Urgent! Urgent! Urgent! On the Life of Tao Yuanming and Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (1084- 1 155), an outstanding female writer in Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Mingshui, Zhangqiu (now Jinan). He is famous for his ci poems, and he is also a poet and poet, enjoying a high reputation in the history of China literature.

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family who loved literature and art. After she married her former student Zhao Mingcheng, she studied epigraphy and calligraphy together and lived a happy and beautiful life. After the change of Jingkang, she and Zhao Mingcheng lost most of their treasures to avoid the chaos in the south of the Yangtze River. Later, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and she wandered alone in Hangzhou, Yuezhou and Jinhua, and spent her old age in misery and loneliness. She has made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose and fu, but ci is the most outstanding and famous one. In his early years, he wrote On Ci, which advocated that "Ci is not one". Pay attention to the characteristics of rhythm, narration and emotion, and criticize the shortcomings of ci writers from Liu Yong and Su Shi to Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian.

The most talented woman, born in a famous family, never forgets anything when she was young, speaks amazingly and reads widely. Qilu's magnificent mountains and rivers contain the creative spirituality of Qingzhao, and she became famous in her girlhood.

After marriage, Qingzhao and her husband fell in love and were inseparable. "A husband is like a good friend." However, the good times did not last long, and the struggle between the old and new parties in North Korea intensified. A pair of mandarin ducks are separated alive, and Zhao Li faces each other across the river, suffering from lovesickness.

Later, the Jin people moved south, and the Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, destroying the Great Wall. Zhao Mingcheng was full of blood, but he died before he could conquer it. What a pity. Witnessing the country's ruin and death, Qing Zhao is "indomitable despite suffering and poverty." In her later years of "searching and looking on coldly", she made great efforts to compile "The Story of the Stone" and completed her husband's unfinished business.

Zhao Qing's words are wonderful, unique, unprecedented and unprecedented. He is honored as the natural and graceful founder and a monument in the history of spiritual civilization in China.

Li Qingzhao's ci can be divided into two periods, one before Du Nan and the other after. Early ci mainly described the theme of hurting spring resentment and boudoir life, which showed the sentimental personality of female ci writers. Such as "Like a Dream" describes the feelings of cherishing spring and loving flowers:

The rain last night dispelled the wind, and a deep sleep did not eliminate the residual wine.

I don't know if the shutter people know that begonia should be green, fat, red and thin.

Another song: Like a Dream

I always remember the sunset in Xiting. Shen Zui didn't know the way home and returned to the boat very late.

Mistaken into the depths of the lotus and started the beach of European herons.

The lyrics she wrote for Zhao Mingcheng's "Going Out" are even more affectionate and unique. For example, Drunken Flowers describes that the poetess feels lonely during the Double Ninth Festival, so she uses yellow flowers as a metaphor to say:

The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, the golden beast is sold in the festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is cool in the middle of the night.

Dongli holds the dark fragrance sleeves of wine. After dusk, the roller blinds are not charming. Westerners are thinner than yellow flowers.

It is novel in conception and elegant in taste, which is not comparable to the first-person narrator of ordinary male writers. Another example is "Dried Plum", which expresses the poet's longing for a letter from her husband:

Flowers drift from one place to another, water flows from one place, a kind of acacia, and two leisure places.

I can't get rid of this situation, but I frown and go to my heart.

Her later poems are full of emotional feelings of "things are wrong", thus expressing her deep attachment to her old country and the past. For example, the first part of Slow Sound shows the poet's hopeless sense of loss and the sad expression of being alone in the "cold and lonely, miserable and miserable" environment. The next film is to move the scene and feel sorry for yourself: "Who can watch the window now?" How can the black phoenix tree grow alone? It rained in Mao Mao until dusk. What is the first sad word this time? " The whole word is clear in language, fast in rhythm and sad in tone. Another famous poem, Yong Yu Le, started from the Lantern Festival and missed the past "the heyday of Zhongzhou". The next piece reads:

In the prosperous days of Zhongzhou, I remember focusing on three or five shops and green crowns.

Twisting Jin Xue willow for Chu, today gaunt wind and frost.

It's better to listen to people laughing under the curtains when you go out at night.

