A composition introducing the history, Jiahu culture and legends of Wuyang County.

According to the results of archaeological excavation and research, the Yangtze River basin and its south area began to enter the stage of agricultural civilization around 20 thousand years, and rice began to be civilized around 20 thousand years, represented by Yuchanyan site in Hunan Province. The Yellow River basin and its north have entered the stage of agricultural civilization for ten thousand years, with Wuyang site in Jia Hu, Henan Province as the representative, and the rice cultivation culture is nearly 9,000 years ago. The Mediterranean basin entered the stage of agricultural civilization about 6000 ~ 8000 years ago, represented by the ancient Sumerian civilization in the two river basins and the ancient Egyptian civilization in the Nile basin. Other parts of the world entered farming civilization relatively late. At present, it is a historical cliche and a work of western centralism to incorporate all the agricultural civilization sites found in the Yangtze River valley in China into the early Neolithic sites. Whether a place has entered a large-scale agricultural civilization is an important symbol to judge whether it has entered a civilized stage. More than ten thousand years of farming civilization is distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its south, but no similar civilization has been found in the Yellow River basin and its north and other parts of the world, which highlights the leading role of the birthplace of human civilization, which is an important historical fact of the development of human civilization. These tens of thousands of years of agricultural civilization mainly include Yuchanyan in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, Mazhu Village in Linli County, Wannian Fairy Cave and Douhuan in Jiangxi Province, Niulan Cave in Yingde, Guangdong Province, Maopi Rock in Guilin, Shangshan Site in Zhejiang Province, Dingsi Mountain in Yongning, Guangxi Province, Shenxian Cave Site in Lishui, Jiangsu Province, and other Neolithic sites in the north for tens of thousands of years, but few of them show obvious characteristics of agricultural civilization. Nanzhuangtou in Xu Shui, Hebei, Yujiagou in Yangyuan, Hebei, Renlin Village in Donghu, Beijing, Huannian in Huairou, Beijing, Persimmon Beach in Jixian, Shanxi and other sites can be regarded as representatives of Neolithic sites. The crux of the problem is that the Neolithic sites in the Yellow River basin and its north and other parts of the world have not yet entered the stage of agricultural civilization. From the actual geographical position, the rice composition of Jia Hu in Wuyang, Henan Province 9000 years ago in the Yellow River basin still belongs to the Huaihe branch of the Yangtze River basin, which is essentially the rice composition developed northward in the Yangtze River basin. The discovery of a large number of millet in the Cishan site in Hebei Province can truly represent the earliest upper limit of farming civilization in the Yellow River basin, 7000 years ago.

Yuchanyan, Daoxian County, Hunan Province: 225 ~ 18500 years ago, the earliest site of agricultural civilization discovered by human beings, including the earliest cultivated rice, pottery and artificial woven fabrics. The original piece of Yuchanyan pottery is dark brown, low temperature, loose in texture and nearly 2 cm thick. The interior and exterior are decorated with charcoal and coarse sand, which looks like a rope pattern, but there are clear warp knitting and weft knitting, which opens a precedent for charcoal-sandwiched pottery, plastic sticking, interior and exterior decoration and knitting technology. The weaving impression of Yuchanyan shows that Yuchanyan people have invented weaving technology. On this basis, they invented the bird-catching net, which opened up the train of thought. The terrain in front of the cave is flat and open, suitable for human habitation and reproduction. There are many early sites similar to Yuchan Rock nearby, and there are also triangular rock relics nearby. It can be seen that the origin of human civilization in the Yangtze River basin is by no means isolated and accidental, but endless. ?

Site of Xianren Cave and Diaotonghuan in Jiangxi Province: The age is 25438+05000 years ago at the end of Paleolithic Age and 14+09000 years ago at the beginning of Neolithic Age. The two sites are about 800 meters apart, of which the Douhuan site should be a temporary camp and slaughterhouse for the residents of Xianren Cave to hunt. The unearthed cultural relics include 625 stone tools, 3 18 bones, 26 perforated mussels, 5 16 fragments of primitive pottery, more than 20 human bones and tens of thousands of animal bone fragments. It is found that there are silica samples of rice plants cultivated 1.2 ~ 1.4 million years ago.

Niulan Cave Site in Yingde, Guangdong Province: 12000 ~ 8000 years ago, located at the southern foot of Shishi Mountain in the southeast of Yunling Town, yingde city. The rice siliceous body discovered this time is the earliest rice remains seen in Lingnan area so far, which advances the age of rice remains in Lingnan area to about 6.5438 0.2 million years ago. The surface of the pottery is decorated with thick rope patterns, without weaving marks, and the inner wall is smeared, and the inside and outside are brown, with a thickness of 1. 10 ~ 2 cm. It contains carbon in the early stage and no carbon in the later stage, only containing sand, and its texture is unknown.

