Traveling from Changchun to Dalian

Dalian (Pinyin: Dàlián; Russian: Далянь or Дальний; Japanese: だいれん; English: Dalian, formerly known as Dalny or Dairen

is located at the southernmost tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning Province, bordering the Yellow Sea to the east It is adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the west and at the head of the Bohai Rim region. It is the gateway to Beijing and Tianjin, a sub-provincial city, and an independent economic city. It is adjacent to Yingkou City in the north, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which are the vast hinterland of Dalian. It faces the Shandong Peninsula across the sea and is adjacent to Japan, South Korea, North Korea and the Russian Far East. The location is between 120°58' and 123°31' east longitude and 38°43' and 40°10' north latitude.

International telephone area code: +86-411; domestic telephone area code: 0411; Chinese postal code: 116000; city tree: locust tree; city flower: rose

[Edit this paragraph] City history.

The place name "Dalian" was originally the transliteration of the word "Talin" in the Manchu vocabulary, and its original meaning was "seaside" or "river bank". When the Russians ruled this area, it was still used in the Qing Dynasty. The government's official Manchu word "Hainan" was used as the name of the area; during their rule, the Japanese borrowed the Chinese word "Dalian" to label the Manchu sound "Talin", which is why it has been passed down to this day. The emergence and positioning of the word "Dalian" as the name of the city.

The Dalian area has a history of at least 17,000 years of human activities. As early as 6,000 years ago, our ancestors developed the Dalian area. , the Dalian area was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Dalian area was under the jurisdiction of Jili Prefecture of the Andong Protectorate. In the Liao Dynasty, the Dalian area was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo. It was called Sanshan in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it was called Sanshanpu in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called Sanshan Haikou and Qingniwakou. In the 1880s, the Qing Dynasty built a harbor trestle, a fort, and a mine camp on the north shore of today's Dalian Bay. In 1897, the Russians began to build it. This city. At that time, Tsarist Russian designers wanted to recreate a city based on squares in the East with the urban construction drawings of Paris, France, so they came to Dalian, China, and named it "Dalini", which means a distant city. Far away from Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 1905, the Japanese occupied this city and transliterated "Dalini" into Chinese "Dalian".

[Edit this paragraph] Origin of the name

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The earliest name of Dalian was Qingniwa

At the end of 1897, in order to compete for Qing Dynasty territory, Tsarist Russia forced its warships into Lushunkou, and then sent people to Dalian Bay and Qingniwa. After surveying the area, it was decided to open a port and build a city in Qingniwa. On August 11, 1899, Tsar Nicholas II issued an edict on the establishment of a free port "Дальний" (Russian for "far away", pronounced as Dalini). , changed the name of Qingniwa to Дальний (Dali Ni). After the tsar's decree was issued, the Chinese still called it Qingniwa.

In 1904, Japan provoked the Russo-Japanese War to compete for Liaodong. In 1905, Japan defeated Tsarist Russia and renamed Qingniwa the word "Dalian" used in ancient China to refer to Dalian Bay. One used the name of the sea area to refer to the port, and the other also used the word "Dali Ni" which is similar to the Russian word. The meaning of sound (the Japanese Chinese characters are the same as "Dalian", and the pronunciation is "Dairen"). At that time, Baron Nishi Kanjiro of the Japanese Liaodong Garrison Command issued Order No. 3, which read: "Effective from February 11, 1905, 'Qingniwa' will be renamed 'Dalian'." The "Green Niwa" part of this order is marked with the Japanese word "ダルニー" (Romaji: Daruni). "ダルニー" is the transliteration of the Russian "Дальний". The Japanese changed the city's name to "Dalian", taking into account that the Japanese pronunciation of Dalian (Dairen) is closer to the Russian "Daruni" in Japanese pronunciation. .

[Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions

Dalian administrative divisions:

Xigang District: area of ??26.1 square kilometers, jurisdiction over 7 streets and 45 communities Neighborhood committee, with a permanent population of 308,000. It is the administrative and cultural center of Dalian City. Postal code 116011. Address of District People's Government: No. 77, Beijing Street (near the city hall).

