Where is Jiangjin pepper?

Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a geographical indication protection product. Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a geographical indication certification trademark. Jiangjin pepper is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a specialty of Jiangjin, Chongqing, and a symbolic product of chinese national geography. Jiangjin city has a long history of planting pepper and has excellent geographical and climatic conditions. Zanthoxylum bungeanum produced in Jiangjin City is rich in various trace elements and has a high oil yield. It is not only an excellent condiment, but also a variety of valuable chemical raw materials after processing. Our products are very popular in both domestic and international markets in China.

Jiangjin, Chongqing is a famous "hometown of Zanthoxylum bungeanum" in China, which has a tradition of planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum since ancient times. As early as the Yuan Dynasty in14th century, Zanthoxylum bungeanum was planted. Jiangjin pepper was famous in all directions hundreds of years ago. A Dutch merchant ship that sank more than 300 years ago was salvaged off the coast of Mauritius, and a bucket of pepper was found, which still exudes fragrance, and the words "Bashu Jiangzhou Prefecture" can be faintly seen on the bucket. .

Origin environment

Jiangjin city is surrounded by high mountains, and the territory is hilly, with hills and low mountains as the main landforms. Here are more pictures of 1 Jiangjin pepper farmers harvesting peppers.

It's rainy and foggy, and the air is humid. Jiangjin people like to eat Sichuan food. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an essential condiment. Zanthoxylum bungeanum also has the medicinal functions of dehumidifying, expelling wind and dispelling cold. In order to prevent rheumatism, Jiangjin people have a special liking for pepper. At the same time, abundant sunshine, suitable temperature, abundant rainfall and its seasonal and monthly distribution provide unique climatic conditions for the growth of pepper. .

Production status

Since 1990s, Jiangjin City has been developing pepper on a large scale. In order to make pepper into a big industry, Chongqing Simianshan Pepper Company and Pepper Research Institute were established in Jiangjin in 200 1 year. Relying on science and technology, the fruit-bearing period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been shortened by half. Comprehensive research on the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in food seasoning, daily chemical, essence and fragrance, medical care and other fields has made the deep processing project of Zanthoxylum bungeanum included in China's national 863 plan twice. They also developed a series of new products of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, among which six items, such as Zanthoxylum bungeanum essence and microencapsulated Zanthoxylum bungeanum powder, won national patents, filling the gap of similar products in China; Three new products, such as fresh-keeping pepper and pepper essential oil, have won high-tech products, key new products and brand-name products in Chongqing. In terms of rapid detection of pepper, Jiangjin pioneered the technology of accurately determining the content of pepper in a short time in China, which has been applied to fast and convenient food industries such as instant noodles. The essential oil extracted from Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum "has a unique aroma and a refreshing and pleasant feeling". L 'Oré al Group, a French cosmetics giant, has incorporated Jiangjin Zanthoxylum into its global procurement system, and Jiangjin Zanthoxylum has become the first cosmetic raw material in China to enter L 'Oré al Group. The downstream industrial demand directly stimulated the upstream pepper planting. Farmers' enthusiasm for planting peppers has been greatly improved, and the planting area of peppers in Jiangjin has expanded rapidly. In 2007, the area's pepper planting scale reached 500,000 mu, accounting for 62% of Chongqing's 807,000 mu, which was 240,000 mu in Hancheng, Shaanxi and 0.08 times and 2.33 times of/kloc-0.5 million mu in Laiwu, Shandong respectively, making it the largest green pepper base in China. 20 1 1, the output of fresh pepper reached 65.438+0.5 million tons, and the sales income was 65.438+0.23 billion yuan, which was equivalent to the sum of regional fiscal revenue. Ranked among the top three flowers in China Figure 2 Zanthoxylum bungeanum supercritical carbon dioxide extraction production line

