Appreciation of Bai Juyi's Works in Heluo Area

Bai Juyi's Heluo Complex

Bai Juyi's Heluo Complex

Bai Gaolai Bai Yongtong

Longmen, Luoyang, two opposite mountains, lush; The water in Iraq is moving and shining. Xishan is the world-famous Longmen Grottoes. At the top of Dongshan Mountain, there is the famous Xiangshan Temple, and at the northern foot there is the Pipa Peak, where Bai Juyi (772-846), a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, was buried.

First, close relatives: Rooted in Heluo, hometown Luoyang

History books often call Bai Juyi a native of Taiyuan, and Taiyuan is Bai's family hope. To Bai Juyi's great-grandfather

Father Bai Wen and Bai Jia have moved to Xia 'ao (now Weinan) in Shaanxi. Bai Wen was an official in the era of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. He was a doctor in the Qing Dynasty and an official in the school. Because he lived in Duluo, Dazhou for a long time in his later years, Bai also had a mansion in Luoyang. There are six sons, the second son Bai Hong (the father of Bai Min, the grandfather of Bai Min), the sixth son (the father of Bai, the grandfather of Bai Juyi) and their descendants have all lived here. This is Bai Juyi's poem, which has been mentioned many times. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Bai Yongcheng met a famous scholar. Successively Luyi County Order, Luoyang County Order and Ziziphus jujuba County Order. Finally, he was re-elected in the three exams in Gongxian County. When Zhong Bai was in charge of Luoyang, he married Shi Xue, the daughter of the first snow of Henan county magistrate. They have five children and a daughter. After Bai Yong was re-elected as the magistrate of Gongxian County, his family moved to Xinzheng. It can be inferred that all his children were born in Luoyang and spent their adolescence. Five sons and four officials are also near Luoyang, Henan Province. Therefore, Luoyang has become the second hometown of Bai Wen's descendants, and the Yucai Baijia Mansion has left them more memories than the hometown of Xiayi, which will make them unforgettable.

Second, youth: wandering from place to place, miserable, warm at home in Luoyang.

In the seventh year of Tang Dali (772), Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai, Xinzheng. At the age of eleven or twelve, in order to escape the war in southern Henan, the Bai family moved to Fuli, not far from his office in Xuzhou, while Bai Juyi lived alone in Vietnam (at that time, several Bai people were officials in that area). Bai Juyi has been traveling between Luoyang, R&F, Quzhou and Xiangyang since he was ten years old. Luoyang has an old house of the Bai family, and several of his elders, brothers and sisters. Bai Juyi arrived at his home in Luoyang from south to east. At home in Luoyang, he and several brothers, "live in bed, but ride out." Bai Juyi's tired body and mind got warmth and comfort here. On May 28th, the tenth year of Zhenyuan (794), Bai died in Xiangzhou, and the whole family suddenly lost their spiritual support and economic resources, which was a great blow to the Bai family. They couldn't transport Ji Geng's coffin back to their hometown, so they had to occupy Xiangyang. Bai Juyi intends to send his weak mother and younger brother to Luoyang for temporary residence, and then go back to Liv for mourning. In the 13th year of Zhenyuan (799), his father was in mourning. The following spring, Bai Youwen, Bai Juyi's eldest brother, quickly went to Fuliang County, Raozhou as the master book to help the whole family. Bai Juyi then moved to Luoyang and then went to Fuliang. During this period, Bai Juyi wrote the following poem in Luoyang with a sad mood: "Thoughts on Yucai House": "If you want to enter the middle gate, you will be full of tears, and the court will spend two rejuvenating. The curtains are still there, but there is one more person in front of the hall. " This poem is about Bai Juyi's sad scene of escorting his mother back to Luoyang to educate her. "Shang Xing Fu" is a story written by Bai Juyi in the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799): "In the spring of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, my brother worked in Fuliang, received a meager salary to support himself, and was ordered to return home. ...... From Poyang to Luoyang ....... ""Since the chaos in Henan, the customs were hungry, the brothers were separated, and they were all in one place. Because they were looking forward to the moon and talking about books, they sent Brother Fuliang to the seventh brother of Qianjiang and the fifteenth brother of Wujiang, which also showed their brothers and sisters. ""I lost the chaos and my brothers and sisters went east and west. After the war of grazing Liao, my own flesh and blood became the scum of the street. The injured shadow is like a lonely wild goose, wandering like a broken-rooted autumn canopy. * * * Looking at the bright moon and crying, it is a red heart. In five places, it is a wish. " This poem describes the scene that the Bai brothers were forced by the war, separated from each other, and lived in various places, struggling to make a living.