The whole poem reveals deep sorrow for the changes of the country, joy for the past and sorrow for the present. Later, Liu Chenweng, a poet at the end of the Song Dynasty, couldn't help crying for it.

Li Qingzhao's ci has a unique style and is called "Yi 'an Style" by later generations. The main characteristics of Li Ci are: First, she created her own female identity and special experience, created an unprecedented female image with distinctive personality, and expanded the emotional depth and ideological connotation of traditional graceful ci. Second, he is good at extracting vivid and fluent language from written language and daily spoken language; Good at using painting and description techniques to form a seamless realm.

well

I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering.

Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng.

How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.

well

Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine.

Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.

Dianjiangchun

Lonely boudoir, one inch sad and tender. Cherish the spring to go, when to rush the rain.

Leaning against the post is just not in the mood! Where are people? Even it's getting dark, and the way home is broken.

Dianjiangchun

Swing on the swing, too lazy to rub delicate hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe.

Seeing someone coming, socks shoveled away Jin Chai and left in shame. Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei.

Huanxisha

Don't make a cup of dark amber, melt it before you get drunk, you should be late.

The brain is fragrant, the dream is broken, the cold golden bun is loose, and the time and space are red to candlelight.

Huanxisha

In the yard, the idle windows are deep in spring, the heavy curtains are not heavy, and the lyre leans against the floor speechless.

In the distant mountains, the dusk is in a hurry, the wind is blowing and the rain is beating, and the shade is light. Pear blossoms are hard to thank.

The dead Hua Lian often sends music to her sister.

Tears wet Luo Yi powder full, four stacks of sunshine, singing all over Qian Qian. The humanities mountain is long and the water is broken, and the rain is raining and lonely.

Farewell to the injury, never forget to leave, the wine is deep and the wine is shallow, so you can pass the book over the geese, and the east is far from Penglai.

Hua Lian Shang Zhao Si family

Xiao Xi at night, dream of Chang 'an, and recognize Chang 'an Road. In order to report good spring scenery this year, the flowers and the moon should be photographed together.

Although the casual cups and plates are sloppy, the wine is delicious and sour, which makes people pregnant. Don't laugh when you are drunk, the poor are like spring.

A cluster of plum blossoms

Lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building.

Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.

Yujiaao

The sky meets clouds, and the Milky Way wants to turn to Qian Fan dance; It's as if the dream soul belongs to the emperor, and I smell the sky and ask where I belong.

I report that the road is long and there are amazing sentences in learning poetry; 90,000 Li Fengpeng lifts, the wind stops, Pengzhou blows away the three mountains.

Yujiaao

Knowing that spring is coming in the snow, the cold plum is dotted with delicate branches, and the face is half open and charming. In court, Jade Man put on new makeup.

Nature may have done it on purpose, so the moon is taught exquisitely. * * * bounty honor green ant, don't get drunk. This flower is inferior to the flowers in the group.

Subtract Mulan

When you sell flowers, you can buy a spring flower. Tears are lightly dyed evenly, and rosy clouds are exposed.

Afraid lang guessed that a slave's face was not as good as a flower's. The clouds are slanting, and I want to teach Lang Biguan.

Partridge and Ginkgo biloba

Charm is not very graceful, you can be a slave first and then worship oranges. Who pities the Jianghu? Jade bone's ice muscles don't want to wither.

Who taught you to pick a branch? It's too real to be drunk in Ming Di. The layman is really interested in breaking up and wants to sing two new flavors.

Niannujiao Chun Qing

Depressed courtyard, oblique wind and drizzle, heavy doors must be closed. Fondling willow flowers to eat cold food, all kinds of nasty weather.

Writing a poem is a leisurely taste. When you spend too much money, it's hard to get rid of a thousand worries.

It was chilly in the spring for a few days upstairs, and curtains were hung on all sides. The jade fence was dry and careless. Dream Leng Xiang's new dream. Go to sleep and don't be sad.

The morning dew is clear, and the new tung is introduced at the beginning, which is more or less spring! The sky is crisp and the smoke is rolling. Is it sunny today?

Changshoule

Nanchang's birthday, a little cold, looking at the six leaves on the edge of the sun, the first step shows. I love the scenery and want to hang hibiscus, but I can't find the silver arrow.

