The weather has turned cold these days, and my little Brazilian turtle only eats but doesn't pull, for about four or five days.

1. Choosing healthy turtles:

The size is whatever you like. Small turtles are difficult to raise, and big turtles are not too close to each other. I think so. Buy the best from April to September every year. If you want to buy two, don't buy one with too much difference in size. Brazilian tortoises are fierce and will eat and eat. It's best to buy a man and a woman, and there may be turtles in the future. Carefully observe whether there is any abnormality in the appearance of the turtle. The shell should be smooth and hard with beautiful patterns. The skin is not peeled off, and there is no acne wound. Nails are complete, limbs are free from injury, eyes are clear and free from injury, there is no mucus in the corners of the mouth, and nostrils are clean and circulated. Crawl fast and straight, with strong limbs. Lively and grab food. Finally, put it in the water to see if its swimming style is beautiful. You have to float to the surface to breathe. That's about it. Think of it later and add it.

2. Distinguish between a male turtle and a female turtle:

The male turtle has a long fingernail, a thick tail, a reproductive hole far away from the body, and a slightly concave belly nail. On the contrary, it is a female turtle.

Of course, this can only be seen by a female turtle about the size of a male turtle.

3. Turtle tank:

The more natural it is, the better. You don't have to change all the time to buy a vat, and the turtles feel free to move. The cylinder wall is higher to prevent it from climbing out. There is water and land. The water depth is 3 times the thickness of turtle shell. Sand and rain stones can be thrown at the bottom of the water, and several aquatic plants can be planted. Raise a few more small fish. Get another land. If you buy a turtle tank, there will be stairs and land. If it is an ordinary fish tank, put a big stone. Put it where the sun can shine. This is the simplest method. If possible, you can buy an ultraviolet lamp and put it at a height of 3 cm from the turtle box to illuminate it for 15-2 minutes every day. Buy a heating rod when it is cold and the temperature is low, and the temperature is 25 degrees.

4. Water quality:

If you are diligent, you'd better change the water every day and wash the sand. If you are lazy, buy a filtration system. Even then, change it once a week. Changing water often is very important for turtles. Add a little salt to the new water. Not too cold. Otherwise, they will get a lot of diseases.

4. Food:

Turtles are omnivorous animals, and young people love to eat meat. Can feed small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches and so on. Turtles usually eat in water. Turtles love vegetarianism when they are old. They will eat water plants. You can feed some washed vegetables. If you are too lazy to fiddle with those messy things, buy a box of turtle food and eat it slowly. High-quality turtle food is rich in calcium, protein, fiber, fat, vitamins A, B12, C, D3 and E. Nutritious, definitely not very delicious. Turtles must think so, too. Feed in moderation, the turtle's digestive system is not very good. The turtle is too small to feed too big shrimp, etc. to help it chop up. When they finish eating, fish out the leftover food.

5. Sunbathing:

When it is warm, you can put it in the sun for about 15 minutes. Be careful not to be exposed to the sun! The sunshine is best at 9: in the morning and at 3 or 4: in the afternoon. Regular exposure to the sun can supplement calcium and kill bacteria in the cracks of its shell.

6. Safety:

If you have cats and dogs at home, you should add barbed wire to the turtle tank. Many turtles died at the hands of cats and dogs. The turtle tank is so high that they can't climb out. Be careful that you can't climb out when you step on the stone in the jar. Pay attention to give them a bath every day when you are in a certain period of time. Prevent drought death. Be careful not to let them fall when they climb high. Especially friends who raise turtles on the balcony, don't let them climb out and fall downstairs! Very dangerous!

7. Hibernation:

Hibernation is very important for turtles. When the temperature is below 12 degrees, they begin to hibernate. In the north, it starts from the end of October to March next year. Newborn turtles had better not hibernate in the first year, and weak and sick turtles had better not hibernate.

①. Sticking fat to clear the intestines and stomach: In September, they began to supplement nutrition and stick fat. Stop feeding about two weeks before hibernation, and soak in warm water for defecation in the last three or four days to empty the intestines. The above is necessary, otherwise the food left in the intestines will ferment and cause their stomach walls and intestines to rupture and die.

②. Hibernation box layout: use a large plastic storage box with thick soil. They will get in by themselves. Put aside for a few days and spray some water on the soil to keep it moist. 1-13 degrees is the best hibernation temperature. Don't put it in the open air, it will freeze to death below 8 degrees. It is best to put it in the corner of the balcony. Let the temperature drop slowly, and don't let them suddenly feel cold.

