Source: Big Secretary [please add a link to this site] Click: 736 Update Time: 2006- 1- 12

Paper: Investigation and reflection on the current situation of ecotourism development in China.

introduce

In order to actively promote eco-tourism all over the world, the United Nations designated 2002 as the "Year of Eco-tourism". As one of the activities of the United Nations "Year of Ecotourism", the World Ecotourism Summit was held in Quebec, Canada from May 6 to 22. At the meeting, more than 65,438+0,000 representatives from public, private and non-governmental sectors in 65,438+0.32 countries discussed the development of ecotourism and made suggestions. The conference issued the Quebec Eco-tourism Declaration, which will be submitted to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) to be held in South Africa from August to September 2002. As a positive response to the United Nations "Year of Ecotourism", many countries and local institutions also held various types of seminars in 2002.

The United Nations "Year of Ecotourism" and a series of activities around the theme year have promoted better cooperation among governments, ecotourism operators and consumers, and provided opportunities for the development of ecotourism in the world. This will also promote the development of ecotourism research and practice in China.

As early as 1999, China National Tourism Administration designated this year as the "Year of Eco-environmental Tourism", and various localities also took the opportunity to launch some eco-tourism products and carry out vigorous eco-tourism practice activities in China. With the deepening of environmental protection concept and the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy, eco-tourism has also made great progress.

Especially in recent years, many eco-tourism areas are located in the west or remote and poor mountainous areas. Tourism has been regarded as the dominant industry in the west and poor areas with good resource endowment and has become an important substitute industry for industrial restructuring. Eco-tourism is a form of tourism that gives consideration to economic, environmental and social benefits. It is highly respected and has become an important choice for the western region and remote and poor areas to get rid of poverty and adhere to sustainable development.

However, due to a series of problems in the development of ecotourism, ecotourism has attracted much attention and high hopes, but it has also attracted a lot of criticism. What is real ecotourism? How to realize the harmony and unity of many goals of ecotourism, so as to promote the successful practice of ecotourism? It is an urgent task to summarize and analyze the problems existing in the development of eco-tourism in China and clear the obstacles for the next development of eco-tourism in China in the fourth year of implementing the "Year of Eco-tourism" in China.

First, the concept and practical development of ecotourism

(A) the concept of eco-tourism put forward

Who first put forward the concept of "eco-tourism" is still inconclusive [1][ 1]. Most people think that the term "ecotourism" was first put forward by Ceballos-Lascurain, a Mexican expert and special consultant of IUCN, in the early 1980s. However, it was not until 1992 that the United Nations World Conference on Environment and Development was held that the concept and principle of sustainable development were put forward and popularized worldwide, and ecotourism, as the main form of sustainable development of tourism, was widely studied and practiced worldwide.

After the concept of "ecotourism" was put forward, many organizations and researchers in the world defined ecotourism from different angles. So far, there is no unified and recognized definition, and there are different opinions on the connotation of ecotourism. However, the goal of ecotourism has been basically recognized: ecotourism should protect the diversity of natural resources and organisms, maintain the sustainability of resource utilization and realize the sustainable development of tourism. In order to achieve this goal better, eco-tourism should promote the development of local economy. Only when the economy develops can we really attach importance to and protect nature. At the same time, eco-tourism should also highlight the significance of environmental education for tourists, and eco-tourism managers should pay more attention to and protect nature.

As Francois, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, pointed out in his speech at the World Ecotourism Summit, "Ecotourism and its sustainable development shoulder three urgent missions: stimulating economic vitality and reducing poverty; Society should create employment opportunities for the most vulnerable groups; The environment should provide necessary financial resources for the protection of natural and cultural resources. All participants in ecotourism must work together for the three important goals of Qixin. "

(b) International ecotourism practice

At present, eco-tourism has become a hot spot in the development of world tourism, and the practical field of eco-tourism is also expanding. The regions and countries that developed eco-tourism earlier have also accumulated rich experience in practice.

1, the main fields and contents of ecotourism practice

Africa is one of the important cradles of ecotourism in the world, and wildlife resources have attracted worldwide attention. Especially in southern Africa, represented by Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Botswana, Ghana and other countries, it has become a hot spot of international ecotourism.

In America, the area where ecotourism is developed is the Amazon River Basin, and the representative countries are Costa Rica, Honduras, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Chile, the United States and Canada.

