Sixth grade next Chinese S version oral communication tourism ambassador

the legend of diaojiao building? Legend 1 [2] Legend has it that the ancestors of Tujia people moved to western Hubei because their hometown was flooded. At that time, ancient trees were towering, thorns were everywhere, and wolves, tigers and leopards were everywhere. The "dog claw shed" set up by Tujia ancestors is often attacked by wild animals. For the sake of safety, people lit a tree fire, and bamboo was buried in it. The fire and firecrackers scared away the attacking wild animals, but people were often threatened by poisonous snakes and centipedes. Later, an old Tujia man thought of a way: he asked the boys to use ready-made big trees as a shelf, tied up wood, spread wild bamboo strips, and put a roof on the top to build large and small air houses, where they ate and slept. From then on, they were no longer afraid of the attack of poisonous snakes and beasts. This method of building air houses later developed into the current diaojiao building. Legend 2 Long ago, the ancestors of Tujia people lived in caves or under big trees and made a living by hunting and fishing. In the sky, Zhang Tianwang saw that the Tujia people had lived in caves and trees for generations, and their lives were very hard. He wanted to borrow a temple from the Dragon King of the East China Sea to give it to the Tujia people. When Zhang Tianwang arrived at the Dragon Palace in the East China Sea, he said so when he saw the Dragon King. The dragon king thought, My temple is too big and heavy for you to move. So I agreed. Zhang Tianwang came to a temple with three legs and two riding legs, and lifted it with his hand. When the Dragon King saw it, he regretted not agreeing. I had to reluctantly say, "Give it back after use." Zhang Tianwang said, "I will return it in seven days." Zhang Tianwang came to Tujia cottage with a temple, and asked Tujia people to imitate a three-column and two-riding (that is, three pillars landed and two pillars hung) diaojiao building. Seven days later, the Dragon King came to Zhang Tianwang to return to the temple. Zhang Tianwang said, "If you want it, I'll pay you back." When I mentioned the temple, I threw it by a river and put it on both sides of the river. "Move it yourself!" The Dragon King knew that he couldn't move, so he had to go back to the Dragon Palace angrily. From then on, every rainy season, the dragon king will be angry and flood, so that the water will wash away the temples on the river. People can't cross the river from the temple during the flood season. So people put a dragon-cutting knife under the bridge, and the dragon never dared to go straight into the temple building. People not only had a house to live in, but also came and went across the river conveniently. Legend has it that a long time ago, there was a Tujia farmer, and the couple were pulling two children. Every day when my husband comes back from work, he always puts hemp fiber and hat on the step. Unexpectedly, one morning, the hemp fiber and the hat were pulled into the corner of the wall. It turned out that the dog slept on it for the night. In order to avoid this from happening again, they found a big bamboo pole and tied it to the stigma outside the step with kudzu vine to hang the hemp fiber and hat. Once, my wife was sitting under the eaves, knitting linen and mending clothes, and two children kept pestering her, which made her unable to survive. She couldn't get enough of it, so she found some wooden poles and boards and built a platform with bamboo poles hanging hemp fiber and hats. She sat on it, continued to knit linen and mend clothes, and was no longer afraid of children making noise. People see this good, and then further develop the platform into housing, which has become a diaojiao building. When it comes to diaojiao building, people's impression is that a small wooden building stands on the river. In fact, it is not. Diaojiao building is a kind of folk building hanging from the west of Hunan Province, with an ancient legend! The beautiful Xiangxi and Shan Qi are so different that people can't bear to go home. The diaojiao building with antique and special architectural style adds a bit of charm to the landscape. In Mr. Shen Congwen's hometown, Phoenix, the Tuojiang River passes by the city, and the local people live near the river, with a lot of diaojiao buildings, high and low in uneven level. One end of the diaojiao building is supported by the river bank, and the other end is suspended on the water. The high hanging column stands in the water as a support, which is full of beauty of strength. The diaojiao building