What is the scope and characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet region?

brief introduction

Natural characteristics

river

the?Qinghai-Xizang Railway

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction

The Qinghai-Tibet region is located in the southwest of China, west of Hengduan Mountains, north of Himalayan Mountains, south of Kunlun Mountains, Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains, including Qinghai Province in Xizang Autonomous Region, southwest of Gansu in western Sichuan and southern border areas of Xinjiang. The area accounts for about 25% of the whole country, and the population is less than 1% of the whole country. This is a Tibetan community in China. Xizang Autonomous Region borders Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal and other countries. Most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is over 4,000 meters above sea level. It is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, and is known as the "roof of the world". It is the highest altitude and the largest plateau lake area in the world, with more than 1000 lakes, of which Qinghai Lake covers an area of 4,340 square meters.

[Edit this paragraph] Natural features

The Qinghai-Tibet region has become a unique region because of its towering terrain. The Qinghai-Tibet region is known as the "roof of the world" with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. Another remarkable natural feature brought by "high" is "cold". Many mountain peaks are covered with snow all year round and have wide glaciers.

[Edit this paragraph] Rivers

Yellow River Yangtze River (Jinsha River) Lancang River (Mekong River) Nujiang River (salween) Yarlung Zangbo River (Brahmaputra River) Ganges Indus River

[Edit this paragraph] Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a total length of 1956 km, with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters and 960 km, of which 550 km passes through the plateau permafrost region. Its highest point is located at Tanggula Pass, with an altitude of 5072 meters, and it is covered with snow all year round. It is known as "the closest railway to the sky" and "the highest railway in the world". Building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an important strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century. It is one of the four landmark projects in the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the first key project in the western development. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province in the north and ends in Lhasa City in Xizang Autonomous Region in the south, with a total length of about 1956 km, of which about 846 km from Xining to Golmud was completed on 1984. The Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is about to start construction, leads from Golmud Railway Station, an important town in western Qinghai Province, passes through Nanshankou, goes to the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, passes through Nachitai, Wudaoliang, Tuotuo and Yanshiping, crosses Tanggula Mountain, enters Xizang Autonomous Region, and then passes through Amdo, Naqu, Dangxiong and Yangbajing, and reaches Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region. The route is basically parallel to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through nature reserves such as Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang. Because of its unique environmental protection design and construction, it is also called the first "environmental protection railway" in China.

Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world today. The area above 4000 meters above sea level is 960 kilometers, and the highest point crossing Tanggula Mountain is 5072 meters. After years of continuous frozen soil section of 550 kilometers, it passes through the 9-degree earthquake intensity zone of 2 16 kilometers. Along the line, it is cold and anoxic, with fragile ecological environment and active crustal movement. Building a railway in such an area is very exploratory and scientific, and the construction task is arduous. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel is the highest railway tunnel in the world. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is located at an altitude of 4,767 meters, with a total length of 1686 meters, making it the longest frozen soil tunnel in the world.

The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will end the history that Xizang Autonomous Region is closed to railways, further improve the traffic conditions and investment environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote the development of Tibet's resources and rapid economic development. It will play an important role in strengthening the ties between the mainland and Tibet, promoting cultural exchanges between Tibetans and ethnic groups, enhancing national unity and benefiting people along the route.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining in Qinghai in the east and ends in Lhasa in Tibet in the west. It is the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. After four years of construction, it was put into trial operation in July 2006. It will become the most famous plateau gold tourist route in the world. There are 9 world-class tourist resources such as Ta 'er Temple, Treasure Beach atomic city, Chaerhan Salt Lake, Mount Everest, Lhasa Ancient City and Barkhor Street, 23 national tourist resources, 6 national nature reserves and scenic spots, and 193 ordinary tourist resources. Behind these unparalleled natural landscapes, there is also a Tibetan culture accumulated for thousands of years. Back curtain? Hangdi 1? Hey? Lung curtain? Moving? What's the story? What is this? ⒚ ⒚ 937 meals? Hook, flash, hello, whoosh? ┐缶? ⒍??? What's the story? What is the basis of Mi Gu's exam? /p & gt；

Train into Tibet

Tibet plateau train is the most advanced train carriage in China at present, with two sets of oxygen supply systems. In order to resist the harsh natural environment such as strong winds, dust and strong ultraviolet rays on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the trains entering Tibet are fully enclosed; The toilet uses a vacuum toilet collector, and the waste water is recycled by special equipment; The joint between carriages adopts a fitted coupler, so there will be no air leakage. In order to cope with the anoxic environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the oxygen concentration, temperature and pressure in the train compartment can be kept in balance.

