Appreciation and translation of the original text of "encouraging learning"

Appreciation and translation of the original text of "Encouraging Learning" (9 selected articles)

"Encouraging Learning" is an essay written by Xunzi, a thinker and writer in the Warring States Period. It is Xunzi's first work. The following is the original text and translation appreciation of "Encouraging Learning" collected by Bian Xiao (9 selected articles). I hope you like it.

Appreciation of the original text and translation of Encouraging Learning 1

"Encourage learning" original:

Mr. Wang said: I can't learn.

Green is blue, green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water. If the wood is straight in the rope, it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge. Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight, the gold is sharp, and the gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself, so he knows what is clear and not wrong.

Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; Expectation is because of different tastes, so let's learn from it. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.

Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.

Translation of "encouraging learning";

The gentleman said: learning can't stop.

Indigo, (is) extracted from blue grass, but (its color) is bluer than blue grass; Ice is frozen by water, but it is colder than water. Wood is straight to the straight ink line. If it is bent into a wheel by heating, its radian will conform to the compass (drawing a circle). Even if it is dried in the sun, it is no longer straight, which is caused by artificial processing. Therefore, the wood will be straight after being scratched by ink lines (axe sawing), and the metal knife will be sharp when it is put on the grindstone (grinding). A gentleman can learn from others and behave himself every day, so that he can be wise and knowledgeable and have no mistakes in his behavior.

I've been thinking all day, so it's better to learn for a moment. I once stood on tiptoe to see far away, so I climbed high and didn't see wide. Climb high, wave your hands, your arms don't grow, but people can see from a distance; Shouting with the wind didn't get louder, but the listener heard it clearly. With the help of chariots and horses, people can walk fast, but they can reach thousands of miles away; People who use boats can't swim, but they can cross the river. There is no (what) difference in the essence of a gentleman (with ordinary people), but he is good at learning with the help of foreign things.

Accumulate soil into mountains, wind and rain (meeting), accumulated water into deep pools, and dragons (meeting) grow; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate good moral character, so that the spirit can reach a high level, the wisdom can be developed and the sage's thoughts can be possessed. So if you don't accumulate a small step (every time), there is no (road) to go thousands of miles away (place); If we don't gather a trickle, we won't (just) gather into rivers and seas. A good horse can't jump ten steps at a time; A bad horse can pull a cart for ten days (or walk a long way). Its success lies in its constant walking. Carve (once) and leave (don't carve), rotten wood (also) can't be carved; If you keep carving, the stone can be carved (successfully). Earthworms have no sharp claws and hard bones, but they can eat the soil and drink the spring water on the ground. Crab (has) six legs and two crab claws, (but) there is no hole (just right) for snakes and eels to rest (body), (this is) because it is impetuous.

Appreciation of "Encouraging Learning"

As the opening work of Xunzi, Encouraging Learning is a short article that discusses the significance of learning and exhorts people to learn with correct purpose, attitude and methods. This is a very rational text. If it is not well controlled, it is easy to be dull and monotonous. This article has a fresh image, is a household name and has been told for a hundred years. What is the reason for it? The most important thing is that it contains profound truth in a large number of simple and appropriate metaphors, and the metaphors are extremely flexible, natural, vivid and not pedantic. For example, at the beginning of the article, five metaphors such as "green", "blue" and "green over blue" are used to explain the indispensable truth of learning from different angles and sides. They are eloquent wizards and have a strong leading role.

From the formal point of view, the metaphors in "Encouraging Learning" are dexterous and diverse, and they are used freely. Explain the point of view, demonstrate the truth, and some previous metaphors (accumulation of soil makes mountains, wind and rain make the country prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared), and some metaphors are used from the opposite side (no accumulation of steps, no miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas); Some metaphors are used alone, while others are used continuously. Some of the same kind are juxtaposed, and some are positive and negative; Some only use metaphors to imply truth, while others first use metaphors to lead to the truth to be said. In a word, there is no need to spread brocade and embroidery. Therefore, although this article has many metaphors, it does not feel stagnant and rigid. On the contrary, with the constant transformation and full development of metaphor, neat and changeable sentence patterns are formed, which makes the article look patchy and full of vitality.

