History and tourism

The Relationship between History and Tourism —— The Problem of sogou 1. Cultural attribute of tourism

Tourism is essentially a cultural activity. Tourism consumption activities and tourism management activities have strong cultural characteristics. Only by excavating the cultural connotation can we have the charm of attracting tourists. As Shangqing Sun pointed out, "tourism is an economic and cultural industry that has developed to a certain stage and a cultural and economic industry that has developed to a mature stage." This sentence thoroughly clarifies the close relationship between tourism and culture.

1. The cultural essence of tourism subject

Tourism, as a cross-time consumption activity, is the result of economic development, but whether a person can become a tourist needs internal motivation, as Mozi, a pre-Qin thinker, said, "Always have enough to eat and then seek beauty; Clothes must always keep warm, and then seek beauty; Live in peace and then seek happiness. " After the basic survival needs are met, with the increase of income, human beings will inevitably pursue higher material enjoyment and spiritual enjoyment. However, tourism activities are the result of cultural drive. From the perspective of historical development, although economic development provides a material basis for social progress, the most fundamental thing in social development is the revolution of social culture and ideas. The prosperity of world-wide tourism activities after World War II is the result of the global economic recovery and prosperity objectively, and the change of cultural concepts at a deeper level.

2. The cultural connotation of the tourist object

According to the basic causes and attributes of tourism resources, tourism resources can be divided into two categories: natural resources and human resources. Humanistic tourism resources, whether tangible cultural relics or intangible ethnic customs and social customs, belong to the cultural category. The natural landscape composed of various natural environments, natural elements, natural substances and natural phenomena can only be transformed from potential tourism resources into realistic tourism resources through artificial development and utilization. Even natural beauty must be reflected and spread through appreciation, which is a cultural activity. Therefore, natural tourism resources are also cultural.

3. Cultural characteristics of tourism media

Tourists can be said to be cultural consumers who pursue spiritual enjoyment. Therefore, the core products of tourism can only be cultural products or products with high cultural content. Only by providing high-quality cultural products to consumers can tourism operators achieve the purpose of exchange and profit. Under the condition of market economy, the developers of tourism resources should not only understand the characteristics and functions of tourism resources themselves, but also understand the cultural characteristics pursued by tourists and develop cultural tourism products suitable for all kinds of tourism. The cultural characteristics of tourism also permeate the operation of various tourism departments, such as modern tourist hotels, which are not simply places to provide meals, but comprehensive places with functions of accommodation, socialization, entertainment and aesthetics. Therefore, an excellent hotel needs to constantly improve the cultural taste of restaurants, rooms, entertainment and other links, cultivate and improve the cultural quality of service personnel, and provide emotional and personalized cultural services.

The relationship between China's history and tourism is 1. The word "China" can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty (about17th century BC, 22nd century BC). After Qin unified the whole country, it was called China, which has been passed down to this day.

China has many other nicknames, such as China, China, China and Kyushu. 2. People in China at home and abroad are called descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

Yanhuang is the leader of two ancient tribes, Yandi and Huangdi. According to legend, they unified China and made outstanding contributions to the origin of early civilization in China, so Yan Huang is regarded as the common ancestor of the Chinese nation. The picture on the right shows the Yellow Emperor.

3. In the history of the formation of the Chinese nation, the nation represented by Yu played an important role. Later generations in the summer took Huashan as their activity center, so they got the title of Huaxia people.

Today, people use "Huaxia" to represent the Chinese nation. "Chinese descendants" is also a glorious title that overseas Chinese are proud of.

4. patriotism and love for the hometown have always been the basic moral norms and norms of the Chinese nation. 5. Self-improvement implies the Chinese nation's self-esteem, self-confidence, independence and self-improvement, which embodies the Chinese nation's tenacious vitality and indomitable pioneering spirit, makes people treat life with a positive, optimistic and promising attitude, and makes hard work become the character of the Chinese nation, thus safeguarding national independence and promoting national progress.

6. The Chinese nation advocates morality and believes that individual morality is the key to national politics. Therefore, everyone should abide by the moral standards and take having both ability and political integrity as the foundation of being a man.