Bamboo Piyan Site in Guilin, Guangxi: From10.2 million years ago to 7000 years ago, tens of thousands of pieces of pinched pottery were unearthed. Some experts believe that the origin of pottery is related to local people cooking snails with pottery. According to the determination of unearthed human bones, the average height of men in Guilin at that time was 1.65 meters, and that of women was 1.56 meters. Their heads are oval, their nasal bones are low, and their front teeth are shovel-shaped, which is very similar to modern Zhuang people and Southeast Asians. They sew clothes with bone needles, hemp and animal skins, use animal teeth and clam shells as decorations, and dye tattoos with hematite powder, which is full of "wild beauty". However, after breeding here for 5000 years, the ancient Guilin people finally gave up this habitat. More than 7000 years ago, the earth's climate entered a warm and humid period, and the Zambian rock, which was only 1 m above the ground, became wet and watery. The ancestors here walked out of the cave and went to the plain, using trees and bamboo poles to build dry fence houses suitable for humid weather in the south.

Shangshan Site in Pujiang, Zhejiang Province: A site of tens of thousands of years of rice farming civilization discovered in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A large number of carbon-containing pottery pieces unearthed about 65438+100000 years ago proved the directionality of rice farming civilization spreading from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Site of Siding Mountain in Yongning County, Guangxi: Representing1the development sequence of prehistoric culture in Lingnan area from 0000 to 6000 years ago. The pottery unearthed about 10000 years ago has a complete shape, with more than 20 pieces, which is unprecedented in the prehistoric archaeological history of Guangxi, providing many conveniences for studying the prehistoric civilization in southern China. There are more than 65,438+000 tombs dating from 8,000 to 7,000 years ago. Among more than 400 ancient human remains unearthed in Beiqiu, Dingsi Mountain, 1/3 was dismembered and buried. The form of southern pillar architecture in ruins.

In Nanning, Guangxi, the density of Neolithic sites is very amazing, which is equivalent to the sites in the middle or early Neolithic period: Tianwo site, Nabeizui site, Niulanshi site, qinglong river site, Changtang site, Shitou site, Lingwupo site, Nanshepo site, Dingsishan site, Huiyaotian site, Changjiang Ridge site, Baozitou site, Longjing site and Qingshan site. Tianwo Site is located on the "Luosi Mountain" platform on the south bank of Yongjiang River, about 2.5 kilometers east of Tianwo Village, Changtang Township, Yongning County. Nabeizui site is located on a platform called "Nabeizui" on the north bank of Yongjiang River, about 2 kilometers south of Liling Nawo Village in Yongning County. Niulanshi site is located on a platform called Niulanshi on the north bank of Yongjiang River about 300 meters southwest of Suwupo, Changtang Township, Yongning County. Qinglong river Site is located on the platform on both sides of Qinglong River estuary about 1 km northwest of Dingxi Village, Changtang Township, Yongning County. Changtang Site is located on a platform called "Luosi Mountain" east of Changtang Railway Station on the north bank of Yongjiang River in Changtang Township, Yongning County. Stone Bow Site is located on a platform named "Stone Bow" on both sides of Yongjiang River about 3.5 kilometers north of Huangna Village, Liangqing Township, Yongning County. Lingwupo site is located on the platform on the north bank of Yongjiang River, about 50 kilometers south of Lingwupo in Wuhe Village, Changtang Township, Yongning County. Nanshepo site is located on the platform on the north bank of Yongjiang River, about 1 km southwest of Nanshepo, Li Ling Township Office, Yongning County. The site of Huiyaotian is located on the platform of the north bank of the Yongjiang River downstream of Huiyaotianling Garden in the southeast of Nanning. The site of the Yangtze Ridge is located on the platform on the north bank of Yongjiang River about 2 kilometers southeast of Nanning. Baozitou Site is located on the north bank platform at the turning point of Yongjiang River, about 2km southwest of Na Ba Village, Liusha Garden in the southeast of Nanning. Longjing Site is located on a platform called Longjing on the north bank of Yongjiang River, about 2 kilometers north of Laokou Street in the northwest of Nanning. Qingshan site is located on the platform on the east bank of Yongjiang River at the foot of Qingshan Garden in Nanning. Dingsi Mountain Site is located on Dingsi Mountain, about 1 km northeast of Jiuwanpo Natural Village, Pumiao Town, Yongning County. /kloc-discovered in 0/994, fully excavated from 1997 to 1999, with an excavation area of 1050 m2, and more than 300 tombs were found. The study also found that the architectural relics of Zhudong were reasonably laid out, and it was the Neolithic Beiqiu with the largest excavated area, the best preserved and the richest cultural connotation in Guangxi.

In the book History of Witchcraft in China, Mr. He summarized in detail the record of agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River valley leading the world: it was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest building technology in the world (Linli 18000 years ago, Mazhu Village's "high-table civil building" technology); China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest pipeline construction technology (arch sealed pipeline in Mazhu Village). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest textile technology in the world (the plant fiber weaving technology of Yuchanyan site in Daoxian county 2000 years ago); China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest pottery-making technology (jade toad eater). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest agricultural science and technology in the world (artificial rice cultivation technology in Yuchanyan).

