Teaching design of geography map reading in junior middle school

In geography learning, maps are the most basic tools. Maps play an important role in students' life, study and work in reality and in the future. Next is the teaching design of "reading pictures" in senior one geography that I compiled for you. I hope you like it!

Teaching Design of Geographical Map Reading in Junior High School 1

Target 1. You can determine the direction on the map according to the latitude and longitude network or beacon;

2. Correctly identify common legends;

3. Measure the linear distance between two points on the map, and directly convert it into the actual distance according to the scale. Look at the textbook P 16 Map 1.22 Map of Taiwan Province Island. What information can you get from the map?

1. The "language" of the map mainly refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. Proportion refers to the ratio of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ distance to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ distance.

3. When looking at a map, you should also be able to identify the direction on the map, which is generally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. On a map with a latitude and longitude network, the direction should be determined according to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, with latitude indicating the direction of _ _ _ _ _ and longitude indicating it.

_ _ _ _ _ _ direction.

When reading a map, you need to know the legend. Common legends are: circles represent _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and black and white line segments represent.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the blue line means _ _ _ _ _ _, and the yellow line means _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

6. Learn to measure the size of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

How do you determine the direction in the picture?

(2) Shandong province map or campus plan, which represents a larger scope? Which expression is more detailed?

Compare with your deskmate. Is the campus plan you drew the same? What is the difference? Why?

1. The statement about identifying directions on a map is correct ().

A longitude means east and west, and latitude means north and south. B, facing the map, it is usually "up north and down south, Zuo Dong right west".

C. A person is standing at the North Pole, surrounded by the north D. There is a beacon on the map, and the beacon arrow indicates the north.

2. If Party A and Party B start from the South Pole at the same speed and head north along 40 E and 40 W respectively, it may be ().

They met at the North Pole. They are closest to each other on the equator.

The distance between them is always the same. They may meet again at the South Pole?

3. If a person stands at the South Pole, then his front, back, left and right are ().

A. East B. South C. West D. North

If the doors and windows around the house are facing south, the house can only be built in: (? )

A, B is at the equator, C is at the North Pole, D is at the South Pole, and the prime meridian.

5. The following legend shows that the railway is ().

A, B, C, D,

6. The following scale, the largest is ()

A. 1: 250000b。 1 cm on the diagram represents the field distance of 250km. C. 1: 2500d .

7. The picture on the right is a sketch of an airplane in expressway. After reading it, answer:

1) The change of highway direction in the diagram is.

2) The general trend of river flow in the figure is from _ _ to _ _.

3) Village B is on the edge of Village A;

Teaching Design II of "Reading Pictures" in Junior Middle School Geography

● Teaching objectives

Knowledge target

1. Have a preliminary understanding of basic knowledge such as scale, direction, legend, notes and contour lines on the map.

2. Learn to measure the distance between two places on the map with a scale and identify the direction on the map.

capability goal

1. Measure the distance with a ruler, identify the direction on the map, and draw common legends and notes.

2. Be able to use the purpose (such as tourism) to determine the selected map type and its proportion.

3. Give examples of one or two modern high-tech maps (such as remote sensing images and electronic maps) and their applications in daily life.

Moral education goal

Cultivating students' ability to read and use maps from various aspects, making students understand the importance of mastering learning methods and clearly mastering map knowledge and skills is also one of the cultural qualities that should be possessed in building the motherland in the future.

● Teaching focus

The calculation formulas of 1. scale and line segment scale.

2. Determine the direction on the longitude and latitude network map.

Get information from the map

● Teaching difficulties

Discrimination of 1. scale size and its relationship with map content details.

2. Determine the direction on the map of longitude and latitude.

● Teaching methods

Teaching methods based on comparison, calculation and practice.

● Prepare teaching AIDS.

1. Various maps and related pictures.

2. courseware.

● Class arrangement

The basic element of the first kind of map-scale

Directional legends in the second category get information from maps.

● Teaching process

first kind

[introducing new lessons]

Ask the students to guess the riddle, "There is not an inch of land in the mountains, not half an acre of land in the plains, and there is no water in all corners of the country." Or "Qian Shan is full of water, all corners of the country, hidden in Chinese and foreign cities, and colorful". (Map) Yes, this class begins to learn maps.

The third part of the blackboard map

[teaching new lessons]

Ask the students to look at the textbook P 13, the map 1.22 "Taiwan Province Island" or the map of other areas, and think: What can you see on the map? What information can you get from this picture? How did you get this information?

Students discuss how to divide the students into several study groups and have a competition to read the map and introduce the geographical information provided by the map to see which group introduces more information.

According to the speeches of each group, the transition teacher explained the concept of map after comments and supplements, and pointed out that map is an important tool for us to learn geographical knowledge and an important source for us to obtain geographical information. It can help us understand our hometown, our motherland and the world. Then, if you want to understand and use the map well, you must know the basic elements of the map-scale, direction, legend and notes. Let's learn the scale of the map first.