Zhongshan District: The land area is 43.85 square kilometers and the coastline is 27.5 kilometers long. It governs 8 streets. The permanent population is 360,000. It is the economic and financial center of Dalian City. Postal code 116001. Address of District People's Government: No. 83, Yide Street (near Zhongshan Square).

Shahekou District (including the high-tech industrial park) has a land area of ??48.32 square kilometers and a coastline of 8 kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 9 streets and 90 community residents' committees, with a permanent population of 631,000. Postal code 116021. It is the scientific education center area of ??Dalian City. Address of District People's Government: No. 393, Zhongshan Road (next to Dalian Evening News).

Ganjingzi District covers an area of ??491 square kilometers and governs 2 towns, 13 streets, and 114 community residents' committees. The permanent population is 616,000. Postal code 116033. Address of District People's Government: No. 1, Dalian Gate Square (in front of Zhoushui).

Lushunkou District is 45km away from Dalian city. It is a national scenic spot, national nature reserve and national forest park.

It has jurisdiction over 13 streets, 1 economic development zone, 71 village committees and 24 community committees. The land area is 506.8 square kilometers and the coastline is 169.7 kilometers long. The permanent population is 210,000. Postal code 116041. District People's Government Address: No. 1, Xincheng Street.

Jinzhou District (excluding Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Free Trade Zone, and Jinshitan Resort) has a land area of ??1,074.6 square kilometers and a coastline of 161.23 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 14 streets and 2 towns. The permanent population is 473,900. Postal code 116100. It is the planned new urban area of ??Dalian. District People's Government address: No. 687 Stalin Road.

The urban area of ??Wafangdian City is 292km away from Shenyang in the north and 104km away from Dalian in the south. It governs 3 Dalian municipal-level industrial zones, 11+ (-2) streets, 13 towns, and 9 townships. The city has a total area of ??3826.57 square kilometers and a coastline of 461.2 km. The permanent population is 1.025 million. Postal code 116300. Municipal People's Government address: No. 1 Century Plaza. Changxing Island Street and Exchange Island Street are managed by Dalian Changxing Island Lingang Industrial Zone.

Pulandian City is 78km away from Dalian City. It has jurisdiction over 1 (provincial-level) economic development zone, 3 streets, 14 towns, and 3 townships. ***164 villages, 35 community residents' committees, and 2,584 village (resident) groups. The permanent population is 830,000, including 380,000 urban residents and 398,000 employed labor force. It covers an area of ??2,896 square kilometers, including 39 square kilometers of urban area, 610 square kilometers of cultivated land, and 65 kilometers of coastline. Postal code 116200. Address of the Municipal People's Government: No. 12, Fuqian Road.

Zhuanghe City (including Dalian Huayuankou Economic Zone) covers an area of ??3,900 square kilometers and has a permanent population of 890,000. Postal code 116400. Address of Municipal People's Government: No. 461, Hongyan Road.

Changhai County is the only island county in Northeast China and the only island border county in the country. The county is composed of 142 islands, tuos and reefs, with a land area of ??119 square kilometers, a sea area of ??7,720 square kilometers, and a coastline of 358.9 kilometers. The county governs 2 towns and 3 townships (Dachangshan Island Town, Zhangzidao Town, Xiaochangshan Township, Guanglu Township, and Haiyang Township), with a population of 105,000, including 75,000 registered residents. Postal code 116500. County People's Government Address: Dongshan Community, Dachangshan Island Town.

Dalian Economic Zone is divided into five economic pilot zones:

High-tech Industrial Park is one of the first batch of national-level high-tech industrial parks approved by the state in March 1991. The park covers a total area of ??35.6 square kilometers and consists of Qixianling Industrialization Base, Double D Port, Overseas Students Entrepreneurship Park, Software Park, Lushun South Road Software Industry Belt, Longtou Branch Park and other development areas.

The Economic and Technological Development Zone (including the Bonded Zone and the Jinshitan National Tourism Resort) was my country’s first national development zone approved by the State Council in September 1984. Among them, the streets within the administrative division of Dalian Free Trade Zone are managed by the Development Zone, which governs six streets: Maqiaozi, Dagushan, Haiqingdao, Wanli, Dongjiagou, and Jinman. It manages two streets: Desheng and Dalijia. Town and Newport Office. The planned land area is 388 square kilometers, the built-up area is 56 square kilometers, and the coastline is 30 kilometers long. The total social population is approximately 360,000. Postal code 116600. Address of the District Management Committee: Jinma Road, Maqiaozi Street.