Xunzi's article is called the great achievement of hundred schools of thought, and his reasoning is comprehensive and thorough; The writing is concise, concise and tasteful; There are many aphorisms, and they are chewy.

Appreciation and Translation of Inspired Learning II

The original text of "encouraging learning"

Mr. Wang said: I can't learn.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water. The wood is straight in the rope. Think of the wheel, its curve is within the gauge. Although there is a storm, those who no longer stand, let it be natural. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.

So, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know the height of the sky. Don't face the deep stream, I don't know the thickness of the ground; You didn't know the greatness of learning until you heard the last words of the late king. The sons of Gan, Yue, Yi and Xun were born in unison, long and different, and naturally educated. The poem says, "Dear Sir, there is no constant rest. Jing * * *, good is integrity. Listen to God and you will be blessed. God is greater than Tao, and joy is greater than harmlessness.

I've been thinking about it all day. I might as well learn it in a minute. Did I taste it? Ambition is better than learning. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.

In the south, there is a bird named Meng Dui, whose nest is feathers, whose hair is woven and whose reed is tied. When the wind breaks, the egg broken child dies. The nest is endless, but so are the people connected with it. There is a kind of wood in the west called Shegan. Its stem is four inches long, and it was born on a high mountain. However, in the abyss, the wooden pole can't grow out, but it stands naturally. In the bitter fleabane bitter fleabane, I can't bear to go straight; White sand is nirvana, and it is black. Lan Huaigen's ambition, but gradually? , the gentleman is not close, Shu Ren refuses. Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be a scholar when he travels. Therefore, we must also guard against evil and righteousness.

Everything has a beginning and an end. When honor or disgrace comes, it will be like virtue. Meat rots into adults, and fish withers into moths. Ignoring and forgetting your body is a disaster. Strong cultivation, soft cultivation. Evil is in the body, and resentment is in the structure. Wages are the same, the fire is dry, the ground is the same, and the water is wet. Vegetation is born, birds and animals are numerous, and things are human beings. Is a piece of nature, bows and arrows are very important; Lin, and the axe is heavy; Trees provide shade, but birds rest. Acyl acid, but Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Therefore, words are troublesome, actions are humiliating, and gentlemen are cautious about words!

Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. Therefore, people with ulterior motives have no bright future; No steel? People who do things don't have the advantages of hector. Those who follow the right path will not come, and those who follow the right path will not allow it. Eyes can't see, ears can't hear. ? Snakes fly without feet. The mouse is out of five tricks. "Poetry" says: The corpse dove is in Sang, and her son is seven. A good gentleman with noble character is always a polite person. Its clumsy, heart knot! Therefore, a gentleman is bound by one.

I used to play drums, but the fish flowed out to listen; Boya Guqin, while Liu Ma raises Yuan. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not hidden but not shaped. Jade is moist in the mountains, pearls are born in the deep, and cliffs are not withered. Do good without accumulating evil? Did anyone not hear?

Learn evil from scratch? Evil in the end? Yue: its number begins with chanting and ends with reading ceremony; Its significance begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter, and if you learn, you will stop. Therefore, there is an end to the number of students. If it is just, it cannot be abandoned for a moment. For it, people are also; Give up, so do animals. Therefore, this book is the discipline of political affairs; Poet, the stop of the middle voice; Etiquette, the main points of law, class discipline. Therefore, learning must stop at ceremony. Husband is called the extreme of morality. Rites are replaced by respect, music is harmonious, poetry and books are abundant, spring and autumn are micro, between heaven and earth. The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the dynamic shape. On the whole? If you act on the police, one can be the law. The knowledge of villains is also heard, not spoken; Between the mouth and ears, four inches, seven feet of beauty! Ancient scholars were themselves, and today's scholars are people. The study of a gentleman is also for beauty; Little people learn that birds are calves. So, don't ask, be proud of it. If you ask, you will tell two. Bath 0 dysentery 7. What about the glass? Bath number seven. What's the matter? Children are like a direction.