Pepper bases (Jiangjin, Chongqing, Hancheng, Shaanxi, Laiwu, Shandong) rank first, and Jiangjin "Jiujulia" pepper ranks among the four major pepper varieties in China (Jiangjin Jiujulia, Hanyuan Gongjiao, Hancheng Dahongpao, Yunnan Dahongpao), and the annual growth rate is 6,667 hectares. Chongqing Simianshan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Development Co., Ltd. adopted the development model of "company+association+base+farmer", and built a standardized export production demonstration base of about 667 hectares and a green production base of more than 3,330 hectares, which became the "National Forestry Standardized Planting Demonstration Project" of China State Forestry Administration. The extension of Jiangjin pepper industry chain and the increase of added value make pepper become the pillar industry of Jiangjin agricultural economy, and also bring huge benefits to pepper farmers. 33,000 hectares of peppers produce 6.5438+0.3 million tons of fresh peppers every year, and the income can reach 794 million yuan, which can drive the per capita income of more than 600,000 pepper farmers to increase above 700 yuan. From June, 5438 to February, 2004, the third batch of "Hometown of China Famous and Excellent Economic Forests" named by the State Forestry Administration was announced, and Jiangjin City was famous on the list and won the title of "Hometown of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in China". In August, 2005, Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum was protected by national geographical indication products because of its unique geographical origin and quality characteristics.

According to the Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indications Products, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized a review of the application for the protection of geographical indications products of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Jiangjin City. After passing the examination, it was decided to implement geographical indication product protection for Jiangjin Zanthoxylum from June 65438+10/October 65438+July 65438, 2005).

Protected domain

The scope of protection of geographical indication products of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is subject to the scope proposed in the Request of Jiangjin People of Chongqing Municipality on the Protection of Products of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum Origin (Jiangjin Wenfu [2004]1kloc-0/7), which is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of Jiangjin City of Chongqing.

territorial scope

Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is produced in Baisha, Luohuang, shima town, Lishi, Youxi, Xianfeng, Caijia, Berlin, Xihu, Shimen, Shuang Fu, Yongxing, Longhua, Wutan, Jiasi, Dushi, Zhuyang, Ciyun, Zhongshan, Jiaping, Xiaba and Guangtan. Jiangjin district is adjacent to Qijiang County and Banan District in the east; Yongchuan District and Hejiang County of Guizhou Province in the west; Xishui County, southern Guizhou Province; Northern Bishan County. It is 83 kilometers from east to west, north to south 100 kilometers, covering an area of 3202 square kilometers. Its geographical coordinates are between east longitude 105 49- 106 38 _ north latitude 28 28 _-29 28 _ The lowest elevation in the whole region is 178.5m, and the highest elevation is1709.4m.. The best planting areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Jiangjin are Cai Jia, Jiaping, Xianfeng, Lishi, Ciyun, Baisha, Shimen, Wutan, Zhuyang, Jiasi and Dushi.

Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors

(1) Soil landform: jiangjin district soil is divided into four categories (paddy soil, alluvial soil, purple soil and yellow loam), seven subcategories (alluvial paddy soil, purple paddy soil, yellow loam, river alluvial soil, brown-purple soil, yellow loam and red-purple soil), 22 soil genera and 72 soil species, with 65,438 species. There are 1 subclass and 7 soil genera in forest soil. The pH value of the soil is 6.5-8. The soil fertility is moderate,

The soil is shallow, mainly neutral and slightly acidic. Organic matter content is 1.48%, ranging from 0.9 15-5.369%. The territory is surrounded by mountains and the hills are undulating, with hills and low mountains as the main landforms. Geological structure is the transition zone between "East Sichuan Fold" and "South Sichuan-North Guizhou Structural Belt", and its structural features are affected by it, and its axis is twisted in an "S" shape.