Bai Juyi was born in a family of generations of literati. I was familiar with phonology at the age of nine, a scholar at the age of ten, and a scholar at the age of fifteen, so I studied hard. "Twenty years, I have been studying during the day, studying at night, occasionally studying poetry, and I don't want to sleep." As a result, my mouth and tongue are sore and my elbows are broken. Strong and not rich in skin, with early white teeth. "(Nine Books of Imperial Garden). However, many things grind, and hard work pays off:/kloc-At the age of 0/8, Bai Juyi wrote "endless grass in Yuan Ye, four seasons come and go, wildfires never die, and the spring breeze blows high" ("Farewell to ancient grass"), which won the respect of North Korean celebrities. Due to poor family background, frequent changes (father's death, funeral, etc. ), Bai Juyi took part in the provincial examination at the age of 28, paid tribute to Yun Xuan observation ambassador Cui Yan, and went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam. On February 14th, in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), under the test of Gao Ying, assistant minister of Zhongshu, he became famous in one fell swoop. He was the fourth person and the youngest among seventeen people. After that, he couldn't wait to go straight to Luoyang. Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and this surprise was reported to relatives and friends. Mother cried with joy, and relatives and friends laughed without disturbing their mouths. The brothers said that they would follow his example and study hard. Two years later, in the winter of the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan (AD 802), Bai Juyi took part in the storytelling and Jinshi examination in the official department, and won the first place with Yuan Zhen, secretary of the provincial school. Since then, I have embarked on a career. Bai Juyi traveled between Luoyang, Jiangnan and R&F for more than two years from Jinshi to the parish. His poems in Luoyang include Living with Me in Late Autumn, Du Dongdong Festival in Zhengjialin Pavilion in the same year, and Winter Show Min Nest. After Bai Juyi became an official in the capital, the capital was only a hundred miles away from his hometown in Xiaao, so that he could take a leave of absence in the spring of the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804). After visiting Luoyang, he took Liv and his family back to his hometown-Jinshi Village, Yijin Township, Xiaao County.

Third, old age: settled in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and was buried in Xiangshan, Longmen.

Bai Juyi entered the official career, especially after being awarded Zuo Shiyi and Hanlin bachelor's degree. He wanted to take "saving the world" as his own responsibility, get rid of the drawbacks of the imperial court and relieve the sufferings of the people. On the one hand, he used his position as an admonition officer to say that "there must be rules if there are mistakes, and there must be admonition if there is violation, and the court will observe both gains and losses, and the interests of the world will be clear"; On the one hand, using poetry as a weapon, anyone who is difficult to make a sound should sing. His famous satirical poems "Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu" were written at this time. These poems, like handfuls of daggers, stab at the dark social reality, making the powerful people "suffocate", "change color" and "gnash their teeth" (Nine Books, a Yuan zaju). Therefore, Bai Juyi was squeezed out and hit by powerful people. In the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), Tang Jun stepped up its attack on Wu Yuanji, a separatist regime in Huaixi. In order to obstruct the move to the DPRK, Sok Li Taoist assassins assassinated the Prime Minister Wu, and Pei Du, the Imperial Adviser, was seriously injured. Bai Juyi first wrote a letter asking to catch a thief to repay the national humiliation, and the dignitaries demoted Bai Juyi to Jiangzhou Sima for exceeding his authority. After more than three years in Jiangzhou Sima, he was appointed as the remote secretariat of Zhongzhou. The relegation and lonely life away from Kyoto killed Bai Juyi's ambition. In the summer of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Bai Juyi was recalled to the capital, and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu, a doctor and a magistrate. Bai Juyi was disgusted with the fatuity of the monarch, the politics of Japan and Africa, the fierce party struggle between the powerful and powerful, and the conflicts between them. He didn't want to get involved, so he asked to go abroad. In July of the second year of Changqing (822), Bai Juyi became the secretariat of Hangzhou, followed by Suzhou. During this period, Bai Juyi "sympathized with the people's feelings", built water conservancy projects, diverted water to irrigate fields, and suppressed prison abuse, and did many good things that benefited the people, which was deeply loved by the people of Suzhou and Hangzhou. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), the secretariat of Hangzhou was full. Bai Juyi, 54, returned to Luoyang after a 20-year absence, except for the son of Prince Zuo who distributed the capital to the East. He decided to take Luoyang as his death place, so he invested all his money, plus two horses, and bought a mansion in the road, which was ridden by former hermit Yang Ping. Later, although he served as a secretariat in Suzhou for more than a year, he was transferred back to Beijing to serve as secretary supervisor and assistant minister of punishments. However, he has always been vigilant against the "party struggle" in North Korea and never forgets to avoid disasters. In the spring of the third year of Yamato (829), he resigned as assistant minister of punishments and returned to Luoyang with the Prince as the guest. He is 58 years old. Later, Bai Juyi became a guest teacher of Henan Yin and Prince for a while, and finally became a junior teacher of Prince Dongdu. In August of the sixth year of Huichang (846), 75-year-old Bai Juyi died of illness at his home in Lu Daoli. His family respected his instructions and buried him at Pipa Peak in Menshan.