Learn not to be close to others. Rites and music are not mentioned, poetry and books are not cut, and the Spring and Autumn Period is unhappy. If you learn from a gentleman, you will respect him all over the world. Therefore, learning ink is almost close to people.

Learning classics is not as fast as learning good people, followed by long rituals. You can't be a good person in the world, and you can't be a gift in the next life. Ante can learn miscellaneous knowledge, poetry and books. Then, in the last poor years, it is inevitable that there will be rude Confucianism. The original king, benevolence and righteousness, then courtesy is in its latitude and longitude. If you pat your collar with five fingers, there will be countless followers. If you don't respect the constitution, take the poetry book as an example, and refer to the river, the millet and the cone-shaped rice pot, you can't get it. Therefore, although Longli is unknown, he is also a lawyer; If you don't give a long gift, you will scatter Confucianism, although you will argue.

Ask? No prosecution; Sue? Don't ask; Say? Don't listen. Don't argue with people who live up to expectations. Therefore, we should learn from it and then pick it up; Avoid it unless it is the way. Therefore, return the courtesy before you can talk to the parties; Words are fluent, and then words and deeds can be consistent and justified; Therefore, color can be followed by words and actions. Therefore, it cannot be said in words that this is pride; Can have nothing to say, that is hidden; In terms of color, it is called sorrow. Therefore, a gentleman is not proud, not hiding, not jealous, let nature take its course. The poem says: "bandits are free, and the son of heaven gives them." This is also called.

One shot in every shot is not good enough to shoot; Thousands of miles? Not stepping on it is not good enough; Learning badly is because ethics has nothing to do with human nature. Those who learn well will learn well. Once in the way, once in the way, the person who draws the lane is also; There are fewer good people, more bad people, and stealing feet. All the people, and scholars.

A gentleman knows that her husband is not perfect and can't think of beauty, so he recites it consistently and thinks it over, so as to treat others and educate people. Let eyes don't want to see, mouth don't want to say, and heart don't want to worry. When you are good at time, your eyes are good with five colors, your ears are good with five tones, your mouth is good with five flavors, and your heart benefits the world. Therefore, rights cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken. Life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue. Fuck, then you decide, then you decide, then you respond. A husband is an adult if he can handle it. The sky sees its light and the earth sees its light, and the gentleman values all this.

Xunzi's persuasion and translation

Warring States period. xunzi

The gentleman said: learning can't stop. Indigo is extracted from bluegrass, but its color is darker than bluegrass. Ice is condensed from water, but it is cooler than water. The wood is straight enough to match the straight ink line. у ひ ひ ひ ひ? If it is bent into a wheel, the curvature of wood will reach the standard of roundness. Even if it is dried by the wind and sun, it will not be straight again, because it has been processed like this. Therefore, after the wood is measured with ink lines, it can be straightened by processing with auxiliary tools, and the metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on a millstone. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, and he will be smart and witty, and his behavior will not be wrong.

Therefore, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know how high the sky is; I don't know how thick the ground is without facing the deep stream; If you don't understand the legacy of the emperor, you won't know the breadth of knowledge. People who commit the crime of smuggling are born with the same sound of crying, but when they grow up, their customs and habits are different, which is created by education. The Book of Songs says: You are a gentleman, don't always covet comfort. Respect your work and love the virtue of integrity. The gods will give you good luck and good luck when they hear all this. There is no greater spiritual accomplishment than being influenced by morality, and there is no greater blessing than not having a disaster.

I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far. Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Calling with the wind, the voice didn't get louder, but the listener heard it clearly. People who use horses and chariots can walk Wan Li Road without walking fast, and people who use boats and boats can cross the river without being good at swimming. A gentleman's temperament is no different from that of ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things.

