Earthquake common sense

Emergency preparedness for imminent earthquake

In areas where the imminent prediction of destructive earthquakes has been released, the following emergency work should be done:

1. Prepare emergency items in case of earthquake. After the earthquake, the production and supply of food, medicine and other necessities will be affected. Water towers and water pipes are often damaged by earthquakes, resulting in the interruption of water supply. In order to overcome the initial difficulties after the earthquake, society and families should prepare a certain amount of food, water and daily necessities before the earthquake to solve the urgent needs.

2. It is also an important issue to build a shelter for the coming earthquake. The house was damaged by the earthquake and needed a place to live; Aftershocks keep coming, so there should be a hiding place. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily build a shockproof shed that is shockproof, fireproof, cold-proof and rain-proof. All kinds of tents can be used, and the small round barn for storing grain in rural areas is also a good earthquake-resistant house.

3. Delineate evacuation places and transport dangerous goods: the city is densely populated, and it is difficult for people to evacuate from the earthquake. In order to ensure the safety of people during the earthquake, people should be allocated according to streets and districts before the earthquake, and evacuation routes and places nearby should be delineated. Before the earthquake, inflammable, explosive and toxic substances should be transported to the city for storage in time.

4. Set up an emergency center for the wounded in a place with strong earthquake resistance in the city, or set up an emergency center outside the city, and prepare beds, medical equipment, lighting equipment and medicines.

5. Suspension of public activities After receiving the official notice of the impending earthquake prediction, all kinds of public places should suspend their activities and the audience or customers should evacuate in an orderly manner; Primary and secondary schools can temporarily attend classes outdoors; The station pier can wait in the open air.

6. Organize personnel to evacuate and transfer important property. If you get a formal warning or notice of impending earthquake, you should quickly and orderly mobilize and organize the masses to evacuate the house. Seriously ill patients who are being treated should be moved to a safe place. For a few people with mental paralysis, they should also be mobilized to safety. Large livestock, tractors and other means of production in rural areas should be properly transferred to safety before the earthquake, and vehicles of government agencies, enterprises and institutions should leave the garage and park in an open place in order to play a role in earthquake relief.

7. Prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters. Serious secondary disasters may occur when earthquakes occur in cities, especially in chemical plants, gas plants and other units prone to earthquake secondary disasters. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment management and assign special personnel to stand guard and be on duty day and night.

8. Ensure the security of confidential departments. There are many confidential departments and banks in the city. During the earthquake, security precautions should be strengthened to prevent the loss of state-owned assets and the disclosure of secrets. The vehicles of the fire brigade must be out of the warehouse, and the firemen should be ready to go, so as to put out the fire in time and reduce economic losses.

9. Organize rescue teams and arrange production reasonably. Before the earthquake, governments at all levels should organize rescue and relief teams (rescue, medical care, fire protection, water supply, power supply, communication, etc.). ) On the spot. When necessary, some factories should suspend production or run at low load under the unified instruction of the earthquake prevention headquarters.

10. Be prepared for earthquake prevention at home. Residents in areas where earthquake prediction has been issued must make good preparations for earthquake prevention at home, make a good plan for earthquake prevention at home, and promptly investigate and eliminate hidden dangers that are not conducive to earthquake prevention at home. (1) Inspection and reinforcement of houses. Buildings that are not conducive to earthquake resistance should be reinforced, and dangerous buildings that are not suitable for reinforcement should be evacuated. Heavy house decorations, such as parapets and high doors, should be removed. ⑵ Place furniture and articles reasonably, fix tall furniture to prevent people from dumping, and take shelter under solid furniture during the earthquake; Furniture items should be placed "above the bottom", and the hanging objects on the wall should be taken down and put in a fixed position to prevent people from falling; Clean up the sundries and keep the doorway and corridor clear; Balcony parapet should be cleaned, flowerpots and sundries should be removed; Flammable, explosive and toxic substances should be placed in a safe place; (3) Prepare necessary shockproof articles. Prepare a family shockproof bag, including food, water, emergency lights, simple medicines, ropes, radios, etc. , and put it anywhere for easy access. (4) Conduct family earthquake drills, emergency evacuation drills and "one-minute emergency avoidance" drills.

Edit the prediction of this earthquake.