7. China people have always attached importance to reality, believing that "seeing is believing, hearing is empty", and advocating the pursuit of life ideals and the realization of life value in practical work and life. This is the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic in China culture. 8. Chinese culture contains the spirit of tolerance and generosity, and advocates that all ethnic groups and countries respect each other and live in harmony to achieve "harmony among nations."

9. The Book of Changes, also known as the Book of Changes, is a classic and encyclopedia of ancient China culture. Its ideological content penetrated into China's astronomy, physics, prediction, mathematics, medicine, martial arts and other fields.

10 and Zhouyi are regarded by foreign countries as the source of China's culture and science and technology for more than 5,000 years, which have attracted the attention and research of many western scholars, and a worldwide "Yi Xue" has emerged. 1 1. During the Warring States Period (475 BC, 22 BC1year), epoch-making changes took place in society. Many thinkers expressed different opinions on the social changes at that time from different standpoints and angles, resulting in various theories such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Law, and the academic culture was prosperous. This is "a hundred schools of thought contend"

12, a hundred schools of thought contend is the floorboard of various schools from pre-Qin to early Han. The philosophers refer to the representatives of various factions, such as Confucius and Mencius of Confucianism and Laozi of Taoism.

Hundred schools refer to various schools, such as Confucianism, Taoism and so on. 13, Lao Zi, Li Er, also known as Lao Dan, was a thinker and founder of Taoism in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).

Later, he was honored as the ancestor of Taoism and the founder of Taoism. 14, Lao Tzu regards Tao as the creator and ultimate source of all things in the universe.

15, Confucius, named Zhong Ni, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and was the founder of Confucianism (left). 16. After the Han Dynasty, Confucianism became the orthodoxy of feudal culture, and Confucius was honored as a "saint".

17, Zhuangzi, philosopher in the Warring States Period. 18, Mencius, Mingke, was born in the Warring States Period.

He developed Confucius' theory of "benevolence" into the theory of "benevolent government", expounded the Confucian thought of attaching importance to the people, and suggested that rulers attach importance to the people. His theory has a great influence on the development of Confucianism in later generations, and his works include Mencius.

19, Taoism, a school centered on preaching the theory of "Tao" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This school regards Tao as the origin of all things in the universe and advocates self-nature.

20. Confucianism was a school that respected Confucius' theory and advocated "courtesy, joy, benevolence and righteousness" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. 2 1, ancient thinkers in China saw that all phenomena have positive and negative sides, so they used the concept of Yin and Yang to explain the two opposing and declining material forces in nature, regarded the alternation of Yin and Yang as the fundamental law of the universe, and used Yin and Yang as a metaphor for social phenomena, which extended to the relationship between the upper and lower, the monarch and the people, and the husband and wife.

22. The "Five Elements" take water, fire, wood, gold and earth as the elements that make up everything, so as to illustrate the unity of the origin and diversity of everything in the world. 23. "gossip" is also called "classics".

The eight diagrams in Zhouyi symbolize heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountains and mountains, and each divination symbolizes many things. 24. Le Gan Tan is a documentary work of reasoning and persuasion written by Hong Yingming in his later years of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644). It is a collection of aphorisms and aphorisms about self-cultivation, treating people and dealing with things.

25. Confucian classics, The Analects of Confucius, The University, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, have been called the "Four Books" since the Southern Song Dynasty and are the basis of the imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 26. The Five Classics was established in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, referring to Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu.

27. Xiuqi Zhiping is a Confucian term, which is the abbreviation of self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country and leveling the world. Confucianism advocates the ideal from near to far, from person to person, from "self-cultivation" and "leveling the world", forming the whole ethical and political philosophy system.

28. The unity of man and nature is one of the characteristics of China's ancient philosophy. Emphasizing the unity of "heaven", "man", "nature" and "man-made" is the ideological realm of China ancient people's pursuit of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 29. Filial piety is an ancient moral code in China, which mainly refers to filial piety to parents and respect for elders.

30. "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world" is a famous sentence written by Fan Zhongyan (pictured left) in The Story of Yueyang Tower in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1 127), which shows a noble mind of caring for the country and the people and being selfless. 3 1, "cautious independence" is a Confucian term, which means that when you are alone, you should be cautious and conform to moral standards.

Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties regards "cautious independence" as one of the important cultivation methods. 32. Taoism was a religion that rose among the people in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220). It originated from Taoist thought and immortal magic in the Warring States period, and was worshipped by Huangdi and Laozi as the leaders.

33. Confucianism, also known as "Confucianism", is the feudal ruler who put Confucius.

The history of tourism development recommends that you read the book History of Tourism Development. The book recommended by the editor systematically combs the world tourism history spanning four social forms of human beings and stretching for thousands of years, and makes a detailed textual research on the influential tourism activities and events in history, presenting a magnificent picture of the world tourism history from the perspectives of tourism transportation and facilities, types of tourism activities, construction and development of tourist attractions, tourism intermediaries and tourism organizations, travelers and tourism documents.

At the same time, as the first monograph on the study of the history of world tourism in China, this book has made a useful discussion on when tourism came into being, whether there was tourism before the industrial revolution, how to divide the history of world tourism into stages, and what is the scope of the study of world tourism history, which has certain enlightenment for promoting the study of world tourism history and constructing the theoretical framework of world tourism history. This book systematically combs the history of world tourism that spans four social forms of human beings and stretches for thousands of years, and makes a detailed textual research on influential tourism activities and events in history, presenting a magnificent picture of world tourism history from the perspectives of tourism transportation and facilities, types of tourism activities, construction and development of tourist attractions, tourism intermediaries and tourism organizations, travelers and tourism documents.

At the same time, as the first monograph on the study of the history of world tourism in China, this book has made a useful discussion on when tourism came into being, whether there was tourism before the industrial revolution, how to divide the history of world tourism into stages, and what is the scope of the study of world tourism history, which has certain enlightenment for promoting the study of world tourism history and constructing the theoretical framework of world tourism history. Author brief introduction Peng Shunsheng, a native of Ningyuan, Hunan.

Currently working in the Sino-French Tourism College of Wenzhou University, I have visited the Peking University Tourism Research and Planning Center, the Department of Anthropology of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Genoa. 1990 after graduation, Yimi has been keen on the research of history, tourism and family education. He has published 6 books and more than 50 papers in national and provincial academic journals such as World History, Yearbook of World History Studies, History of Peking University, Academic Research, Ideological Front and Travel Magazine.