In Asia, the earliest ecotourism activities appeared in India, Nepal, Indonesia and Malaysia.

In addition, Britain, Germany, Japan and Australia have also developed ecotourism.

The main eco-tourism activities in these regions and countries include wildlife visits, primitive tribal tours, ecological observation, river cruises, forest hiking, bird watching, animal ecological education and visits by indigenous people.

2. The main experience of international ecotourism development.

In the process of ecotourism development, the above countries and regions have taken a series of effective measures, including: (1) legislation to protect the ecological environment. For example, in 19 16, the United States passed the bill to establish the National Park Administration, and the management of national parks was brought into the track of legalization. In Britain, 1993 passed the new National Park Protection Act, aiming at strengthening the protection of natural landscape and ecological environment. Since the 1992 Rio Conference, Japan has formulated the Basic Law on the Environment. Finland has enacted a nature protection law. (2) Formulate development plans and strategies. 1994, the United States made an eco-tourism development plan to meet the growing demand of tourists for eco-tourism. Australia has invested100000 Australian dollars to implement the national ecological development strategy. The Mexican government has formulated the "2 1 century plan for tourism", and eco-tourism is the key promotion project of this plan. The Kenyan government has formulated many important national development strategies, among which ecotourism is regarded as a key project. (3) Publicity of tourism environmental protection. In the process of developing ecotourism, many countries have put forward different slogans and initiatives. For example, the United Kingdom launched the "Green Tourism" campaign, and the Japan Tourism Association held several seminars aimed at protecting the ecology, and issued the "Declaration of Tourists Protecting the Earth". (4) Pay attention to the interests of local people. Kenya is a country with an early development of eco-tourism. In the process of eco-tourism, it put forward the "Wildlife Development and Benefit Sharing Plan". By changing the traditional fishing methods, the Philippines not only developed ecotourism, but also provided another source of income for local people. (5) Strengthen management through various technical means. In many countries that develop eco-tourism, the management of eco-tourism areas has been strengthened by strictly controlling the number of tourists entering the eco-tourism areas, constantly monitoring the impact of human behavior on the natural ecology, and using professional technology to minimize waste and save water resources. The Australian Joint Tourism Department, the Australian Tourism Association and other institutions have also issued a series of eco-tourism guidance manuals [2][2]. In addition, many countries have implemented the system of separation of operation and management, and implemented the licensing system to strengthen management.

First, the development status of ecotourism in China

Although the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature expounded by eco-tourism can be found in ancient Chinese philosophers, as a clear formulation of eco-tourism, it is completely imported. The development of eco-tourism in China can be summarized from two aspects: theoretical research and practice in China:

(a) Ecotourism research

Although tourism and environmental issues closely related to eco-tourism attracted the attention of the tourism industry as early as the early 1970s, the concept of "eco-tourism" was introduced to China from abroad and gradually accepted. Until1September, 1993, the "First Congress of National Parks and Nature Reserves in East Asia" was held in Beijing and the document "Outline of Action Plan of East Asian Protected Areas" was adopted, which marked the first time that the concept of ecotourism was confirmed in the form of a document in China [3].

1995, "The First Ecotourism Seminar in China" was held in Xishuangbanna. The conference was jointly organized by china tourism association, Eco-tourism Professional Committee and related units, and 1 18 scholars attended the seminar. The meeting discussed the definition and connotation of ecotourism; The relationship between ecotourism and natural tourism protection; How to implement environmental education in eco-tourism; The comprehensive evaluation and overall strategy of sustainable utilization of eco-tourism resources in China, such as the optimization of eco-tourism routes, were discussed, and the "China Initiative for Developing Eco-tourism" was published at the meeting, which marked the concern of China on eco-tourism and the starting point of eco-tourism research. After the seminar, articles on eco-tourism research were frequently published in various journals, which made the concept of "eco-tourism" widely accepted in China.

In the following ten years, a large number of documents on ecotourism research focused on the basic theoretical research of ecotourism, such as its definition, connotation interpretation, function discussion and feature description. Many experts and scholars have endowed the concept of "eco-tourism" with China characteristics according to the national conditions of China. There are dozens of definitions of "eco-tourism" in China, and some concepts and definitions have aroused widespread concern and even controversy. For a time, there were different opinions about the connotation of eco-tourism.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the practical study of ecotourism in China. In practical research, two hot spots have been formed, one is the study on the judgment and concern of ecotourism conditions in China, and the other is the case study on ecotourism planning in a specific region.