Earthquakes, like wind and rain, are natural phenomena. There are precursors before coming, especially strong earthquakes, which always cause various physical and chemical changes underground and above ground in the process of gestation, providing people with information. As long as people carefully observe and master the law of earthquake precursors, earthquake prediction will come true one day. In earthquake prediction, seismologists in China have made gratifying achievements. 1On February 4th, 975, China Haicheng earthquake with magnitude 7.3 was successfully predicted, which was the first successful earthquake prediction in human history. Subsequently, the1May 29th, 976 Longling earthquake in Yunnan and the1August 6th and August 29th, 976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquakes in Sichuan were successfully predicted. In the last ten years, there have been several good earthquake predictions. Successful earthquake prediction not only greatly reduces casualties, but also has obvious economic and social benefits. These earthquake examples show that earthquakes are precursors and can be predicted and prevented. In the period before the earthquake, there will always be some abnormal changes near the earthquake zone. Such as the change, sudden rise, sudden drop or bad taste, turbidity, ringing and bubbling of groundwater. Meteorological changes, such as sudden cold weather, sudden heat, drought and flood, electromagnetic field changes, abnormal reactions of animals and plants before earthquakes, etc. Through the comprehensive study of these reactions, coupled with the processing and analysis of observation data by professional departments from the aspects of earthquake mechanism, seismogeology, geophysics, geochemistry, biological changes, celestial influence and meteorological anomalies, the time, place and magnitude of earthquakes can be predicted. For example, 1975' s successful prediction of Haicheng M = 7.3 earthquake is an example. However, due to the complexity of the causes of earthquakes and the suddenness of earthquakes, as well as the limited scientific level of people at present, earthquake prediction is still a worldwide problem, and there are no reliable methods and means to accurately predict all destructive earthquakes in the world. Therefore, seismologists and experts all over the world are trying to explore. However, earthquake prediction is one of the difficult problems in contemporary science, and it is still in the semi-empirical and semi-theoretical stage. Several earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above that occur on land every year in the world and some moderate earthquakes that occur in China in recent years, especially the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 of 1976, failed to make short-term and imminent predictions. These earthquakes have brought great disasters to mankind. Therefore, earthquake prediction needs the cooperation of scientists all over the world, the attention of the whole society, and the efforts of generations of seismologists before it can be finally overcome in theory. Provisions on Issuing Earthquake Prediction Earthquake prediction is generally issued by the provincial people's government. In case of emergency, the people's government of the city or county can issue an impending earthquake warning within 48 hours and report to the superior at the same time. The earthquake prediction in Beijing was put forward by the State Seismological Bureau, approved by the State Council, and released to the public by the Beijing Municipal People's Government. No other unit or individual has the right to publish earthquake prediction news. The level of earthquake prediction in China The current level of earthquake prediction in China can be roughly summarized as follows: We know the principle and law of earthquake preparation, but we have not fully understood it; We can predict some types of earthquakes to some extent, but we can't predict all earthquakes. The medium-and long-term predictions we have made on a large time scale have certain credibility, but the success rate of short-term and imminent earthquake predictions is still relatively low. Due to the state's attention and clear tasks, China's earthquake prediction has been in the advanced ranks in the world through the efforts of a generation. During the active period of the fourth earthquake, it successfully made short-term and imminent predictions for several major earthquakes such as Haicheng, so it was judged by UNESCO as the only country that made successful short-term and imminent predictions for earthquakes and went down in history. However, from a global perspective, earthquake prediction is still in the exploratory stage, and the law of earthquake preparation and development has not been fully grasped. Our prediction is mainly based on observation data and earthquake cases accumulated for many years. Therefore, it is inevitable that the zone has great limitations. Therefore, Article 16 of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law stipulates that the state shall implement a unified release system for earthquake prediction. Short-term earthquake prediction and imminent earthquake prediction shall be issued by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State Council. The opinions of units or professionals engaged in earthquake work on short-term earthquake prediction or imminent earthquake prediction shall be reported to the competent administrative department for earthquake in the State Council or the department or institution in charge of earthquake work of the local people's government at or above the county level for handling in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and shall not be spread to the society without authorization. In China, the right to issue earthquake predictions belongs to the government. No administrative unit, research unit, observation station, scientist or individual to which the earthquake system belongs has the right to publish news about earthquake prediction.