In the south, there is a bird called Mongolian pigeon. It uses feathers to make its nest, and it is also braided with hair and tied to the ear of a tender reed. When the wind blows, the reed spike breaks, the bird's nest falls down and all the eggs are smashed. It's not that the nest is poorly woven, but that it shouldn't be tied to reeds. In the west, there is a kind of grass called shooting hay, which is only four inches high, but can overlook hundreds of miles away. Not because grass can grow tall, but because it grows on the top of the mountain. Pennisetum grows in hemp fields and can stand upright without support. White sand will not turn white when mixed into black soil. The root of Sophora japonica is called Ai Xiang. Once it is immersed in smelly water, gentlemen and servants will avoid it. It's not that Ai itself is not fragrant, but that it is soaked and stinks. Therefore, a gentleman should choose a good environment to live and a moral person to make friends, so as to prevent delay and protect his moderation and integrity.

Everything happens for a reason, and the arrival of honor and disgrace also corresponds to virtue. Rotten meat gives birth to maggots, while dead fish give birth to worms. If you slack off and forget the code of conduct, something will happen. Objects that are too hard are easily broken, and those that are too weak are easily bound. If you are not nice to people, it will cause disgust. Dry wood is flammable, low-lying and easy to wet, and there are many animals and plants. Everything is like sheep. Therefore, when the target is set, the bow and arrow will be shot. When a tree grows into a forest, it will lead to axe cutting. When the forest is lush and shady, birds will come to stay. When vinegar turns sour, it will attract mosquitoes. Therefore, words may cause trouble and actions may be humiliated. A gentleman can't help being cautious when dealing with people.

Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate virtue and do good deeds, cultivate noble moral character, and the natural mind will be clear and there will be a spiritual realm of saints. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved. Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, strong bones and muscles, but they can eat dirt and drink spring water, because they only have six legs and two crab claws for one crab. Without the caves of snakes and eels, it has nowhere to live, because it is impetuous.

Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant academic achievements; Without hard work, there will be no great achievements in career. Neither side will tolerate a man who can't get to his destination on the wrong road and serves two monarchs at the same time. The eyes cannot see two things at the same time and see clearly, and the ears cannot hear two sounds at the same time and hear clearly. ? Snakes have no feet, but they can fly. Rats have five skills, but they still have no choice. The poem says: Cuckoo nests in mulberry trees, and its young birds have seven. A good gentleman should be single-minded and impartial. Only when the behavior is single-minded and not biased towards evil will the will be rock-solid. Therefore, a gentleman is determined and single-minded.

In ancient times, there was a harpist, and the fish in the water surfaced to listen. Boya plays the piano, and the horse pulling the cart will stop to eat and look up. Therefore, the sound will not be heard because it is weak, and the behavior will not be discovered because it is hidden. If Baoyu is buried in a deep mountain, the vegetation is moist, and if pearls fall into the abyss, the cliff shore will not dry up. Good deeds can be accumulated, and they are not widely told. How can they be accumulated into virtues?

Where should learning begin and end? A: According to its practice, it should start with reading poems and other classics and end with reading the Book of Rites. In its sense, it begins with learning and ends with becoming a saint. Sincere practice, such long-term accumulation, will certainly be able to deeply understand the fun, learn to die. Therefore, although the tutorial of learning has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. It takes a lifetime to learn to be a man, and vice versa. Shangshu is a record of political affairs; The Book of Songs is a summary of one's heart. The Book of Rites is the premise of the legal system and the general program of various regulations, so you can't finish it until you learn the Book of Rites, which is the pinnacle of morality. The Book of Rites respects the ceremony, the Book of Rites speaks in harmony, the Book of Songs and the Book of History are profound and profound, and the Spring and Autumn Annals is righteous and has covered all the university questions between heaven and earth.