(2) Hydrological situation: There are 38 Daxi rivers in jiangjin district, with a drainage area of about 2,000 square kilometers, including the Yangtze River, Qihe River, Tanghe River, Binan River, etc. It has a rainwater collection area of more than 1 000 square kilometers, and the rainwater collection areas of Zhuyang River and Lvhe River are more than 200 square kilometers, all of which are perennial rivers. The water quality is clear and pure, which is the ideal water for industrial and agricultural production and life.

(3) Climate: jiangjin district has obvious monsoon, four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rainfall, unstable warming in early spring, rainy and fast cooling in autumn, little rain in winter and dry in spring, which is prone to droughts and floods. And the vertical difference between north and south is very big. The annual average temperature 18.2℃, and the average temperature 10 in April-June in rose season is higher than the annual average. The average temperature in summer is relatively high, with little change, all of which remain above 25℃, and the average maximum temperature in summer and August in some areas reaches 33.9℃. The average minimum temperature in winter in 65438+ 10 is 5.4℃, and the average temperature in spring and autumn is almost the same, slightly higher than the annual average. The annual average solar radiation is 36 1.9 kJ /cm2, with the highest in August and the lowest in 65438+February. Sunshine hours: annual average 1, 207.9 hours, the longest 1, 628.8 hours, and the smallest 95 1.7 hours. The maximum in August is 2 1.7 hours, and the minimum in June is 1.8 hours. The annual average rainfall 1034.7mm, the rainfall in May-June in summer and autumn is 802.8mm, accounting for 78% of the whole year, and the average rainfall in winter and spring is 62.2mm, accounting for 6% of the whole year. According to the change of four seasons, summer accounts for 43% of the whole year, and winter accounts for 6% and 7%. Only 17.8 mm, the average annual rainfall days 156 days, maximum 180 days, minimum 130 days.

(4) Human history: Jiangjin civilization has a long history, belonging to Liangzhou in Gong Yu, Bazhiguo in Zhou and Ba County in Qin. As early as 5,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, early human civilization flourished here. At present, 603 fixed cultural relics have been found, with rich cultural heritage. Jiangjin is known as the "hometown of peppers", and it has been more than 600 years since the Yuan Dynasty when Jiangjin peppers were planted. In order to make the pepper industry in Jiangjin bigger and stronger, the district committee and government have set clear development goals, broken through the mode of "household management", and actively promoted "company+scientific research+association+specialty" with the focus on "grasping large households, establishing associations and bringing retail investors".

Industry cooperatives+owners farmers "mode of operation, the establishment of pepper association service industry, strict implementation of Jiangjin.

The management system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum production base has continuously improved the production management level of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Jiangjin, and the effect of increasing farmers' income and earning foreign exchange through export is remarkable.

Production technical requirements

(1) Selection of producing areas: 27 towns and neighborhood committees in China are selected, and the environmental quality of producing areas must meet the requirements of Environmental Technical Conditions for Producing Areas of Green Food (NT/39 1-2000).

(2) Variety screening: 9 Julia pepper varieties with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield, good commodity and high yield were screened out.

(3) Production process management: Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum production process must be operated in strict accordance with Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum production operation procedures. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process must comply with the Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides in Green Food (NT/393-2000) and the Guidelines for the Use of Fertilizers in Green Food (NT/394-2000). In order to ensure the quality characteristics of Jiangjin pepper, we should pay special attention to the following links: a. Field management during pepper growth period. ① Timely transplanting: select robust Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings, the height of which is generally less than 30cm, and plant them in autumn or spring every year, with the planting specification of 3× 2m, planting 1 10 plants per mu, and thoroughly watering the roots after planting. (2) Irrigation: check the survival situation after planting for one week, and replant in time if there are holes. If the soil is dry and the shoots wilt, it should be irrigated in time, and it is advisable to soak the soil around the root system. (3) Fixing the stem: after the plant survives, keep the trunk 50-60 cm, cut off the upper part, keep the full buds cut off, and at the same time cut off the side branches on the stem within 30 cm from the ground. (4) Fertilization: after the seedlings survive, fertilize before the flower test results come out. In order to promote the growth of trees, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be coordinated, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly biased. Generally, it is applied three times a year, in the first half of February, the second half of May and the second half of July. Apply a proper amount of farm manure, such as light livestock manure, 2-3 kg per plant or 20 g of pepper formula fertilizer (the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 50%) each time, and apply all kinds of fertilizers into the nest 20-30 cm away from the foot of pepper trees. First, ditch or dig. The results of fertilization test after anthesis were as follows