Write on the blackboard. Basic elements of a map

1. scale

Question 1. How to measure the field distance between two points on the map?

2. How long is the straight line distance between Kaohsiung and Taipei on the island map of Taiwan Province Province? How far is the venue? How to use the conditions given in the figure to calculate?

Discussion and calculation teachers should first guide students to discuss and understand the first question. They need to measure the distance between two points on the map first, and then calculate it according to the given scale on the map, so as to get the actual distance between the two points. Then guide the students to solve the second problem and tell them that the scale represented in this way on the map is called line scale.

Ask the students, can you calculate the distance between the two cities on the map with the scale given by the map? Write 1 cm /40 km, right? Can you tell me the meaning of scale?

The explanation shows that teachers should emphasize the following points after students answer:

The essential feature of 1. scale is that the distance on the map is smaller than the actual distance, that is, the reduced multiple, so the scale is also called "scale reduction".

2. The scale is a fraction, which means that the distance on the map is smaller than the actual distance, so there is no unit, and the numerator is usually 1.

3. The numerator and denominator units must be unified in the calculation process. The result of calculation is that the distance on the map is generally expressed in centimeters; The distance between sites is generally expressed in kilometers or meters.

4. The conversion method of centimeter and kilometer is: centimeter minus five zeros becomes kilometer; Kilometers plus five zeros become centimeters. The conversion method of meters and centimeters is to add and subtract two zeros.

To sum up the concept of blackboard writing (1): it indicates the degree to which the distance on the map is less than the actual distance.

(2) Formula: Proportion =

Feedback exercises to find the scale, the distance on the map and the actual distance, each doing 1~2 questions, in order to achieve skilled application, and let students summarize three situations in the application of the scale formula:

1. Given the distance on the map and the distance on the ground, find the scale: scale = distance on the map/distance on the ground;

2. Know the scale and field distance, and find the distance on the map: distance on the map = field distance × scale;

3. Given the distance and scale on the map, the actual distance: field distance = distance/scale on the map.

Ask a question. According to the mathematical knowledge you have learned, what other expressions are there for the scale on the map besides this line segment?

Organize discussion, guide students to use existing mathematical knowledge, and deduce other expressions of scale through study group discussion: numbers and words. Then, the teacher shows some maps with different scales, so that students can experience the joy of learning success.

Summary of blackboard writing Taking the island map scale of Taiwan Province Province as an example, this paper summarizes three representations of blackboard writing scale (see blackboard writing design) and explains them: It can be seen that there are three representations of the same scale, but the contents are exactly the same, not three scales. Three representations of the same proportion can be converted to each other. Numbers are the most basic form, because only numbers can accurately explain the degree of distance reduction on the map. Text is to explain or directly explain the size of the digital scale. The line scale is the most convenient to use. In order to reduce the trouble of conversion, measure the distance between two points directly on the map with a ruler or two-legged compass.

Display the maps of China and Beijing by computer (see figure 1.37 and figure 1.38 in the textbook P23), and think about the problems in the table below:

Question China Map Beijing Map ① What kind of representation is used for the scale of the two maps? (Linetype) (Linetype) ② Digitize the scale of two pictures. (1: 80000000 or one in eighty million (1: 4000000 or one in four million) (3) Express the proportion of two pictures in words. (on the map, 1 cm represents the field distance of 800 km) (on the map, 1 cm represents the field distance of 40 km) ④ Measure the straight-line distances from the westernmost end to the easternmost end and the northernmost end to the southernmost end of the two maps. (The distance between east and west is 5,200 kilometers, and the distance between north and south is 5,500 kilometers) (The distance between east and west is 220 kilometers, and the distance between north and south is 192 kilometers) ⑤ Which of the two pictures represents a larger range and which represents a smaller range? (Big) (Small) 6 The geographical things in Beijing represented by two pictures, which picture is more detailed; Which picture is shorter? (Brief) (Detailed) ⑦ Which of the two pictures is larger and which is smaller? (small) (large) student activity teachers guide students to think independently or discuss in groups to complete the contents of the form (the first four questions can also be completed independently and the last three questions can be discussed and solved).

Put forward the last three questions of the question comparison table, please continue to discuss and summarize: how to measure the size of the scale? What is the relationship between the scale and the size and content of the map?

The inductive blackboard writing is evaluated according to the students' discussions and answers, and then the inductive blackboard writing is carried out.

① Emphasize that the scale is a fraction, and determine the scale from the ratio of the fractions. That is, the numerator is 1, and the smaller the denominator, the larger the proportion and the larger the scale; Conversely, the larger the denominator, the smaller the proportion and the smaller the scale.

(2) The relationship between scale, scope and content detail: as far as the map of the same area is concerned, the larger the scale, the larger the map sheet and the more detailed the content; The smaller the scale, the smaller the map and the smaller the content. For maps with the same map sheet, the larger the scale, the smaller the scope and the more detailed the content; The smaller the scale, the larger the scope and the simpler the content.