On this occasion, the pearl on the palm of your hand is cut. For Rongshu, this is a good couple. Up to now, every day is a noble.

Glorious, step by step, forbidden, gold medals and green ribbons. Tang Di became attached to Yin, being a tiger and a bear, and dividing the river is more valuable.

Kuang Qingyun is nearby. He will enter Cheng Ming at dawn and dusk. Look at the colorful clothes, ashamed of jade. I wish you a long life.

Xiangzi

The sky in autumn is not clear, and the chrysanthemum shows that the Double Ninth Festival is coming.

Put on rough clothes and drink unfiltered wine. Every autumn wind and autumn brings cool autumn.

The courtyard at dusk, the feeling of sadness, and the hangover after waking up make the sadness more intense.

How can you stand this long night, when the moon shines on this empty bed? Listening to the distant sound of changing lanes, the long and sharp crickets, and the long-tune sound, I feel that time has passed too slowly.

Fragrant Valentine's Day in China

The grass is singing and the phoenix tree is startled. The earth and the sky are sad.

Yuntai moon and earth, locked a thousand times. You come and I go, don't meet.

I haven't seen you for years, but I want to leave my feelings and don't hate being poor.

Penny Weaver, this is just separation. Sometimes it's sunny, sometimes it rains, sometimes it's windy.

Lonely goose

The paper tent on the rattan bed is sleeping, endless, and there is no good mind.

Shen cigarettes break the jade furnace cold, and I feel like water.

The flute sounded three times, the plum blossom was broken, and the spring was full.

The small wind dispersed the rain and rustled, but it also urged a thousand tears.

Who is heartbroken when the bagpiper goes to Yulou?

A 10% discount is worth a lot of money, and no one gives it.

Reflections on the plum blossom in the pavilion after a charming person

Jade is fragrant, sandalwood is scattered, and I hate visiting Mei this evening.

Jiang Lou Chu Guan, the cloud is far away. On a sunny day forever, leaning against the fence, the green curtain hangs low.

Sitting in front of the statue, the wine is full and the song is broken.

Southern branches can be inserted, but they need to be cut frequently. Don't wait for the west building, do some strong management.

There is a sweet smell around us.

The pavilion hides the spring, the window sells the sun, and the painting hall is infinitely deep. The seal is burnt out, and the shadow falls on the curtain hook.

It is better to plant Jiang Mei by hand, so why go upstairs in the water? No one arrives, lonely as Yangzhou He Xun.

Never like rhyme wins, embarrassing rain, not resistant to wind rubbing. Whose flute blows out deep sadness?

If you don't hate the fragrance, you can't leave the canal to sweep the trace. It's hard to say, the window is bright and the moon is light, and it's still romantic.

There is a sweet smell around us.

The pavilion hides the spring, the window sells the sun, and the painting hall is infinitely deep. The seal is burnt out, and the shadow falls on the curtain hook.

It is better to plant Jiang Mei by hand, so why go upstairs in the water? No one arrives, lonely as Yangzhou He Xun.

Never like rhyme wins, embarrassing rain, not resistant to wind rubbing. Whose flute blows out deep sadness?

If you don't hate the fragrance, you can't leave the canal to sweep the trace. It's hard to say, the window is bright and the moon is light, and it's still romantic.

Memories of oral sex on the phoenix platform

The fragrance is cold and golden. When it turns red, get up and comb your hair. Ren Bao is full of dust, curtain hook.

I am afraid that I will leave my arms, but I don't want to say anything. New arrivals are thin, not dry wine, not sad autumn.

Hugh. If you go back, you can't stay after going to Yangguan for thousands of times. Read Wu Lingren, smoke locks Qin Lou.

Only the running water in front of the building should remember me and stare at me all day. Looking at the place, I have added new worries since then.

Slow voice

Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold.

Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? It's late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.

Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor. Who can pick it now? Looking out the window, how can a person be dark?

Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence!

Qing dynasty was slow.

It is forbidden to keep a low profile, and the carved fence is cleverly protected, so it will monopolize the spring.

The guests were indifferent to China, and everyone was naive.