Bonded Zone Dalian Free Trade Zone was established with the approval of the State Council in May 1992 and April 2000. It is currently one of the comprehensive economic zones with the highest opening procedures and the best policies in mainland China.

Changxing Island Lingang Industrial Zone was established with the approval of Dalian Municipal Government on June 24, 2005, and was officially listed on November 26, 2005. It covers an area of ??349.5 square kilometers and currently governs (+2) streets (the administrative divisions of Changxing Island Street and Huhuidao Street belong to Wafangdian City and have been successively placed under the management of Dalian Changxing Island Lingang Industrial Zone).

Huayuankou Economic Zone was founded in 2004 and was called "Dalian Huayuankou Industrial Park" at the time. In 2005, it was listed as a key coastal development area encouraged by Liaoning Province. In September 2007, the Dalian Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government approved the establishment of the Dalian Huayuankou Industrial Park Party Working Committee and Management Committee. In May 2008, the Dalian Municipal Government decided to place Mingyang Town, a part of Zhuanghe City, under the management of Dalian Huayuankou Economic Zone, and at the same time officially changed the name of "Huayuankou Industrial Park" to "Huayuankou Economic Zone". The total area is 268 square kilometers and the total population is 65,000, including 63,000 registered residents. It has jurisdiction over 1 town and 16 administrative villages.

[Edit this paragraph] Geographic introduction

Dalian City is located at the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula, bordering the Yellow Sea to the east, the Bohai Sea to the west, and facing the Shandong Peninsula across the sea to the south.

Dalian City is located on the east coast of Eurasia, the southernmost tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Northeast China, between 120°58′ and 123°31′ east longitude, and 38°43′ and 40°10′ north latitude. It borders the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea to the west, the Shandong Peninsula across the sea to the south, and the three northeastern provinces and the vast hinterland of eastern Inner Mongolia to the north. Dalian is also located in an important area of ??the Northeast Asia Economic Zone and the Bohai Rim Economic Circle. It is adjacent to Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and the Russian Far East. It is the maritime gateway to Northeast China, North China, East China, and other parts of the world. It is an important port, trade, and industry , tourist city.

The city's total area is 12,574 square kilometers, of which the old urban area is 2,415 square kilometers. There are many mountains and hills in the area and few plains and lowlands. The entire terrain is high in the north and low in the south, wide in the north and narrow in the south. The terrain slopes from the central axis to the Yellow and Bohai Seas in the southeast and northwest, with the side facing the Yellow Sea long and gentle. The remnants of the Qianshan Mountains of the Changbai Mountain System run through this area. Most of them are mountains and low and gentle hills formed by long-term erosion. The plains and lowlands are only scattered in places where rivers flow into the sea and in some mountain valleys. Karst topography can be seen everywhere, and karst landforms It is relatively developed with sea erosion landforms. There are two main water systems in Dalian: the Yellow Sea Basin and the Bohai Sea Basin. The larger rivers that flow into the Yellow Sea include Biliu River, Yingna River, Zhuang River, Zanzi River, Dasha River, Dengsha River, Qingshui River, Malan River, etc.; the main rivers that flow into the Bohai Sea include Fuzhou River and Liguancun River. , Sanshilibao River, etc. Among them, the largest river is Biliu River, which is the water source river for urban cross-basin water diversion. There are also more than 200 small rivers. The total amount of freshwater resources in Dalian is 3.786 billion cubic meters per year, of which 3.42 billion cubic meters are surface water resources, 884 million cubic meters are underground water resources, and 580 million cubic meters are duplicate water resources.

Dalian City is located in the warm temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. It has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with maritime characteristics, with no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 10.5℃, with the highest extreme temperature being 35.3℃ and the lowest -18.8℃. The annual precipitation is 550-950 mm, and the total sunshine hours throughout the year are 2500-2800 hours.

