What are the architectural forms of loose cattle houses?

Due to different climatic conditions, scattered cattle houses can be divided into three types: house type, shed type and shade shed type.

(1) family cowshed

This type of curing barn is suitable for the north, and the temperature is generally below 26℃ and above-18℃. In areas below-18℃, the cowshed can also be used by adding necessary thermal insulation structures or mechanical ventilation facilities for thermal insulation and cold protection. According to the research, the water exhaled by each cow every day is about 1 1 kg, so the cowshed must have good ventilation facilities to discharge this large amount of water outdoors. Especially in the cold winter, if there is poor ventilation, a lot of water vapor can't be discharged and accumulated on the wall or ceiling, so it is difficult to keep the indoor air fresh and dry. Generally speaking, there should be a full-length bell tower or other forms of exhaust device on the roof.

(2) shed cowshed

Shed cowshed is mostly east-west double slope type. There is no fence around the shed, only reinforced concrete columns are used as supporting structures. The structure of sloping roof is similar to that of conventional cowshed, but the material is simple and light. The sloping roof adopts double rows, with a feeding channel in the middle and feeding troughs on both sides (Figure 3-5). Sheds and cowsheds are suitable for warmer climates. Because there are no walls on all sides, only the roof is arbor-shaped, so it is well ventilated. In rainy areas, feeding troughs can also be set in the shed. In areas with strong north wind in winter, movable boards or other wind-proof devices can be installed on the north or north, east and west sides, or walls can be used on the east and west sides, and movable boards can be used in the north to prevent the cold wind from invading. In summer, the windproof device can be removed to facilitate ventilation. In cold areas or areas with long cold seasons, walls and doors and windows can also be installed on the north and both sides, which are closed in winter and open in summer. How much the eaves protrude can be determined according to the local wind and rain. The shed of a general dairy farm is about 60 meters long, 5 meters wide and spans 12 meters. There are five meters wide sports fields on both sides of the shed. Set the 10 column. Each column covers an area of 60m2 and can feed 15 fattening cows. The feeding channel is 2m wide and can be used for people to cart and mix materials. Some sheds are too small to cover half of the cows on both sides. Although this cowshed has a small span, it can still protect the cow's head and feed in the feeding trough in bad weather, and can also prevent the breeder from operating in bad environment. The feeding trough in the shed is a through trough, and there is a free drinking pool in the playground outside the shed.

Figure 3-5 Schematic diagram of shed cowshed

(3) Shading shed cowshed

This kind of cowshed is suitable for areas with dry and hot climate, less rainfall, good soil quality, good drainage and large sports ground. Only the roof of the cowshed hides the cow bed, and the rest are open. Drainage should have a gradient of 2%, and its area should be 30 ~ 60 m2/ head. The feeding trough should be located at a higher place in the sports ground.