It took a lot of time to be exposed to the wind and put on new makeup.

Enchanting and gorgeous, jealous of the wind and laughing at the moon, long [bad belt] Dong Jun.

East of the city, south of the city, there is a sun pool hall and a fragrant wheel race.

Who can succeed Chen Fang after the feast?

In a better Ming Palace, the recent branches are evenly distributed, the golden statue is down, and all the candles are put together, regardless of dusk.

Yongyule

The setting sun melts gold, and the clouds merge. Where are people? Dye willow smoke and play plum blossom flute. What do you know about spring?

Is there no wind and rain when the weather is harmonious during the Lantern Festival? Come and meet each other, enjoy the BMW and thank the wine friends for their poems.

Zhongzhou is in its prime, and the boudoir is full of leisure. Remember points three to five. Pave a green crown, draw golden snow willows, and compete with them.

Now I am haggard, windy and frosty, and I dare not go out at night. It's better to listen to people laughing under the curtain.

Li Duo baiyongju

The small building is cold and the night curtain is low.

Hate raining, ruthless wind and rain, night rubbing the muscles.

Unlike, the imperial concubine is drunk, and unlike, Sun Shou is sad.

Han Ling steals incense, and Xu Niang gives fragrance, but Mojiang doesn't write novels. If you look closely, you will find that Qu's charm is just right.

When the breeze rises, the fragrance will be clear and the weight will not decrease.

Autumn is fading, the snow is clear and the jade is thin, which makes people feel infinite nostalgia.

It's like sadness, it's like Han Fu Ci, it's like tears and it's like poetry.

There is a cool breeze in the month, the smoke is dark and the rain is dark, and the heavenly religion is gaunt and thin.

I don't know how long I will stay from now on. Good human feelings, why remember more, Zepan Dongli.

Li Qingzhao, a gifted scholar in Song Dynasty

Li Qingzhao is from Jinan, Shandong. She was born in a noble and scholarly family. Her father, Li, used to be an assistant minister in the official etiquette department, and was a somewhat elegant official. According to the legend of the History of Song Dynasty, Li Ge's lyrics are not refined, his words are lively and his narrative is vivid. He prayed for Tao Yuanming all his life and had a tendency to be born. Unfortunately, his works have been lost, and we have no chance to see them. Qingzhao's mother is Wang's granddaughter, and Wang is the top scholar. It is said that she is very knowledgeable. Therefore, Li Qingzhao's family studies can be said to be very profound.

Her husband, Zhao Mingcheng (Telford), made great efforts in archaeology and became famous all over the world with the book "The Story of the Stone". Zhao Mingcheng's father, Tingzhi Zhao, is a prime minister and a native of Zhucheng. He got married at the age of twenty in the same year as Qingzhao. At that time, Zhao Mingcheng was a student. Although he is the son of the Prime Minister, he is not used to wearing trousers. The happiness of their boudoir is learning knowledge. Ming Cheng's Jin Shi Lu was written by two people who collected stone carvings of Yi artifacts in the pre-Qin and Han and Tang dynasties, and it took a long time. Li Qingzhao wrote a postscript for this book, mainly describing the compilation of the book and indirectly describing the life of the couple. The content is roughly as follows: The husband and wife light candles at work every night, sometimes arrange book signatures, sometimes criticize each other's previous generation of calligraphy and painting, and sometimes join some kind of competition at work. For example, if something happens to a page or even a line of a book, whoever makes a mistake will make tea and offer it. This kind of gambling sometimes tilts the teacup in your arms and changes clothes with a smile. From this interesting boudoir pleasure, it should be easy to see that both of them are extremely intelligent people with similar knowledge.

Li Qingzhao is versatile. She can write words, poetry, writing and drawing. One of her "Pipa Pictures" has been preserved until the Ming Dynasty. No matter how far you go, you have to come back at the critical moment. The Qing Dynasty happened to be in the troubled times of great changes in the south of the Yangtze River. The Northern Song Dynasty was on the verge of doomsday, and the Jin people in the north invaded the south continuously. This is the famous difficulty of Jingkang in history. But the more troubled times, the more women are needed, so it is always troubled times. Li Qingzhao's ci plays a unique role again and again in China. Compared with Emperor Daojun who was infatuated with the famous prostitute Li Shishi at that time, it obviously played an outline role. The couple began to cope with the disaster, trying to let the disaster wash away the vain level of being lucky and seek the inside story of life.

