A natural overview of streets

According to the structural division, Shang Jie area is located in the northern wing of anticlinorium, the western Henan fold belt, the southern edge of Wenxian sag, and the south-central part of the North China seismic belt. The structural belts that have influence on Shang Jie are: ① Taihang piedmont fault zone, ② Xinxiang-Shangqiu fault zone, ③ Liaocheng-Lankao fault zone, ④ Fengmenkou-Wu Zhiling fault zone, and ⑤ Wei Fen fault basin structural belt. The structural performance is mainly faults, followed by folds. These faults include Shang Jie fault, Guoxiaozhai fault, Sishui fault and Guangwu fault.

Shangjie District and its surrounding areas are all covered by Quaternary loose sediments, and the thickness of sediments has increased from 65,438 0.20m in the southern hills to more than 250m in the north. The genetic types are aeolian deposit, alluvial deposit, alluvial deposit, lake deposit and artificial fill.

The geology of Shang Jie area is Quaternary alluvial secondary loess layer with the maximum thickness of about 200m. Most of the whole area is I-II sinking macroporous soil (only the northern part near Longhai railway line is non-sinking soil), and it sinks after soaking. The allowable compressive strength of the foundation is 1.5-2.5 kg/cm2, and the depth of the stable groundwater level is 13.9-29.5 m, and the groundwater generally flows to the north or northwest.

The strata of Xiaoguan aluminum mining area under its jurisdiction are: Ordovician Majiagou limestone; Carboniferous bauxite and coal seam; Carboniferous Taiyuan limestone; Sand shale; Permian and Triassic sandstone and shale; The top is the Quaternary loess layer. The whole geological structure is simple and monoclinic. Generally, the strike of stratum is N70°W, the dip angle is N20°E, and the dip angle is about 65438+05. The occurrence of bauxite layer is basically the same as that of rock stratum, and the average thickness of bauxite layer with industrial value is about 2 meters. There is a dense (Carboniferous) limestone layer above the bauxite layer, with a thickness of about 5-6 meters and a CaO content of 54%, which is a good raw material for alumina flux.

The geological reserves of Xiaoguan bauxite mine area are about 654.38 billion tons, of which 40% can be mined in open pit. The ore contains 64.75% alumina and 14.4 1% silica, with an average alumina-silica ratio of 4.7. Carboniferous limestone reserves are about 300 million tons, and Ordovician shale in other individual areas can also be used as flux.

2. Terrain

Shang Jie region belongs to the loess hilly region, located on the fan-shaped axis of the North China Plain and the Yellow River alluvial plain, and is the junction of the eastern Henan Plain and the western Henan hilly region. The west and south are hills and mountains, most of which are located on the first, second and third steps of the ancient Yellow River. According to the landform form and genetic type, it can be divided into three landform types from south to north: aeolian loess hilly land, alluvial plain and alluvial plain. This area is covered with Quaternary loose deposits, and the shallow loess hilly area is Pleistocene aeolian deposits. The inclined plain area is Pliocene diluvium; The alluvial plain area is Holocene alluvium and Pliocene alluvium. There are many gullies in this area. The ground is divided into pieces by gullies, most of which are near north, south, east and west. Gully width is 30-70 meters, some places are 70-80 meters deep, 100- 150 meters, generally 500-2000 meters long, and some gullies are more than 5000 meters long. The east and north are relatively open and flat. As a whole, the whole area is naturally inclined, with an average slope of 0 48' 8 "and an altitude of10-160m. The highest point on the ground189m, and the lowest point130m or less. The height difference is more than 50m, and the average longitudinal slope drop is 8- 15 ‰. Due to long-term mountain torrents and rain erosion, ravines are criss-crossed, and most of the ground is cut into sections.

Xiaoguan Mine under its jurisdiction is located 22km southwest of gongyi city City, mainly including Hongtupo mining area in Chadian section and Nanling mining area in Zhulinggou section, both located at the northern foot of Songshan Mountain, with the terrain gradually increasing from east to west and from north to south, with the specific height of 200-300m and the highest elevation of 550m. More than 90% of the ground is covered with loess, and the terrain is severely cut, and the valleys develop into complex loess terrace terrain.

3. Climate

Shangjie district is located in the mid-latitude warm temperate zone and has a monsoon continental climate. Controlled by the advance and retreat of the air mass which is hot in the south and cold in the north, it has typical warm temperate monsoon climate characteristics, with Leng Xia hot in winter and four distinct seasons.

Characteristics of the four seasons: the temperature in spring is changeable, windy and rainy, and the temperature is14.8℃; Summer is hot and rainy, with water and heat in the same period, and the temperature is 26.7℃; Autumn is cool and sunny, and the temperature is 14.5℃. It is windy and snowy in winter, cold and dry, and the temperature is 65438 0.2℃.

Temperature: The average annual sunshine hours in Shang Jie are 2337.9 hours. The annual average temperature is between 65438 03.5℃ and 65438 05.3℃, with a maximum annual change of 2℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 42.9℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is-16.5℃. In a year, the highest in July is 27.5℃, and the lowest in 1 month is -0.2℃, and the annual temperature is 27.7℃. The average number of days from the first frost to the last frost is 52 days, and the average frost-free period for the whole year is 225 days.

Precipitation: Shang Jie has a continental climate. Affected by the monsoon, the annual precipitation is generally 500-800 mm, mostly in July, August and September, accounting for 55.8% of the annual precipitation. The average precipitation over the years is 622.2 mm, 1958 is the largest, reaching 1048.5mm, and 198 1 year is the smallest, only 3 18.4mm ... The precipitation changes greatly and is unevenly distributed in the year, and the precipitation varies among the four seasons. In winter (65438+February-February), the precipitation is 28.09mm, accounting for 4.5% of the annual precipitation; The precipitation in spring (March-May) is 1 16.4 mm, accounting for18.7% of the annual precipitation; Summer (June-August) precipitation is 333.45 mm, accounting for 53.6% of the annual precipitation; In autumn (September-165438+1October), the precipitation is 144.52 mm, accounting for 29.2% of the annual precipitation.