A gentleman's knowledge is obvious, which is manifested in his dignified behavior and his behavior in line with etiquette. Every move, even the slightest words and deeds, can set an example for others. Little people learn from their ears and from their mouths, only four inches apart. How can they perfect their seven-foot figure? The ancients read books for their own moral cultivation, but now people read books just to show off others. Gentlemen learn to improve themselves, while villains learn to show off and grandstanding, and take knowledge as gifts such as poultry and calves to win praise. Therefore, it is impetuous to teach others without asking your advice; Ask and answer, wordy; Impetuousness and wordiness are wrong. A gentleman should answer questions like an empty valley, no more, no less, just right.

Nothing is more convenient than getting close to your tutor. Both the Book of Rites and the Book of Music have statutes, but they are too rough. The Book of Songs and Shangshu are simple but not close to reality. Chunqiu is implicit but not thorough enough; It is noble and comprehensive to imitate a good teacher and learn from a gentleman, and it can also reach the world. So learning is nothing more convenient than getting close to the tutor.

Respecting the tutor is the most convenient way to learn, followed by advocating etiquette. If you don't respect the teacher or salute in class, just read some miscellaneous books and explain the Book of Songs and Shangshu, then you will only be a scholar all your life. To study the wisdom of saints and seek the root of benevolence and righteousness, the shortcut to mastery is to start with etiquette. It's like bending your five fingers and lifting the collar of a fur robe. When you eat, your hair will be completely smooth Not learning manners is like measuring a river with your fingers, holding millet with your fingers, and getting something to eat in a rice cooker with an awl. Therefore, respecting etiquette, even if the knowledge is not thorough and clear, can still be regarded as a moral and cultivated person; If you have no manners, even if you can distinguish right from wrong and be eloquent, you are just a shallow Confucian scholar without real cultivation.

If someone comes to you for an impolite question, don't answer it; Talk about impolite things, don't ask questions; Say rude things in front of you, don't participate; Don't argue with savage and competitive people. Therefore, it is necessary to conform to the principle of propriety and righteousness before giving reception; Avoid people who don't conform to the principle of propriety and righteousness; Therefore, only respectful and polite people can talk about the purpose of Tao; Only those who are fluent in writing can talk about the content of Tao; Only people with sincere attitude can talk about the profound meaning of Tao. Therefore, talking to someone who can't talk is called impetuous; Don't talk to people who can talk to you, that's neglect; Talking casually without looking at the other person's reaction is called blindness. Therefore, a gentleman should not be impetuous, careless or blind. He should be careful with everyone who comes for advice. The Book of Songs says: Not impetuous and not negligent is approved by the son of heaven. That's the truth.

An arrow in a hundred shots is not a good arrow if it doesn't hit the target; Car Ma Qianli, only half a step away, is not a good driver; You can't master ethical norms, adhere to the principle of benevolence and righteousness, and of course you can't be considered good at learning. Learning is a matter that needs full attention. Learning for a while and stopping for a while are ordinary people in the market. There are few good behaviors and many bad behaviors. Jay, Zhou and Tuo are all such people. A scholar can only be considered if he can master the knowledge he has learned comprehensively and thoroughly.

A gentleman knows that learning is not perfect, so he reads a set of books to achieve mastery, understands through thinking and exploration, practices through imitating a tutor, and removes his wrong habitual temperament to maintain. I don't want to see if my eyes are wrong, I don't want to listen if my ears are wrong, I don't want to talk if my mouth is wrong, and I don't want to think if my heart is wrong. When you reach the ideal state of concentrating on your study, you will be as eager to have colorful eyes, good ears and good mouth as you are. If this is done, then there will be no evil thoughts in front of power and selfish desires, many people will not give in, and nothing in the world can shake their beliefs. Living is like this, and it will not change until death. This is called moral integrity. Only with virtue and integrity can we be firm, and only with perseverance can we improvise. If you can be firm and improvise, you are a mature and perfect person. At that time, the sky will be bright and the land will be wide, and the value of a gentleman lies in the perfection of virtue.

Persuade and appreciate