The configuration of each train is almost the same as that of an airplane. There are two sets of oxygen supply systems: one is "distributed" oxygen supply, which keeps the oxygen content of each carriage at 23% through the air in the hybrid air conditioning system, so that passengers can feel like entering the "oxygen bar"; The other is an independent oxygen inhalation interface. If passengers need more oxygen, they can wear a mask to breathe at any time to avoid altitude sickness. If the train walks at an altitude of more than 4000 meters, you will feel as if it is more than 3000 meters. The actual altitude can be reduced by 1000 meters, which can alleviate the discomfort caused by altitude hypoxia.

In addition, the interior decoration of the train entering Tibet is luxurious and modern, which fully shows the ethnic customs of the Qinghai-Tibet region, and a comfortable restaurant and bathroom will be set up. In addition to oxygen supply equipment, medical staff, instruments and medicines are also prepared, and a tourist life support system is established to help guests adapt to the plateau climate smoothly and reduce plateau reflection.

Driving time

The whole running time of the Shanghai-Tibet line train is estimated to be about 52 hours. It is estimated that it will take 45 hours from Chengdu to Lhasa. It is estimated that it will take 22 hours from Xining to Lhasa. Estimated time from Golmud to Lhasa 12 hour.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the best in the world.

The highest plateau railway in the world: the railway crosses 960 kilometers above 4000 meters above sea level, and the highest point is 5072 meters above sea level.

The longest plateau railway in the world: Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total mileage of1142km.

The longest plateau railway crossing frozen soil in the world: the railway has a mileage of 550 kilometers crossing permafrost for many years.

The Tanggula Mountain Railway Station at an altitude of 5068 meters is the highest railway station in the world.

The wind-volcano tunnel at an altitude of 4905 meters is the highest frozen soil tunnel in the world.

The total length of Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is1686m, which is the longest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world.

Anduo Pujia base, at an altitude of 4,704 meters, is the highest Pujia base in the world.

Qingshui river bridge, with a total length of 1 1.7 km, is the longest railway bridge on plateau and frozen soil in the world.

After the completion, the speed of Qinghai-Tibet Railway will reach 100 km in frozen soil section and 120 km in non-frozen soil section, which is the highest speed of railway trains in plateau frozen soil in the world at present.

Source: Experts show you around Tibet.

Environmental Protection of Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Brief Introduction)

Will the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway affect the local environment?

First of all, we must clarify the concept of "environment". From the macro environment, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau covers an area of 654.38+0.22 million square kilometers, and the scope of railway construction is only within 500 meters on both sides of the line at most, and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is only 654.38+0.00 square kilometers, which is linearly distributed. It can be said that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not affect the overall environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Building such a large-scale project from a small environment,

Within the scope of the construction site, it will definitely have a certain degree of impact on the local environment. Since the design of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the First Institute of Tieyi has taken maintaining ecology and protecting the environment as important principles that must be followed. Therefore, most of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and there are basically no new passages. Moreover, a series of special environmental protection measures were adopted in the design scheme, which minimized the disturbance to the plateau ecology. In the long run, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not only destroy the environment, but also play a positive role in promoting the environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Secondly, Tibet lacks coal resources, and the per capita coal output is only 6 kilograms. The cost of coal transported into the region through the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is very high, reaching more than 600 yuan per ton, while in Xining, the price is only 160~200 yuan. The high coal price has caused an extremely unreasonable energy structure. At present, the main living energy sources in agricultural and pastoral areas are wood and livestock manure. In the northern Tibet where the route passes, the residents mainly rely on the climbing pine growing on the slope as fuel, while the low climbing pine often takes decades to grow, which has caused damage to the fragile local ecological environment. The construction of railway can transport the rich coal and oil resources in northwest China to Tibet through economic and convenient channels to meet Tibet's energy demand, thus making positive contributions to Tibet's changing energy structure, stopping blind deforestation and grassland, and protecting the ecological environment, which is of far-reaching significance.

At the same time, after the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is put into operation, it will inevitably become the main mode of tourism and cargo transportation in and out of Tibet, diverting the huge transportation fleet of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway at present, thus playing a positive role in reducing automobile exhaust emissions and further improving the air quality in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

On the other hand, railway construction will directly stimulate the economic development of Qinghai-Tibet provinces, accelerate the pace of urbanization and industrialization, promote the further adjustment of industrial structure, and transform a large number of herders into people in industries such as industry and construction, thus greatly reducing the load on grasslands and vegetation, protecting ecology and realizing sustainable development, killing two birds with one stone.

Does the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have an impact on nature reserves?

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will pass through nature reserves such as Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan (Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River), but the area where the railway passes is the boundary of the two major nature reserves, and it does not pass through either of them, so it has basically no impact on the ecology and wildlife of the protected areas. At the same time, Tieyi Hospital reserved a special passage for wildlife migration in the design, which is rare in the history of railway construction in China.

9 interviewees: