The Human Landscape of Wumengshan National Geopark

Wumengshan National Geopark is inhabited by Miao, Buyi, Yi and other ethnic minorities, with rich ethnic customs and simple folk customs.

The national culture is rich and colorful, and Yelang culture, red culture and ancient city culture have a long history. The site county where the Second and Sixth Army Corps joined forces is located in the old town of Panxian County. It was once the headquarters of the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. The 5th Battalion was originally built by the National Revolutionary Army in 1928, commonly known as Jiujian Building. At the end of March 1936, the leaders of the Legion held a Panxian meeting here and decided to cross the Jinsha River and go north to resist Japan. 1982 has been designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

Yelang culture

Yelang Culture: Yelang Ancient Town, Liuzhi Mao Kou Township: Located 70 kilometers southwest of the city, the legend of Yelang Ancient Town has been circulated among the people for many years. The ruins of ancient buildings such as Daqing brick, ancient post road, translation monument and ancient capital building excavated from here, together with the strange local place names of 36 Na and 72 Ga, and three ancient tombs in caves on cliffs more than 100 meters from the ground, make the ancient city of Yelang with different opinions take shape. Yelang culture was put forward in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is an important part of Guizhou's history and culture and an important gene or source of contemporary Guizhou culture. It was jointly created by all ethnic groups in Yelang period and people who later lived in Yelang's native land, and it was also the result of interaction between Yelang and surrounding areas. Many customs of Yelang, such as reproductive worship, ancestor worship, ghost worship and the architectural form of Yelang people, have been affecting people's lives today. Such as nest residence, mountain residence and "dry fence", have played an important role in the formation of architectural characteristics of Buyi, Dong and Shui nationalities.

In Guizhou, it has long been known that "Yelang is everywhere", but its castle or political center has been looking for, and there are constant disputes, involving Anshun, Zhenning, Liuzhi, Anlong, Ping Huang, Xingren, Hezhang and other places. These places are beautiful and picturesque, and many Yelang monuments make people on the spot full of curiosity to find lost. With the continuous expansion of the expedition team and the continuous enrichment of historical materials and cultural relics, the true face of Yelang may gradually become clear, but it is an eternal subject to explore the rich Yelang culture, our national mentality and modernization. In this sense, it will remain a mystery.

Beipanjiang Canyon Park, the ancient city of Panxian County, takes Beipanjiang Canyon as the main body, including the south city of Liupanshui and the peak forest scenic spot of Beipanjiang.

Gorge Scenic Area, Faer Santun Cyclone Tectonic Platform Scenic Area, Slope Farm (Basalt Square Mountain) Scenic Area, Liuche River Gorge Scenic Area, Gesuo Gorge Scenic Area, White Shaft, Huaga Tiankeng and other scenic spots. The park entrance is located at the location where Shuicheng Highway enters the park. The geographical coordinates of the northern end of the park area are east longitude 104 45' and north latitude 26 37'. The southern end is east longitude104 52' and north latitude 26 05'; The west end is104 37' east longitude and 2611'north latitude; The eastern end is east longitude1050 ′ and north latitude1608 ′. The park covers an area of 300 square kilometers. Located in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province, it belonged to the territory of the ancient Yelang State during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Beipanjiang River is the Suiyu River mentioned in Sima Qian's Historical Records, and the capital of ancient Yelang Kingdom is in the upper reaches of Suiyu River, as Ban Gu said in Hanshu: "Yelang people are near Suiyu River. Jiang Kuan Bai bu feasible ship. "

The Beipan River flows through seven towns in Zhenfeng County, forming a 94-kilometer-long Grand Canyon, which is the largest canyon in Guizhou. This canyon is a combination of peak forests, caves, rocks, waterfalls, undercurrents, flower beaches, spiral ponds and virgin forest vegetation. It has both the magnificence and preciseness of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and the magnificence of the Colorado Grand Canyon in the United States. In this section of the canyon, there are still lovers of Yelang culture such as ancient murals and ancient city ruins, as well as cultural landscapes such as Tiesuo Bridge, cliff stone carvings and ancient post roads. It can be said that Beipanjiang Grand Canyon is a new bright spot on the tourist line in western Guizhou. It is also the reappearance of "The Winding Gallery" and "The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man". In particular, Beipanjiang Bridge, a high-grade highway in Guanxing, is 486 meters long and 388 meters high, making it the first Gao Qiao in Asia. It gives people a feeling that "a bridge flies north and south, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare". Overlooking the deep tunnel and the long grand canyon from the bridge, it gives people a feeling of "roof gutter cracking" An axe nearly 1000 meters high and several kilometers long cuts the cliff, like a huge gallery mural, with great momentum.

Especially when the fog is hazy and smoke clouds are lingering, it gives people a fairyland-like feeling. wumengshan national geological park

In the middle section of Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, on a cliff between Zhexiang Town and Beipanjiang Town, stands a stone that looks sad and looks like a girl. The villagers nearby call it "regret stone". According to legend, a long time ago, a pair of Buyi brothers and sisters lived by the Beipanjiang River. Due to the early death of their parents, the two brothers and sisters have been self-reliant since childhood, coming and going in the wind and rain, and fishing on the Beipanjiang River for a living. Every time I come back from fishing, the division of labor between brother and sister is always warm and tacit: my brother cuts fish and cooks, and my sister adds firewood to make a fire. Delicious fish and fish soup are served on the table. My brother always tries his best to put all the fish heads in the bowl and chew them "click, click". Looking at the voracious eating, my sister couldn't help but whisper: how selfish my brother is! My sister thinks that one day, if only I could chew some fish heads well! Another stormy fishing day. As usual, brother and sister paddled bamboo rafts to go fishing on the river. My brother stood at the front end of the bamboo raft, fishing intently. Suddenly the bamboo raft flashed and my brother fell into the rushing river. After several struggles, he disappeared My younger brother, who loves fish heads, was buried in the belly of fish. Although my sister felt suddenly, she thought, from now on, no one will compete with me for fish heads! When my sister came home, she quickly cooked the fish and couldn't wait to give herself a big bowl of fish heads! Chew and chew, the more you chew the girl's heart, the less flavor it has: this fish head is all hard bones, no meat and no taste! Before eating the fish head in the bowl, my sister burst into tears. My regretful sister ran to the river in one breath to find her kind and kind brother, only to see the river flowing south. Sitting by the river, my numb sister has already turned into a sad fossil. This is the "stone of regret" that people see today. Kongming

Near the location of Lurong township government in Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, next to the grass road from Anlong to Zhenningba, there is a well-known mound with a long history. The mound is covered with lush weeds. Locals call it "Tomb of Kongming", which is a household name in the history of China and the name of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. There are several versions about the origin of Kongming's tomb. One of them is that when the Shu army captured Meng Huo in the south, Kong Ming, as the chief strategist, led the army to the Beipanjiang River and camped in the present Zhexiang town for training. The ruins of the three kingdoms military camp came from this. This person was originally called "Prime Minister"; Zhexiang is another name that people later thought was awkward and homophonic. On the north bank of Lurong Township, it is said that Zhuge Liang trained the Shu Navy. Legend has it that Mr. Kongming once inspected the scenery, water and soil around Beipanjiang before his death, and decided that there is a real Longbao near Lurong Township, which is now Kongming Village, and the tomb of Kongming is here. In his later years, Zhuge had a premonition that the Shu state behind him would not last long, and he would face the end of being destroyed by his sworn enemies Sima Yi and his son. So before he died, he specially arranged to build 72 true and false tombs all over the country to confuse the enemy. The tomb of Kongming in Lurong Township, Hebei Province should be one of Zhuge Liang's 72 true and false tombs. After Zhuge Liang's death, people on both sides of Beipanjiang River called the place where Zhuge Liang served as a soldier "Prime Minister" to commemorate this heroic counselor in history. In Kongming Village, Lurong Township, where Kongming trained sailors and even fought water battles, a monument to the Prime Minister of Shu State, called "Kongming Tomb", was permanently preserved. On holidays, especially in Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, local people always pay homage to their ancestors. They don't forget to plow a few shovels, light incense sticks, offer sacrifices and hang up a few sheets of white paper, as if to pay homage to the ancestors of their deceased ancestors. This should be the reason why the tomb of Kongming has been well preserved and not destroyed for many years. Mr. Kong Ming should be gratified if he has knowledge of the heavenly spirit. The existence of the tomb of Kongming is not without reason. Not far from Zhenfeng, the Tomb of Kongming in Zhe (Zai) Township and Guansuoling in Guanling County, several tens of kilometers away, form a chain of relics of the Three Kingdoms, which proves each other. They all show that the banks of Beipanjiang River in Guanling area of Zhenfeng were once the places where Guan Yu's father and son and Zhuge Liang, a famous minister, left their footprints and achievements. Mapaojing

In Zhexiang Town on the left side of Zhenfeng-Guiyang Highway, there is a well-known "planing horse well". There is an ancient tree beside the well, which is born according to the well, with lush foliage and umbrella-shaped crown, covering an area of more than 20 square meters around the wellhead. Spring water gushes from the cracks in the rocks, and it is clear and cool all year round, and it is endless and does not change with the seasons. Legend has it that "digging a horse well" was a battle here led by Guan Suo, a general of Shu State, during the Three Kingdoms period. When people were exhausted, the thirsty horse scratched the soil with its hoof and inadvertently dug up a sweet mountain spring. Shu soldiers drank enough water, refreshed, won the battle, drank water and thought of the source, so they named this well "Ma Planing Well". The "Planing Horse Well" is only a few steps away from expressway. All pedestrians and horses pass by and get off for a drink. In recent years, water purification plants have mushroomed everywhere; Some operators have long coveted the water quality of Majing and are interested in investing, but the local people have repeatedly declined on the grounds of protecting historical sites. This is beside the point. hanging coffin

In the middle of Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, there is a famous Datian River, the hometown of Amomum villosum in China. Datian River from west to east is not only the natural boundary between Zhenfeng and Ceheng counties, but also the boundary river between Zhenfeng, Ceheng and Anlong counties. Datian River is a tributary of Beipanjiang River. At its source, Tunshang Village, a serial township at the junction of Zhenfeng, Anlong and Ceheng counties, there is a natural cave called Sifang Cave, also called Shizikou Cave. There is a famous "hanging coffin" in the cave. Seen from a distance, a square hole, as its name implies, is square in shape, neat as a knife and wide as a lion's mouth. The cave is tens of meters high and wide with steep walls. In the middle of a cave wall, there is a conspicuous coffin, which is familiar to the locals. As for the mystery of hanging coffins in Sifang Cave, it is said that the owner of hanging coffins is Liu, a big family in Ceheng Poping. As for the age of hanging coffins, it can be traced back to the seventh year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, that is, 18 1 year ago. It is said that after the death of the old rich man of the Liu family, the filial family asked Mr. Taoist to choose the land, spent a lot of silver rice, and after many twists and turns, finally found a square hole dozens of kilometers away from the broken ping. The local people said that before expressway was opened to traffic, it would take more than three hours from the Sifang Cave to the collision. According to Mr. Feng Shui, this cave in the lion's mouth is a real treasure. If the bones of the deceased are "fed" into the lion's mouth, future generations will be promoted and make a fortune. People near Sifang Cave disapprove of the "big grave" buried by Liu's hanging coffin, and even resent it. So he made up a folk song to tease it: "Liu Jia wants to be an official unless he answers the river skillfully;" The Liu family will wear robes unless they build a merit bridge. " "Qiaoan" is a transliteration of Buyi language "Heyuan". Da Qiao River is the local name of the upstream hole section of Datian River. Sure enough, there is a stone bridge that looks full of vicissitudes above the stream in the square hole. Probably the Liu family's compensation for the people in Sifang Cave, or a kind of atonement. Of course, whether the descendants of the Liu family are developed or not has not been studied in detail.