(B) Eco-tourism practice

Eco-tourism in China is mainly developed by relying on nature reserves, forest parks and scenic spots. From 65438 to 0982, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the first national forest park in China, was established, which organically combined tourism development with ecological environment protection. Since then, the construction of forest parks and forest eco-tourism have developed by leaps and bounds. Although the forest tourism developed at this time is not eco-tourism in the strict sense, it provides a good foundation for the development of eco-tourism. By the beginning of 1999, nearly 900 forest parks of different types and levels had been built in China. Since the establishment of the first batch of nature reserves in 1956, by the end of 1997, * * has built 932 nature reserves of various types, including 124 at the national level, and 14 officially approved to join the world biosphere reserve network. There are 5 12 scenic spots in China with a total area of 96,000 square kilometers.

The theme activities of' 99 Kunming World Expo and 1999 National Tourism Administration's' 99 Eco-environmental Tourism' have greatly promoted the practice of eco-tourism in China. 1999, Chengdu, Sichuan took the world tourism day main venue as an opportunity to launch Jiuzhaigou, Huanglong, Emei Mountain, Leshan Giant Buddha and other scenic spots to develop eco-tourism products. Subsequently, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Hunan Province held an international forest protection festival and launched eco-tourism areas such as Wulingyuan. Starting from Hunan and Sichuan, eco-tourism has gradually developed nationwide. In 200 1 year, a survey of nature reserves at or above the provincial level in China shows that 82 nature reserves have officially started to travel, and the number of nature reserves with annual tourists exceeding 1 10,000 yuan has reached 12.

1, the main field of ecotourism development practice

At present, China's open eco-tourism areas mainly include forest parks, scenic spots and nature reserves. The areas with earlier and more mature ecotourism development mainly include Shangri-La, Zhongdian, Xishuangbanna, Changbai Mountain, Lancang River Basin, Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong and Hanas, Xinjiang. According to the types of eco-tourism, the famous eco-tourism scenic spots in China can be divided into the following nine categories: 1) Mountain eco-scenic spots, represented by five mountains, famous Buddhist mountains and famous Taoist mountains. 2) Lake ecological scenic spots are represented by Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain, Xinghu Lake in Zhaoqing and Qinghai Lake in Qinghai. 3) The forest ecological scenic spots are represented by Changbai Mountain in Jilin, Shennongjia in Hubei and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. 4) The grassland ecological scenic spot is represented by Hulunbeier grassland in Inner Mongolia. 5) Marine ecological scenic spots are represented by mangrove coast in Beihai, Guangxi and Wenchang, Hainan. 6) Bird-watching ecological scenic spots are represented by Jiangxi Poyang Lake wintering migratory bird nature reserve and Qinghai Lake Bird Island. 7) The ice and snow eco-tourism area is represented by Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang, Yunnan and Changbai Mountain in Yanbian, Jilin. 8) The drifting ecological scenic spot is represented by Shennongjia, Hubei. 9) The hiking adventure ecological scenic spots are represented by Mount Everest, Lop Nur Desert and Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Tibet [4].

2. The main types of ecotourism products in China.

As early as 1999, the eco-tourism types were mainly bird watching, wildlife tourism, cycling tourism, drifting tourism, desert adventure, environmental protection, natural ecological investigation, skiing tourism, mountaineering adventure, Shangri-La adventure tour, ocean tour and so on, and 63 items were recommended to the world. There are 7 scenic spots in China, including China Biosphere Reserve 19 and China Botanical Garden 1 1. From 65438 to 0999, the National Tourism Administration and relevant departments gradually planned, developed and built a number of eco-tourism areas, the main types of which are oceans, mountains, deserts, grasslands, tropical animals and plants and so on. At present, the form of eco-tourism in China has developed from primitive natural landscape to semi-artificial ecological landscape, and the tourist targets include Yuan Ye, glaciers, nature reserves and rural pastoral landscapes. The forms of eco-tourism include sightseeing, viewing, scientific research, exploration, hunting, fishing, pastoral picking and eco-agricultural activities, showing a diversified pattern.