The academic research direction is world tourism history, tourism culture and tourism anthropology. Directory introduction. When did tourism originate? 2. Was there only travel before the industrial revolution? 3. How is the history of world tourism divided into stages? 4. What is the research scope of world tourism history? 5. Compilation methods and research methods Chapter 1: The emergence of world tourism Chapter 1: Early human production and social activities Chapter 2: The emergence of business travel Chapter 3: Western myths and legends and travel Chapter 2: Travel and tourism in ancient Egypt Chapter 1: The background of the rise of travel and tourism in ancient Egypt. Tourism, transportation and tourism facilities in ancient Egypt III. Tourism activities in ancient Egypt. Tourism landscape of ancient Egypt III. Travel and Tourism in Ancient Greece I. Background of the Rise of Travel and Tourism in Ancient Greece II. Travel and tourist facilities in ancient Greece. Travel and tourism activities in ancient Greece. Tourism landscape of ancient Greece iv. Travel and Tourism in Ancient Rome I. Background of Travel and Tourism in Ancient Rome II. Travel and tourist facilities in ancient Rome. Travel and tourism activities in ancient Rome. Chapter V Tourism Landscape of Ancient Rome Travel and Tourism in Europe in the Middle Ages I. Background of Travel and Tourism in Western Europe in the Middle Ages II. Medieval tourist transportation and tourist facilities in western Europe III. Medieval travel and tourism activities in western Europe. Medieval tourism landscape in western Europe v. famous travelers and tourism documents in western Europe VI. Characteristics of medieval travel and tourism in western Europe. The influence of medieval travel and tourism in western Europe on the social development in western Europe. Travel and tourism in other parts of Europe Chapter VI Travel and tourism in medieval Asia I. Travel and tourism in West Asian countries before the rise of the Empire II. Medieval social travel and tourism background III. Tourist traffic and tourist facilities in medieval society. Travel and tourism activities in medieval society. Travel and Tourism in Other Major Feudal Countries in Asia Chapter VII Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Modern Tourism in the World I.17 ~1Overview of Tourism before the end of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the 9th century II. Industrial revolution and its influence on the rise of modern tourism. Thomas Cook and the Birth of Modern Tourism Chapter VIII Modern Tourism Traffic in the World I. Construction of Modern Road System II. Steam engine and steam mechanical transportation iii. Internal combustion engines and gasoline and diesel vehicles Ⅳ. The Age of Automobile Inventors V. Air Transport-Invention of Aircraft Chapter 9 The Rise and Development of Modern Tourism and Accommodation in the World I. The Rise and Development of Modern Hotels II. The emergence of modern commercial hotels. Other types of modern hotels and hotels. The Difference between Modern The New Inn and Ancient Inn Chapter 10 Modern World Tourism Activities I, Modern Business Tourism II. Modern holiday tourism. Modern health tourism. Modern Sightseeing Tourism V. Modern Cultural Tourism VI. Features of Modern Tourism Activities Chapter XI Modern World Tourism Landscape I. Modern Famous Architectural Landscape II. Modern Famous Garden Landscape III. Development of Ancient Historical Sites Chapter XII Modern World Tourism Intermediaries and Tourism Organizations I. Emergence and Development of Modern World Tourism Intermediaries II. Emergence of Modern World Tourism Organizations Chapter XIII Modern World Travelers and Tourism Literature I. Soul-stirring * * * Atkinson's trip to Europe and Asia, pioneer in exploring Central Asia, global travel of Goncharov and Goncharov, Robert Byron and crossing inland Asia, chapter 14, background of modern tourism prosperity, postwar world economic growth, postwar traffic progress, postwar rapid growth of world population and urbanization of various countries, and postwar development of science and technology. Attitudes and measures of developing tourism in post-war countries. The development of post-war education, information technology and the role of other factors Chapter XV Modern World Tourism Traffic Chapter XVI Special Tourism Traffic Chapter XVI Modern World Accommodation Traffic.

Understanding of the relationship between China's history, culture and tourism.

Tourism consumption activities and tourism management activities have strong cultural characteristics. Only by excavating the cultural connotation can we have the charm of attracting tourists.

As Shangqing Sun pointed out, "tourism is an economic and cultural industry that has developed to a certain stage and a cultural and economic industry that has developed to a mature stage." This sentence thoroughly clarifies the close relationship between tourism and culture.

1. Tourism, as the cultural essence of inter-temporal consumption activities, its widespread appearance is the result of economic development, but whether a person can become a tourist needs more internal motivation, as Mozi, a pre-Qin thinker, said, "You must always be satisfied and then seek beauty; Clothes must always keep warm, and then seek beauty; Live in peace and then seek happiness. " After the basic survival needs are met, with the increase of income, human beings will inevitably pursue higher material enjoyment and spiritual enjoyment.

However, tourism activities are the result of cultural drive. From the perspective of historical development, although economic development provides a material basis for social progress, the most fundamental thing in social development is the revolution of social culture and ideas.

The prosperity of world-wide tourism activities after World War II is the result of the global economic recovery and prosperity objectively, and the change of cultural concepts at a deeper level. 2. Cultural connotation of tourist objects According to their basic causes and attributes, tourist resources can be roughly divided into two categories: natural resources and human resources.

Humanistic tourism resources, whether tangible cultural relics or intangible ethnic customs and social customs, belong to the cultural category. The natural landscape composed of various natural environments, natural elements, natural substances and natural phenomena can only be transformed from potential tourism resources into realistic tourism resources through artificial development and utilization.

Even natural beauty must be reflected and spread through appreciation, which is a cultural activity. Therefore, natural tourism resources are also cultural. 3. Cultural characteristics of tourism media Tourists can be said to be cultural consumers who pursue spiritual enjoyment.