Due to the fate of his ancestors and youth with Luoyang, Bai Juyi chose Luoyang as his burial place and bought a house in Confucianism and Taoism, where bamboo ponds, islands, trees, bridges and nymphs are readily available. Later, he personally designed and renovated this homestead many times, making it a famous garden in Du Dong at that time, and also a garden masterpiece that later gardeners learned and respected. Bai Juyi's gardening art of Daoli Garden has a certain influence in the gardening history of China and Japan. Bai Juyi, who lives in Luoyang, loves the mountains and rivers of Luoyang. "Anyone who visits temples, hills and villas with springs, stones, flowers and bamboos for sixty or seventy miles inside and outside Los Angeles will never travel" (Biography of Mr. Zuiyin). I have visited Songshan and Shaolin Temple twice and the Temple of Heaven and Fangkou in Jiyuan three times. He often goes to Longmen and Xiangshan Temple outside Los Angeles. Visited the Wufeng Pagoda and Tiangong Pavilion in Los Angeles many times. Tianjin Bridge and Weiwangdi on the banks of Luoshui River, he often strolls around. In his later years, Bai Juyi continued to attack poetry in Luoyang, and the number of poetry and prose works in this period accounted for more than one-third of his life works. He also sorted out his poetry collections many times. In May of the fifth year of Huichang (845), the year before the poet died of illness, he arranged his poems for the last time, and asked his nephew and family to copy them five times and write them down by hand: "There are seventy-five volumes before and after, with a poem size of 3,840." Three of them are kept in Luoyang: one is kept in Shengshan Temple, one is my nephew Gui Lang, and the other is my grandson Ge Qintong. (Postscript to the Collection of White Works) Before that, in five years (840), the poet collected 800 poems that he 12 had returned to Luoyang into ten volumes and collected them in the collection hall of Xiangshan Temple in Longmen. In his later years, Bai Juyi's ambition of "having the best of both worlds" did not die out. One summer, the weather was very hot. "I have a headache and sweat all over my face, and the night returns to the morning." The poet who loves the sufferings of the hot summer thought of the peasants at this time. "Guests will be tired and farmers will suffer" ("Bitter Heat"). Another winter, his family sewed a silk coat for him. He put it on his body, and he was quite upset. He specially wrote a poem to express his wish: "Water waves make new clothes, which are soft, even, warm and light." It's sunny in the morning, hold it against the wall to bask in the sun, and don't forget to wear it when you look at the snow at night. There is endless bitterness in the robe, and it is said that kapok is cold. Banquet safety often invades the night with joy and lies in a stable coma until dawn. The people are hopelessly cold and too warm to be cared for. My heart will remember the hardships of farmers' farming, as if I heard the cold of hunger and cold. I have achieved great success, and I will build Luoyang City with you. "(The sentimental tone of New Silk Coat) When Bai Juyi was in his eighties, he still tried his best to do two good things for Luoyang and future generations. First, in the sixth year of Daiwa (832), in order to write an epitaph for an old friend Yuan Zhen, Xiangshan Temple was rebuilt at a cost of 670,000 yuan, which was completed in March. Poems include Xiu Xiang Mountain Temple and Rebuilding Xiangshan Temple with Twenty-two Rhymes. Second, in the fourth year of Huichang (844), Huichang presided over dredging and excavated Bajie Beach and Jiuqiao Stone in the south of Longmen, which eliminated the pain and danger for boatmen in the past, so that they no longer had to "freeze in water in cold months and smell it at night". The poet wrote two poems for this purpose. One of them said, "Seventy-three Weng died at dusk and vowed to take a dangerous road to Tianjin. At night, the boat crosses here without tilting, and the shin is free from suffering. Ten miles from the beach to the river, cold and gloomy prison until spring. Although my heart is long, I secretly pity future generations. "