What are the main reasons for the hot and dry climate in West Asia and North Africa?

The main reason for the hot and dry climate in West Asia and North Africa is that West Asia and North Africa are controlled by subtropical high or trade winds, and the downward flow prevails, and the annual precipitation is scarce, hot and dry, forming a tropical desert climate.

Location of West Asia and North Africa:

(1) Latitude: This area is between 20 N and 40 N, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through its south, mostly in the low latitude area south of 30 N.

(2) Land and sea location: the land of two oceans, three continents and five seas. The two oceans refer to the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The three continents refer to Asia, Africa and Europe. The five seas refer to the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Caspian Sea (actually inland lakes).