Land Resources

In 1993, the city's cultivated land area was 287,000 hectares, accounting for 22.8% of the total land area, including 33,000 hectares of paddy fields and 254,000 hectares of dry fields. There are 424,000 hectares of forestry land in the region (according to the 1985 Dalian Agricultural Resources Zoning Survey), accounting for 33.1% of the total land area, including 344,000 hectares of forest land, 30,000 hectares of unafforested afforestation land, and 33,000 hectares of barren hills suitable for forestation. The usable grassland area is 267,000 hectares (according to the 1985 Dalian Agricultural Resources Zoning Survey). There are 6 soil types. The zonal soil is brown soil, which is about 907,000 hectares, accounting for 81.5% of the total soil area; Meadow soil, paddy soil, aeolian soil, salt soil and swamp soil account for 18.5% in total. There are 66,000 hectares of tidal flat resources, accounting for 5.2% of the total land area, including 42,000 hectares on the Yellow Sea coast and 24,000 hectares on the Bohai Sea coast.

Biological Resources

Dalian has a mild climate, superior natural ecological environment, suitable for the growth and development of animals and plants, and is rich in biological resources. There are 152 families, 666 genera, and 1,747 species of terrestrial wild vascular plants, including 110 species of oil plants, more than 120 medicinal plants, more than 50 soil pesticide plants, and 50 plants that can extract starch or be used as raw materials for wine making. Various. The whole region is rich in apples, and the output of hawthorn, grapes and yellow peaches is also large. In recent years, strawberry planting has been carried out. There are more than 150 kinds of coastal algae, belonging to green algae, brown algae and red algae. More than 50 kinds of them have economic value. Artificial cultivation of kelp and wakame is carried out on a large scale. The annual production capacity of coastal organic carbon averages 1.4 tons per hectare. There are about 4,850 species of invertebrates and about 765 species of wild vertebrates in the entire region. Among them, there are 132 species of invertebrates with economic value or common ones, and 442 species of wild vertebrates. The coast is rich in fish and shrimp, as well as abalone, sea cucumber, scallops, purple sea urchins, snails and other marine treasures. Mussels, scallops, etc. are stocked in large areas in the bay. The domestication of pheasants and other wild animals has been carried out in the northern mountainous areas.

Special products

Dalian is rich in apples, hawthorns, grapes, yellow peaches and cherries. In recent years, strawberry planting has been carried out. There are more than 150 kinds of coastal algae, belonging to green algae, brown algae and red algae. More than 50 kinds of them have economic value. Artificial cultivation of kelp and wakame is carried out on a large scale. The annual production capacity of coastal organic carbon averages 1.4 tons per hectare.

The coast is rich in fish and shrimp, as well as abalone, sea cucumber, scallops, purple sea urchins, snails and other marine treasures. Mussels, scallops, etc. are stocked in large areas in the bay. The domestication of pheasants and other wild animals has been carried out in the northern mountainous areas. There are about 4,850 species of invertebrates and about 765 species of wild vertebrates in the entire region. Among them, there are 132 species of invertebrates with economic value or common ones, and 442 species of wild vertebrates.

Mineral Resources

Nearly 30 types and more than 500 places of metal, non-metal minerals and geothermal mineral water resources have been discovered in Dalian area. Among them, non-metallic minerals such as limestone, silica, diamond, asbestos, magnesite and talc are of greater value. The proven diamond reserves account for about 54% of the country's total reserves, and 4 large-scale primary mines and 1 placer mine have been discovered in Wafangdian City. Limestone mines are concentrated in Ganjingzi District and Wafangdian City, with proven reserves accounting for about one-third of the province's total. More than a dozen large deposits and more than a hundred mineral sites have been discovered. The metal mineral resource reserves are not large and the ore bodies are small. They are mainly distributed in Zhuanghe and Pulandian cities. 70 iron ore points, more than 40 copper ore points, more than 20 lead-zinc ore points and a small amount of platinum (nickel) have been discovered. ), gold, molybdenum and other precious metal deposits.

[Edit this paragraph] Economic strength

Economic aggregate: The national economy continues to grow rapidly.