This exile allowed them to cross the river from Shandong to Sunan and Jinling, but it did harm to Zhao Mingcheng's health. He fell ill the year after he arrived in Nanjing. Seeing him clearly, the scenery is different, his eyes are different from the rivers and mountains, and his mood is low. The land under their feet has given them so many strange things and so much painful despair, but they have no intention of resentment. It is that they touch it with warm palms, let it feel the heat of civilization and let it enter the history of culture. After Ming Cheng's death, Qingzhao fell into a tragic predicament. Twenty-nine years of husband and wife, intimate feelings. Looking back on the past, what she regrets in the end are those memories and mourning, the 29 years she spent with Ming Cheng, and the most sad thing for her is the loss of her intimate husband in exile.

In her later years, her life was very miserable, so to speak, she had no fixed place, but Jinhua was the majority. Her grandfather, husband and family are celebrities, and she herself has been praised for a while. However, her old age was still lonely. After Nandu Chen arrived in Shaoxing, he gradually settled down, and everyone had a good time in the beautiful city Lin 'an. At first glance, being in a foreign land is full of strange things, and the original self will become more and more fragile and even assimilated by a foreign land. In fact, things are far from simple. Everything in a foreign land will evoke thoughts of yourself from the opposite side and the side, and the scenery in a foreign land will remind people of the starting point of their lives, so the more they are in a foreign land, the more they will evoke their homesickness. Li Qingzhao began to sing Shuangxi, which was out of step with the dignitaries at that time. Moreover, it was slandered by these people. In this environment, she quietly sang "Wujiang is cold in the south and water is cold in the north." It's touching.

Li Qingzhao was forgotten by the dignitaries in Du Nan, and even the year of her death could not be found in the history books. According to the general inference, she lived about 60 years old. To succeed, a great writer must have three superior conditions: first, he must have rich emotions; Second, we must have fantastic ideals; Third, we must have unique creativity. Because there is no rich emotion, it is tantamount to losing the life of literature; Without fantastic ideals, it is not easy to reach an ethereal and broad realm; No creative ability, just imitating predecessors, never establishing a unique style. Among the poets in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are all kinds of emotions, ideals and creativity, but Su Shi and Qin Guan are unique and self-contained. Secondly, the only person who should be counted is Li Qingzhao.

Tao Yuanming (365-427), alias Mr. Wu Liu, changed his name to Qian in his later years. After his death, relatives and friends celebrated Jingjie privately. Chaisang people in Xunyang (now Jiujiang City) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. Tao Yuanming rarely has the ambition to "escape from the four seas" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). He was filial to Taiyuan for eighteen years (393). With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days. (Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin) After he resigned from his post and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he also declined politely. Andi Longan went to Jingzhou in the fourth year (400 years) and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get as far as Xijing without this." ("Xin Chou left for a night outing in July and returned to Jiangling") has remorse for Huan Xuan. "How can you drown in long-term love?" ("Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From Jingshi to Zhilin") made a deep sigh for the official life of Qu people. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his name to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, he is isolated from the world." Look around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day. "Huan Xuan peanuts, disdain. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song. Tao Yuanming was put into the shogunate after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang. When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he followed the story of Tian Chou's loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, disguised himself as a private traveler, ventured to Jiankang, and took Huan Xuan hostage to Andi to Jiangling, and returned to Emperor Wu of Song, realizing his desire to fight for the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." I am famous for my car, and I want to be famous, too. "Although thousands of miles away, how dare you!" ("Mr. Murong" Chapter 4) After Emperor Wu of Song entered health, his style was quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by the "abolition of all schools". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example", he was banned by force (banned in advance). "Officials at home and abroad are all in awe and change customs." His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. But soon after the curtain rises, Emperor Wu of Song killed Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son in order to cut off the dissidents. And with an affair, Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, was appointed as an important official such as Shangshulu and Yangzhou Secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds will eventually return to the class and live in Lu." Then resign and live in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. After taking office for 8 1 day, I met a post sent by Xunyang County, and the official said, "Welcome him as a leash." He sighed: "I can't bend back to the village for fifty dou meters." He got permission to leave his job. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years are the thirteen years in which he worked hard, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not do as the Romans do.

Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to his hometown, living a life of "self-cultivation and self-financing". His wife, Zhai, shares his interests. She is happy and humble. "The husband plows in front and the wife hoes in the back." * * * Living with the working people is closely related to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine straw houses, the back eaves of Liu Yin and the front of peaches and plums." Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere at home. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" ("Self-Miscellaneous Poems") has always been the population of moxibustion. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first. He said to the guest, "I'm drunk, so I can go." For four years, Yixi lived in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County) and moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village, a hot spring in Xing Zi), making life even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him, and advised him to be an official: "It is not enough to live high under a broken roof. I have been a Shang Tong all my life (right and wrong are not divided), I hope you are muddy (referring to the same stream). " He replied, "I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry." Fiber (enter) can be learned honestly, but it is not a mystery? And * * * enjoy this drink, I can't drive back. "(Drinking) declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of" harmony but difference ". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer, and some friends offered to give him money to help him. Sometimes, he can't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child (you) was born in the civilized world, why should he suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the middle of September in the fourth year of Yuan Jia (427), when he was still conscious, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What if I die?" This shows that he views death so naturally.

Tao Yuanming was the most outstanding poet in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tao poems 125, mostly five-character poems. From the content, it can be divided into three categories: drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems.

Tao Yuanming is the first poet who wrote a lot of drinking poems in the history of China literature. The 20 songs he "drank" were all "intoxicating" or accused the right and wrong of being reversed, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties. Judging from the interest and style of the poem, it may not be a work of the same period. In the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling, killed him the following year, and established the Liu and Song Dynasties. Narrating wine records the process of usurping power in a subtle and tortuous way by metaphor. He expressed infinite sorrow for the downfall of Emperor Jin Gong and the Jin Dynasty. At this time, Tao Yuanming had lived in seclusion for many years and was used to troubled times and usurping power. But this poem still reveals his unforgettable human spirit.

2. Poems chanting for the bosom are represented by 12 miscellaneous poems and 13 reading mountain and sea classics. 12' s miscellaneous poems mostly show their political depression after retirement, and express their noble personality of not drifting with the tide. It can be seen that the poet's heart is infinitely deep and broad. 13 in Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas expresses the same content by reciting the wonders in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. For example, the poem 10, by praising Jing Wei and Xing Tian's "fierce ambition is always there", expresses and shows that their ambition to help the world will never die.

3. Pastoral Poems Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming's existing articles include 3 poems, 5 rhymes and 4 essays, totaling 12. The leisure fu in Ci Fu is written by imitating Zhang Heng's fixed love fu and Cai Yong's static love fu. The content is to write a dream about love, which is meaningless. "Feeling Men Meet Fu" is an imitation of Dong Zhongshu's "Feeling Men Meet Fu" and Sima Qian's "Sad Men Meet Fu", and its content is to express the resentment under the door valve system. Gui Xi Ci is a political declaration that Tao Yuanming publicly broke with the upper class when he resigned and retired. The article uses a lot of space to write about his infinite joy of leaving the officialdom, imagine his infinite joy after retiring to the countryside, and show the author's yearning and love for nature and seclusion. The article skillfully integrates narrative, discussion and lyricism to create a vivid, natural and fascinating artistic realm; The language is natural and simple, washing away the strong local flavor. The rhymes include Painting Praise on the Fan, Reading History, Nine Chapters, Sacrifice to Sister, Sacrifice to Brother and Sacrifice to Yourself. Prose includes "Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition to Jin Dynasty", also known as "Biography of Meng Jia", which is a biography written for Meng Jia, the ancestor of foreign nationalities; In addition, there are Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Peach Blossom Garden and Dissipation with Yan Zi. Generally speaking, Wen Tao's numbers and achievements are not as good as Shi Tao's.

Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, sometimes revealing escapism. The thought of Lotte know life made Lao Zi and Zhuangzi known as "pastoral poets".