How to identify foreign currency

In actual operation, how to identify the country of foreign currency?

The characters on the currency notes of various countries are different, and the designs of the banknotes are also different. If you identify them purely based on the patterns, it will be easy to be confused. For example, the British pound, Canadian dollar, New Zealand dollar and other Commonwealth countries' currencies all have the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II printed on them. It would be wrong to think that the British pound is the British pound with the queen's portrait printed on it. There are also some countries whose currency units have the same name, such as "yuan". If you confirm the currency country based on the currency name, it is easy to make a mistake.

The correct approach is to look at the name of the issuing institution printed on the face of the foreign currency. The banknotes issued by a certain country or the central bank of a certain country are the currency in circulation in that country. Obviously, this requires some knowledge of foreign languages. The following is an introduction to the country identification methods of four common foreign currencies, including the US dollar, Japanese yen, German mark, and French franc.

The name of the issuing institution U.S. FEDEERAL RESERVE BANK (Federal Reserve Bank of the United States) is printed on the U.S. dollar banknotes, and the country name THE U-NIED STATES OF AMERICAN (United States of America) is printed on the bottom and back of the banknotes. The front left of the banknotes Also printed on the side is the emblem of the Federal Reserve Bank. The name of the issuing institution NIPPON BANK (Bank of Japan) is printed on the Japanese yen banknotes, and the words "Japanese Bank Notes" are printed on the front of the banknotes. The name of the issuing institution DEUTSCHE BUNDES BANK (Deutsche Bundesbank) is printed on the German mark banknotes, and the name of the issuing agency DEUTSCHE BUNDES BANK (Deutsche Bundesbank) is printed on the front of the banknotes. There is also a round Deutsche Bundesbank mark. The French franc is printed with the name of the issuing institution BANQUE DE FRANCE (Bank of France).

Banknotes are printed with face value, and most banknotes in the world are determined by face value. As the face value increases, the size of the note also increases, and the colors and designs are different, making it easier to distinguish the face value. This is also the case for most banknotes from European and Asian countries. There are many exceptions. The face value of banknotes from the United States, Canada, Argentina and other countries in the Americas has nothing to do with the face value. The sizes of various types of coupons are the same, and the designs are all in the same tone. If you are not careful, you will get it wrong. When identifying banknotes from these countries, you must pay attention to the denomination printed on the banknote (composed of Arabic numerals and uppercase numerals) to prevent economic losses caused by "converting small amounts to large amounts"

Foreign currency versions and differences. Circulation situation

There are many versions of currencies around the world, including new and old versions. In some countries, there are mixed versions of new and old currencies. Moreover, there are generally four reasons for currency changes. First, currency depreciation requires currency reform. , issue new banknotes at the same time; second, there are too many counterfeit currency banknotes, and banknotes need to be reprinted; third, banknotes have been in circulation for many years, and new banknotes are issued in order to improve the quality of banknote printing; fourth, there is a change of national power, and the new government issues new banknotes .

When a new version of banknotes is issued, the old banknotes are gradually recycled. Different countries have different recycling regulations. Specifically, there are the following situations: 1. After the new banknotes are issued, Instead of declaring the old banknotes to be out of circulation, they will no longer be released until all are withdrawn. 2. After the issuance of new banknotes, the issuing bank declares the old banknotes to be out of circulation, but they can continue to be exchanged with the issuing institution for a considerable period of time. 3. Issuance. After the new currency, the old version of the currency will cease to be circulated and will soon become invalid. It can be seen that the following four different versions and circulation conditions of currency may appear. The first is the new version of currency. The first is the old version of currency that is still in circulation but is still valuable. The fourth is that the old version of currency has stopped circulating and has lost its legal value. In the above situation, the correct approach is: the first and second currencies are currencies currently in circulation and can be redeemed; the third banknote cannot be redeemed directly, but can be sent for collection; the fourth banknote cannot be redeemed either. Collection cannot be done.

In order to accurately identify various currencies, you need to always know what denominations and styles a certain currency has, which denominations and styles of banknotes have been issued and stopped, and which ones have been stopped. When will the banknotes withdraw from circulation, the period of withdrawal, the time when they lose legal value, etc., to determine whether to collect this currency. Information on changes in banknotes comes from notices from foreign issuing institutions, notices from overseas branches of my country's banking institutions, and information from some foreign newspapers and magazines.

How to distinguish whether a certain currency is currently in circulation? This requires understanding the format of foreign currency, because banks in relevant countries generally use currency format as the standard for classification when notifying whether currency is in circulation.

How to identify true and false watermarks

The banknote watermark technology was first used on bank notes issued by the Swedish "Stockholm Bank" in 1665. This is an ancient, traditional anti-counterfeiting technology. Long-term practice has proven that because it is produced by a specialized department for printing banknotes, it has a complex process and is difficult to copy. It has a good anti-counterfeiting function. This technology has been widely used in banknotes in various countries around the world. Counterfeit banknotes also have imitation fake watermarks, which are very important for identifying real and fake banknotes.

Watermarks are formed during the papermaking process. During papermaking, the density of fibers is increased or decreased according to the designed pattern, making the paper different in thickness, showing multi-layered portraits or graphics of light and dark, and clear perspective in the light. As you can see, this is the watermark.

Watermarks are divided into fixed watermarks, semi-fixed continuous watermarks and full-page watermarks according to different production processes. The fixed watermark has a fixed position on the banknote, an accurate shape, and rich layers, showing a good anti-counterfeiting effect. Semi-fixed continuous watermark is made on a certain part of the banknote. The width is fixed, the length is continuous, repeated, and can be divided. There is a full-page watermark, and there are watermark patterns on the entire banknote. The distribution is random and there is no fixed position. The watermarks on counterfeit banknotes are all imitation fake watermarks: a stamp coated with a certain greasy substance is stamped on the surface of the paper, a fake watermark is printed with colorless paint or white ink, and some are printed on the inside of two pasted papers. There are many kinds of fake watermarks, such as fake watermarks in which white paste is applied on the sandwich between two pieces of paper and stamped with an impression.

How to identify true and false watermarks?

1. Determine whether the watermark pattern is in the normal position. If the position of the fixed watermark pattern is greatly different, generally speaking, it is likely to be a fake watermark (there are very few real banknotes with large deviations in watermark patterns).

2. The printed or stamped fake watermark (on the surface of the banknote paper or inside the two pasted papers), when viewed against the light, the outline of the pattern is particularly clear, while the outline of the watermark pattern on the real banknote is all Relatively clear, the pattern is soft and smooth. The fake watermark printed on the surface of the banknote paper has obvious imprints when viewed from the side and tilted to the light. Under the illumination of a purple light, the pattern is clearly visible, but the real banknote cannot be seen.

3. For portraits with fixed watermarks, genuine banknotes have a natural look, three-dimensional layers, and natural transitions between black, gray, and white. Fake watermarks have a dull and unnatural look, and some characters are unresembling or blurry.

4. There are two sides of the watermark on genuine banknotes. One side is relatively flat, and the other side is slightly convex. It feels embossed when touched by hand. Both sides of the fake watermark are flat. A paste substance is applied in the middle of two pieces of tissue paper and the fake watermark is stamped. The paper also feels embossed when touched by hand, and some are too embossed. The transparency of the watermarked part of the paper is measured by light perspective. Very poor and thicker than other parts.