③ Observe their situation at any time. Don't forget them! When the weather is warm, take the turtles out and put them back to their original residence. Don't feed them for three days. Start feeding on the fourth or fifth day. They must have lost weight. Give them more food and make up for it. Recover as soon as possible. A turtle that hibernates smoothly can give birth to a baby.

8. Don't hibernate:

Young turtles, weak turtles and turtles bought during hibernation should not be allowed to hibernate. Because they didn't do intestinal cleaning before hibernation.

①. It is necessary to raise water and add a transverse temperature bar. About 25 degrees.

② If the room temperature is about 25 degrees, it can be dried. But you need a warm bath every day. Give them food in the bath.

③ The best food in winter is fresh shredded lean meat or small fish and shrimp. So as to maintain physical strength.

II. Diseases

1. White eye disease

①. Symptoms and causes: the eyes can't be opened, and the cornea and its surroundings are eroded with a white film. Caused by water pollution. Often use forelimbs to wipe your eyes, and you can't eat. In severe cases, your eyes are blind, you have difficulty breathing, and your body is thin and you die.

② medical treatment: take the turtle out of the water and put it in the shade to make the membrane in its eyes flow out, and you can feed it some animal livers. Use chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops once or twice a day, or use penicillin medicine to feed 45 thousand units per kilogram of turtle weight once or twice; Or dip a cotton swab or a new wool nib in 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel aqueous solution, apply it twice a day, and then put it in clean water. Basically it can be cured in six days.

2. Rot skin disease

①. Symptoms and causes: the affected part is ulcerated, the epidermis is white, and the water quality is polluted due to monospora.

② Medical treatment: clean the wound, and then apply chlortetracycline eye ointment

3. Calcium deficiency

①. Symptoms and causes: soft and deformed shell.

② medical treatment: sunbathing. Eat fish and shrimp.

4. Pneumonia

①. Symptoms and causes: There is mucus in the corners of the mouth and nose, the turtle is sleepy, his head is held high, his front and rear legs are weak, and his nose and mouth will gasp. It is related to the temperature change

②. Medical treatment: isolate and raise the temperature in the feeding box to about 3 degrees. Add gentamicin into water at a ratio of 1: 2. The most important thing is to feed the medicine. Crush amoxicillin and twenty-one gold vitamine (a little), mix them with raw eggs (a little), gently hold the sides of the head with your thumb and forefinger when the turtle stretches its head, open your mouth with a larger needle tail, and drip the mixture of medicine and eggs with a syringe. One or two drops each time, about ten drops each time, twice a day.

5. onychomycosis

①. Symptoms and causes: the surface of the crustacean festers, and in severe cases, caves are formed or muscles are seen, and people go on a hunger strike or eat less

②. Medical treatment: remove the diseased turtle from single rearing, then scrub the affected area with hydrogen peroxide, and then directly apply it with crystal powder of potassium permanganate, or apply it with other anti-inflammatory drugs. Panax pseudo-ginseng or fresh Notoginseng Radix can also be used to apply to the affected part of the diseased turtle.

6. Gastroenteritis

①. Symptoms: The sick turtle has dull eyes, is emaciated, does not like crawling, likes drinking water, has diarrhea, and has a runny stool

②. Prevention and treatment methods: improve the water quality, keep the water fresh, feed fresh feed, and strictly disinfect utensils. After the sick turtle was soaked in 3, units of erythromycin solution for 6 minutes, a proper amount of oxytetracycline was mixed into the feed to feed the sick turtle. Mildly ill turtles can take furazolidone, berberine, chloramphenicol, etc. Severe cases are treated by intramuscular injection and supplemented with vitamins.

7. Septicemia

①. Symptoms and causes: weakness, red spots on limbs or abdominal nails

②. Medical treatment: blood test at the veterinarian before treatment, followed by injection of antibiotics

8. Cold

①. Symptoms and causes: runny nose, unstable water temperature, catching cold.

②. Medical treatment: heating, feeding some amoxicillin

9. Lung choking

①. Symptoms and causes: swollen neck, weakness of limbs, no flexibility; The skin is light yellow, like blisters. If you choke for a long time, you can see the action of opening your mouth after fishing.

medical treatment: immediately squeeze the limbs into the shell to squeeze out the water in the body, then pull the head and limbs for stretching and pressing to give artificial respiration, and then put the turtle in a quiet and warm place. Reduce water quantity. When changing water, don't put the turtle in the tank and suddenly choke.