With the growth of trees, gradually increase the amount of fertilization, properly emphasize the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and add calcium fertilizer. Generally, fertilizer is applied three times a year, in the first half of February, the first half of May and after harvest (the second half of July). In the first two times, apply special fertilizer for pepper100-200g per plant (increase or decrease according to the size of the tree within this range), and in the next time, apply special fertilizer for pepper150-250g per plant. Among them, early February and harvest

The last two fertilization should also be combined with the application of appropriate organic fertilizer, such as 3-4 kg of livestock manure per plant. each

Apply various fertilizers to the pots around the feet of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 30-40 cm away from the feet of the tree. First, a small ditch or 0,

Cover with soil after fertilization. ⑤ Weeding: Weeding time is usually carried out before fertilization and when pests overwinter (11-65438+February). Manual weeding is generally combined with fertilization. When weeds are born, the soil surface layer is hardened after rain, and artificial weeding before fertilization can achieve the dual effects of loosening soil, retaining water and preventing weeds. Herbicide weeding: chemical herbicides can be used to weed when weeds are seriously growing and labor is tight, and 500ML of 10% glyphosate can be sprayed when dew is still wet in the morning. ⑥ Pruning and shaping: The general requirements for pruning Zanthoxylum bungeanum are: adopting the method of multiple main branches and short cutting to achieve the purposes of clear hierarchy, reasonable arrangement of skeleton branches, uniform distribution of branches, ventilation and light transmission, early fruiting and high yield. There are four types of pruning trees: heart-shaped, cup-shaped, tower-shaped and fan-shaped. B. Adhere to the comprehensive prevention and control technology with prevention as the main factor and biological control as the auxiliary factor: in the production of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, we should first adopt scientific and advanced agronomic measures, biological measures and cultivation and management techniques to eliminate and reduce the source and population base, avoid or reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases, and try not to use drugs and chemical pesticides if possible. Choose to use pesticide varieties with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, strictly control the dosage and safety period, and avoid the influence of pesticide residues on the quality of pepper.

(4) product harvesting: timely harvesting, i.e., harvesting when the chili is eight-ripe, drying the harvested fresh chili peel, removing residual impurities such as seeds, leaves and fruit stalks, and grading and quantitatively packaging, or listing after selection, heating sterilization, cleaning, vacuum packaging and refrigeration.

(5) Requirements for production records: During the whole process of pepper production in Jiangjin, field production files must be established, completely recorded and properly kept for future reference.

Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External sensory characteristics: the maturity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is required to reach about eight maturity; Bright green or yellowish green; Has the inherent taste and smell of fresh pepper, and has no peculiar smell; Keep the original shape of fresh pepper, without broken, moldy and rotten particles; There are no thick branches and leaves, no prickly prickles, a small number of fine branches and leaves and fine pedicels are allowed, and there are no other foreign impurities.

(2) Internal quality index: the volatile oil of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is greater than or equal to 2.5%, and the total ash is less than or equal to.

When 10%, the acid-insoluble ash is less than or equal to 5%, and the miso is more than or equal to 8 mg/g.

(3) Safety requirements: Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum strictly implements the Standard for Spices for Pollution-free Food (NY5323-2006).

Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.

The marking on the sales package of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum shall be implemented according to the provisions of GB77 18- 1994; Packaging materials should comply with food hygiene regulations. After the packaging bag is sealed, there is no leakage or damage.