China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest worship of plant spirit (Yuchanyan's "rubbing grass" pottery); It was the people of China in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest plastic-bonded pottery technology (Yuchanyan pottery technology). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the earliest carving technology in the world (the carving technology of Pengtoushan civilization). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest polishing technology (exquisite ornaments of Pengtoushan civilization); It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who cultivated the world's first paddy field (the paddy field of Pengtou Mountain civilization); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who dug the world's first ditch to irrigate rice fields (the ditch of Pengtou Mountain civilization); It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who first ate the "old and immortal" rice (Pengtou Mountain Rice Composition Ming); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest concept of Yin and Yang in the world (Yin and Yang Cave of Pottery in Pengtou Mountain). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest Vulcan worship in the world (the Vulcan entrance and exit tunnel on the pottery of Pengtou Mountain); It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest sun and moon worship in the world (Pengtou Mountain Sun and Moon Pottery). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest worship of gods in the world (the humanoid stone and bird-shaped stone in Pengtoushan site); It is the China people in the Yangtze River valley who spread the rice culture to the whole world (from Yuchanyan to the rice culture all over the world). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest rural life in the world (Pengtoushan cultural group in the two lakes plain). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the earliest hieroglyphics in the world (Pengtoushan civilization 9000 years ago). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest technology for manufacturing double sailboats (the Gaomiao civilization of nearly 8000 years). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest technology for manufacturing catamarans (Gaomiao civilization). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the earliest agricultural gods in the world (Gaomiao, Songxikou and Zhengxikou civilizations). The people of China in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest farming sacrifice (Gaomiao civilization). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest ceramic painting technology in the world (Zhu Cai pottery with high temple civilization); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest high-rise building technology in the world (high temple six-story tower building technology); It was the people of China in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest phoenix worship in the world (the fire phoenix pattern on the pottery pattern of Gaomiao); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest local round sky theory (the local round sky map on the pottery pattern of Gaomiao Temple); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who founded the earliest silk weaving technology in the world (Hemudu civilization in Jiangsu and Zhejiang). China people in the Yangtze River valley created the earliest lacquer-making technology in the world (Hemudu civilization in Jiangsu and Zhejiang). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest garden technology in the world (bonsai technology in Hemudu and Jiangsu and Zhejiang). China people in the Yangtze River valley first learned fair trade (Chengtoushan civilization in Dongting Lake 6000 years ago). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who founded the earliest shipping industry in the world (the sailing boat with rudder in Chengtou Mountain); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest urban construction technology in the world (Chengtoushan Ancient Shopping Mall). It is the China people in the Yangtze River valley who first let mankind enjoy the peaceful city life (Chengtoushan civilization). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who built the world's first city street (Chengtoushan civilization). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who built the world's earliest road-building technology (five-meter-wide pebble road in Chengtou Mountain). China people in the Yangtze River valley built the world's earliest artificial canal (the moat from Chengtou Mountain to Dongting Lake). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest bridge-building technology in the world (Damu Bridge in Chengtoushan Ancient City). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who founded the first batch of manual workshops of commercial pottery in the world (Chengtoushan civilization). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who built the earliest trading ports in the world (Chengtoushan Wharf and zhina Bay in the pre-Qin period). Australian kangaroos and Antarctic penguins were first discovered by China people in the Yangtze River valley (Shijiahe civilization in Hubei province 5000 years ago). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest chemical technology in the world (the Dansha of the Southwestern Pu people); It was the people of China in the Yangtze River valley who created the most exquisite bronze art in the world (the Shang Dynasty sheep statue unearthed in Changsha). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest cutting-edge technology of copper casting by lost wax method (Shangsi Yangzun in Changsha); China people in the Yangtze River valley created the most perfect monetary system in the world (the gold, silver and copper monetary system of Chu). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who popularized the earliest measuring tools in the world, such as scales, weights and calculations (Yuanling Chunqiu Tomb). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest arithmetic "Nine Songs" (the site of the Warring States Period in Liye, Hunan). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest steelmaking technology in the world (steel sword in Changsha Spring and Autumn Tomb); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world's earliest white cast iron technology (iron tripod in Changsha Spring and Autumn Tomb); It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the earliest casting technology of iron farm tools in the world (iron hoe in the notch of Changsha Spring and Autumn Tomb); China people in the Yangtze River valley created the world's earliest colorful silk painting (the two lakes plain in the Spring and Autumn Period). It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who opened up the earliest "Maritime Silk Road" (the land and sea passage in the southwest); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who opened up the earliest "Maritime Ceramics Road" (the land and sea passage in the southwest); It was the China people in the Yangtze River valley who opened up the earliest "sea tea ceremony" (the land and sea passage in the southwest); China people in the Yangtze River valley wrote the world's earliest tourist guide (tomb of Yanghou, Hanwu, Yuanling). It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who compiled the world's earliest "Gourmet Spectrum" (the tomb of Yanghou, Hanwu, Yuanling); It was China people in the Yangtze River valley who created the world-famous "Four Great Inventions" (in various periods) ... too many, too numerous to mention.