According to preliminary calculations, the city's regional GDP in 2008 was 385.82 billion yuan, an increase of 16.5%. Calculated based on the average permanent population, the city's per capita GDP was 63,198 yuan, equivalent to US$9,099 at the exchange rate. The general budget revenue of local finance is 33.91 billion yuan, an increase of 26.5%; the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents is 17,500 yuan, an increase of 15.8%; the annual per capita net income of rural residents is 9,818 yuan, an increase of 17.3%; the total fixed asset investment in the whole society is 251.34 billion yuan, An increase of 30.2%.

Industry

Dalian has a solid industrial foundation, complete industrial categories, strong comprehensive supporting capabilities, and strong ability to carry the transfer of the world's manufacturing industry. At present, an industrial system has been formed mainly in petrochemical, electronics, machinery, textile and clothing, metallurgical building materials, food and medicine and other industries. There are many industrial enterprises that are the backbone enterprises of the same industry in China: Dalian Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (formerly Dalian Shipyard ) has a century-old history and is China's largest comprehensive shipbuilding enterprise; Dalian New Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. (formerly Dalian Shipbuilding New Plant) is China's largest modern ship assembly plant, with a 300,000-ton large-scale shipyard, and is known at home and abroad as China's largest shipbuilding complex. The "flagship" of the shipbuilding industry; Dalian is China's largest export ship base, with the largest export ship built of 300,000 tons; Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory is a manufacturer of high-power internal combustion engines in China. Currently, more than 50% of the diesel locomotives used in China are produced by Some products of this factory are also exported abroad; Dalian Crane Factory, one of the predecessors of Dalian Heavy Industry Hoisting Co., Ltd., is the oldest and largest professional factory in China that produces lifting and transportation machinery. In addition, there are well-known enterprises such as Dali Petrochemical, West Pacific Petrochemical, Wazong, and Dagang. In accordance with the national industrial layout and the implementation of the strategic plan for the revitalization of old industrial bases such as Northeast China, Dalian is building four major bases with high-tech and emerging industries as the forerunners, large-scale petrochemical industry, electronic information industry and software, advanced equipment manufacturing and shipbuilding. A new industrial system that supports the rapid development of advantageous industries such as new materials, clothing, furniture, beverages and deep processing of agricultural products.

Dalian has become one of the most open cities in my country. By the end of 2003, the city had approved the establishment of more than 8,000 foreign-invested enterprises, including 22 of the world's top 500 companies based in Dalian. In recent years, Dalian's foreign trade has grown steadily and its import and export business has flourished. In 2004, Dalian's self-operated exports reached US$10.15 billion. Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone is the first national-level economic and technological development zone approved by the Chinese government and is currently the largest economic and technological development zone in China. Since its construction in October 1984, 50 square kilometers have been developed, and there are more than 1,500 foreign-invested enterprises in the area. Dalian Free Trade Zone is the only bonded zone in Northeast China approved by the Chinese government in May 1992. It has developed an area of ??1.98 square kilometers. By the end of 2004, there were more than 3,000 enterprises of various types in the zone. In April 2000, the Liaoning Dalian Export Processing Zone was established with the approval of the State Council. The zone is one of the 15 export processing zones approved by the Chinese government for pilot projects. Dalian High-tech Industrial Park was approved by the Chinese government in March 1991, with a developed area of ??8.2 square kilometers. High-tech industries have become the pillar industries of Dalian's economy. As China's first "demonstration city for creating an international software industry", Dalian has been identified as a national software export base and a semiconductor lighting industrialization base. It is becoming the largest software development base in Northeast China and one of the best software industry bases in China. progress towards the goal.

Finance

Dalian’s financial industry has developed rapidly and has become the city with the highest concentration of foreign banks in northern China. Currently, 19 foreign banks and financial institutions have opened branches or offices in Dalian. Financial institutions in Dalian have established settlement networks with more than 150 countries and regions around the world. Dalian has become the largest international settlement center in northern China. . The Dalian Commodity Exchange is one of China's three major futures exchanges and the largest soybean futures market in Asia and the second largest in the world. In 2004, the futures trading volume exceeded 5 trillion yuan, accounting for 58% of the country's total trading volume. Plastic futures have become the world's largest trading market.