in western Hunan has a lively architectural form, which can be near the water, near the mountains and valleys, or built on the edge of the dam. Slightly cut and build by laying bricks or stones, choose good wood to support the hanging buildings in rows or rows, and decorate them with a few clumps of Maolin bamboo, which saves time and labor, and is warm and picturesque. This kind of building has cornices and corners, a circular corridor on three sides, and a number of hanging columns with eight rhombic shapes and four squares engraved with hydrangeas or melons. The wall panels are painted bright and bright, and the flower windows are embedded, so it is ventilated to the sun. Flower windows often have deep intentions, and they are engraved with patterns such as "Double Phoenix Rising in the Sun" and "Magpie Loves Plum", which are simple and beautiful and elegant. The beauty of the diaojiao building is that it is moisture-proof and dry; Second, land is saved and the cost is cheaper; Third, the diaojiao building built by the mountain or by the dam often leaves a certain space between the hanging columns, which can feed livestock. "There are lambs barking under the diaojiao building" (Shen Congwen's Night Around the Duck Nest). The old black-tiled wooden diaojiao building has a bright, warm and friendly room. If you are lucky enough to visit, the enthusiastic Xiangxi people make tea and sift wine, and put on all kinds of game, which makes people feel at home. Xiangxi Diaojiao Building belongs to the category of ancient dry-diaphragm architecture. The so-called dry-diaphragm building is a kind of house with a large volume, the lower house is overhead and the upper floor is paved with wooden boards for living (Zhuang Yuguang's Dry-diaphragm Building). This architectural form is mainly distributed in the south, especially in the Yangtze River basin and mountainous areas. Because of the water and rain in these areas, the air and stratum humidity are high, and because the dry diaphragm building is overhead on the ground floor, it is extremely beneficial to moisture prevention and ventilation. Legend has it that in the early days, Tujia people in western Hunan set up some thatched huts to live in, cut grass and plow fields, and planted crops on the burned land. There are towering ancient trees in this area, and there are many tigers, leopards, wolves, snakes and centipedes crawling around in the barren hills and old forests. Because people are afraid of wild animals, they burn fires and bury bamboo joints in the fire. Wild animals are too scared to approach when they see the bright fire. However, snakes, insects and ants don't care much about these things and often drill into the house. An old man came up with an idea. He cut some branches into strips, tied a shelf on the tree next to the straw shed like a raft, covered it with wild bamboo and thin branches, padded it with leaves and thatch, and set up a thatched canopy on top to shelter from the rain. People sleep halfway up the tree, so it is not easy for snakes, insects and ants to climb up. However, after the food on the ground was crawled by insects, people vomited and diarrhea after eating it. The old man thought of another way, asking people to pull pieces of big rock slabs up the tree, lay them flat, and then put a layer of yellow mud on them, and then put pots on them to make rice, so that the grain would not be crawled by insects. The method of the elderly soon spread from one place to another, and people followed this method. They set up thatched sheds of all sizes at the middle of the tree and lived on them, with their feet hanging in the air, which was called "diaojiao building" by the people. Cultural Connotations Diaojiaolou has rich cultural connotations. Tujia folk houses pay attention to Long Mai. Besides being built in Long Mai and deified by human beings and gods, they also have a very prominent concept of space cosmology. Tujia diaojiao building is not only in the arms of the universe and nature unilaterally, but also in the arms of the universe and nature at the same time. This space concept of accommodating the universe is very obvious in Tujia Shangliang ritual songs: "In the previous step, look at Baoliang, a round of Tai Chi is in the center, and a one-yuan line is auspicious. In the last two steps, the word "Gankun" is on both sides, and the sun and the moon will be enjoyed in pairs forever ... "The words" Gankun "and" Sun and Moon "here represent the universe. In a sense, Tujia diaojiao building is closer and more intimate to the universe subjectively, thus making the house, people and the universe integrated and inseparable. ?