Therefore, the core products of tourism can only be cultural products or products with high cultural content. Only by providing high-quality cultural products to consumers can tourism operators achieve the purpose of exchange and profit. Under the condition of market economy, the developers of tourism resources should not only understand the characteristics and functions of tourism resources themselves, but also understand the cultural characteristics pursued by tourists and develop cultural tourism products suitable for all kinds of tourism.

The cultural characteristics of tourism also permeate the operation of various tourism departments, such as modern tourist hotels, which are not simply places to provide meals, but comprehensive places with functions of accommodation, socialization, entertainment and aesthetics. Therefore, an excellent hotel needs to constantly improve the cultural taste of restaurants, rooms, entertainment and other links, cultivate and improve the cultural quality of service personnel, and provide emotional and personalized cultural services.

The Role of History and Culture in Tourism Ma Bo pointed out in Modern Tourism Culturology: "Cultural factors permeate all aspects of modern tourism activities, and culture is the starting point and destination of tourists, the source of attraction of tourism landscape and the soul of tourism".

1 1 When we study tourism culture, we should not only pay attention to the concepts, cases, phenomena and problems of tourism culture, but also build a multi-structure of tourism culture system. Only in this way can tourism culture play a role in tourism and social development. Tourism culture is not a simple addition of tourism and culture, nor is it a hodgepodge of various cultures. It is a brand-new cultural form produced by the combination of traditional culture and tourism science, and a complete cultural system.

For tourism culture, other cultures are "raw materials". In tourism activities, the original cultural factors such as ideas, psychological characteristics and ways of thinking in tourists' minds collide and combine with the heterogeneous cultural factors in the destination, and gradually form a new cultural form.

What are the historical and cultural tourist attractions in China? One of the top ten tourist attractions in China is the Great Wall of Wan Li, which was built in the 5th century BC during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the 3rd century BC, Qin Shihuang unified China and sent 300,000 troops from Meng Tian to chase the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the original Great Wall in sections and continuing to build it.

Since then, it has been continuously maintained and expanded, and/kloc-0 was built for more than 2,000 years around the middle of the 7th century. The Forbidden City in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. Today, people call it the Forbidden City, which means the imperial palace in the past.

Chengde mountain resort was built in the 42nd year of Kangxi, and finally completed in the 55th year of Qianlong, which lasted for 87 years. There are more than 20 buildings, platforms, halls, pavilions, temples, towers, corridors, bridges 120, and 72 scenic spots that are in harmony with the natural landscape, especially Kang and Ganyu. There is a garden in the garden and a scene in the scene, which constitutes a picture. Huangshan, Anhui Huangshan is located in the beautiful mountainous area of southern Anhui in the northwest of Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It is famous for its "three musts" and "four musts". Its spectacular peaks, exquisite rocks, changing clouds and strange pine trees constitute endless magical beauty.

Huangshan Mountain was included in the "World Heritage (Culture and Nature)" list on 1990. Hangzhou West Lake West Lake is a famous tourist attraction in China, known as "paradise on earth".

Guilin Landscape Guilin Lijiang Scenic Area is the largest and most beautiful karst landscape tourist area in the world, which has fascinated many literati for thousands of years. Guilin Lijiang Scenic Area takes Guilin as the center, starts from Xing 'an Lingqu in the north and reaches Yangshuo in the south, and is connected by Lijiang River.

Guilin's landscape is famous at home and abroad for its "green hills, beautiful waters and strange caves". One river (Lijiang River), two caves (reed flute cave and Qixingyan) and three mountains (Duxiufeng, Fu Bo and Diecai Mountain) are the most representative, which are basically the essence of Guilin's landscape.

The terracotta warriors and horses in Xi 'an are located at the northern foot of Mount Li. Dense trees cover a group of large buildings with unique shapes. This is the famous Terracotta Warriors Museum. Suzhou Gardens Suzhou is famous for its beautiful gardens, and it is said that "Jiangnan Gardens are the best in the world, and Suzhou Gardens are the first in the south of the Yangtze River".

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge. Sun Moon Lake, one of the top ten scenic spots in China, is located in Shuishe Village, Yuchi Township, Nantou County, central Taiwan Province Province.