[course summary]

Students, in this lesson, we learned the concept and formula of scale, learned three expressions of scale, learned how to measure distance on a map and how to measure scale, but scale is only one of the basic elements of a map, such as how to tell the direction on a map. We will continue to study next class.

● Blackboard design

Section 3 Map

First, the basic elements of the map

Second lesson

[introducing new lessons]

Maps bring a lot of convenience to people's life and production, such as transportation and tourism, marching and fighting, resource investigation, weather forecast and so on. This is often inseparable from maps, which requires people to read and use maps. Therefore, identifying the direction on the map is a problem that must be solved when reading and using the map.

The Basic Element of Blackboard Map —— Direction

[teaching new lessons]

How do you tell the direction on the earth by asking questions? How to tell the direction on the map? How to determine the spatial position relationship of various geographical things on the map?

After the students spoke freely, the teacher pointed out that the method of determining the direction with latitude and longitude lines on the globe is also applicable on the map. Then ask the students to talk about eight directions on the ground plane.

The computer shows that the mouse clicks on the east, south, west and north directions, and then clicks on the southeast, southwest, northwest and northeast directions in turn, so that students can further confirm the eight directions on the ground plane.

Teaching Design of Geographical Map Reading in Junior Middle School III

First, the teaching objectives

Knowledge and skills

1. Remember the three elements of the map and correctly identify common legends;

2. Learn to measure the field distance between two points on the map with a scale;

3. Master the method of determining the direction on the map according to the latitude and longitude net or the pointing sign;

Process and method objectives

By observing the map, we can sum up the three elements of the map and master the method of judging the direction on different maps through practice.

Emotional attitudes and values goals

Cultivating students' ability to read and use maps from various aspects, making students understand the importance of mastering learning methods and clearly mastering map knowledge and skills is also one of the cultural qualities that should be possessed in building the motherland in the future.

Second, the difficulties in teaching

focus

1. memorize the three elements of the map and correctly identify common legends;

2. Use a scale to measure the field distance between two points on the map.

difficulty

Master the method of determining the direction on the latitude and longitude map or beacon map.

Third, teaching methods.

Autonomous learning method, guiding questioning method, cooperative inquiry method.

Fourth, the teaching process

(A) the introduction of new courses

Teacher: Students, before class, the teacher wants the students to guess a riddle: there is a picture hanging on the wall, some small and some big, some small can accommodate several counties, and the big can cover the whole world.

Health: Map.

Teacher: Yes, this is a map. Have you ever seen a map in your daily life? What kind of map have you seen?

Health: Beijing tourist map, Tianjin district map, community map,,,

Teacher: Great. These are all maps. Do the students know what elements the map includes? How do we extract the information we want from the map?

Health: I don't know.

Teacher: It doesn't matter if I don't know. Today, the teacher will learn how to read a map with his classmates. Please open the book on page 16 and look at the map in the third section.

(b) display learning objectives

Teacher: Please look at the blackboard and make clear the learning objectives of this lesson first. Are there any students willing to read the learning objectives to the students?

Student: Some students stand up and read the learning objectives.

Teacher: Please preview the contents of page 16-2 1 by yourself with the learning objectives of this lesson. Please take out your red pen, mark what you don't understand and listen carefully in class. The time is about 5 minutes. Let's start now.

Student: Self-study.

Teacher: Time is up! The teacher sees that the students are carefully prepared, so let's enter this class.

(3) teaching new courses

Teacher: (Give several different maps) Please discuss with each other at the same table and find out the similarities between these maps. Later, the teacher will ask the students to show the results of your discussion. The time is about 2 minutes. Let's start now!

Health: active discussion.

Teacher: Time is up. Do any students want to share the results of your's discussion? Ok, student a will answer.

Health: Every map has its own name, and there are geographical things represented by symbols in the lower right corner of the map.

Teacher: This classmate observes very carefully. Each map has its own name, called "Map Name", and the symbol in the lower right corner of the map is called "Legend". Do you have any classmates to add? Ok, student b adds something.

Health: Every map also has arrows and small line segments.

Teacher: Great! So what do the arrows and line segments mean?

Health: direction and scale.

Teacher: Students are really smart. It seems that every student has a pair of eyes. So we can sum up that legend, direction and scale are the three elements of a map. Next, let's learn the direction of one of the three elements of the map.

How much do students know about the direction?

Health: East, West, South and North.

Teacher: Besides these basic directions, there are other directions. Please look at this picture (figure 1 given). With this picture, we can accurately distinguish different directions. Ok, let's check the students' grasp of the direction through several pictures (Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 are given). How do students judge the direction on these three pictures?

Ask the students to judge which direction point A is in point C in Figure 2, which direction the highway is in the village in Figure 3 and which direction the school gate is in the track and field in Figure 4. Think for one minute by yourself, and then discuss in groups for two minutes. Let's start now.

Health: Think and discuss independently.

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