Natural disasters: In addition to normal climatic factors, disastrous weather frequently occurs in Shang Jie, seriously affecting land use and production potential. These disastrous weather can be summarized as drought, rainstorm, hail, dry hot wind and so on. There are droughts in Shang Jie all year round, but the severity is different. The frequency of spring drought and early summer drought in the whole region is above 33%, and the frequency of summer drought and autumn drought is below 25%, which is called "nine droughts in ten years". The rainstorm in the whole region usually occurs in August-September, and its main characteristics are high intensity, short rainfall duration and concentrated rainfall. There have been many hailstorms in the history of the jurisdiction, and the most harmful one was1April, 979 12, which was the flowering and pollination period of fruit trees, resulting in the failure of some fruit trees. According to the statistics of 40 years (1957- 1996), there are as many as 30 dry and hot winds. It occurs in late May or early June, causing serious harm to wheat production, once every 2-3 years. The dry-hot wind lasts for 6-7 days, and the most frequent years are 197 1 year and 14 days.

4. Hydrology

The average annual precipitation in Shang Jie is 653.8 mm, with the highest value of 1048.5 mm and the lowest value of 400.6 mm The precipitation is unevenly distributed in the year, and it is concentrated in July and August in summer. The average sunshine hours over the years are 2337.9 hours, and the average frost-free period is 225 days. Groundwater is the only water resource in the surface rivers and lakes in unpredictable years.

Because there is a thick Quaternary loose layer in Shang Jie area, which is rich in groundwater, the water abundance gradually increases from south to north.

Groundwater distribution is bounded by Longhai Railway. To the north of the railway is a shallow water area with a static water level of 5 5- 10/0m, a well depth of 40-65m, and a single well water output of10-30m3/h, which is the main water source for agricultural irrigation at present. South of the railway is deep water, with a static water level of 35-55 meters, a well depth of 100- 160 meters, and the main water-bearing section is within 60 meters. The water output of a single well is mostly between 30-70 m3/h except in Huangtugang area, and the water-rich degree is 20-50 tons/h..

The shallow water in this area is mainly supplied by precipitation, followed by surface water in the north, and the middle and deep water is supplied by lateral runoff and shallow overflow in the south. Groundwater flows southwest, south to northeast and north.

The total groundwater reserve in Shang Jie area is 25,649,700 cubic meters, the recharge in the middle and deep layers is 6 17.26 cubic meters/year, and the shallow layer is 666,700 cubic meters/year. The allowable production in the middle and deep layers is 6172,600 m3/ year, and that in the shallow layers is102,600 m3/ year. According to statistics, the actual production of deep layer is 8.004 million m3/ year, and the actual production of shallow layer is 265.438+699 million m3/ year. The annual storage capacity is 6,543.8+834,000 cubic meters in the middle and deep layers and 6,543.8+654.38+432,000 cubic meters in the shallow layers.

As for surface rivers, there is Sishui River in the west of Shang Jie District, with annual discharge of 1.0- 1.5m 3/s, which can reach 1.557 m3/s in flood season and only 0.2-0.3 m3/s in dry season. There is the Suohe River (Huaihe River System) near Xingyang City in the east, and a tributary of Ku upstream in the north. Most of the precipitation in this area flows into these three rivers through surface gullies.

5. Land

The soil in Shang Jie is a kind of soil, namely cinnamon soil, including three subtypes-cinnamon soil, moist cinnamon soil and cinnamon soil; Three soil types are vertical loess, fluvo-aquic soil and white clay, and five soil types are vertical loess, white loess, fluvo-aquic soil, fluvo-aquic soil at the bottom of Shajiang River and white clay, with areas of 4,930 mu, 10 148 mu, 4,559 mu, 2 129 mu and 23,000 mu respectively.

Among them: vertical loess is distributed in the southwest of Zuozhao Village and Shangjie Garden; Bailitu is distributed in Niezhai, Zuozhao Village, Langzhonggou West and Renzhuang Village North. Chaobai soil is distributed in the north and east of Shilipu, Xia Houhe. The tidal white soil at the bottom of Shahe River is distributed in Xiaowa, Baishe and Zhuzhai villages. Clay is distributed in Langzhonggou, south of Renzhuang Village and southwest of Niezhai Village.

The soil in the jurisdiction is mainly light loam (white standing soil and fluvo-aquic soil), accounting for 70% of the total area. The soil is not loose and sticky, and it has moderate water and fertilizer conservation and is easy to cultivate. Sandy loam (erect loess) accounts for 10%, with loose soil and poor water and fertilizer conservation; Light loam accounts for 20%, which is slightly sticky and has strong water and fertilizer retention. In short, the soil in the jurisdiction is suitable for planting crops such as grain, cotton, oil and vegetables.

6. plants

Shang Jie is located in the mid-latitude warm temperate zone, and there are many kinds of wild plants and cultivated plants. Most of them have the characteristics of drought tolerance, barren tolerance and strong adaptability.

Source: Records of Shangjie District. 1 biological resources

(1) plant resources

Plants: The jurisdiction is located in the mid-latitude warm temperate zone, and there are many kinds of wild plants and cultivated plants. Most of them have the characteristics of drought tolerance, barren tolerance and strong adaptability.

The seed plants in the whole area can be divided into two categories: gymnosperms, cycads containing cycads; Conifers, including Ginkgo biloba and Pinaceae. The second is angiosperm, which can be divided into monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants. There are 30 families and about 935 species. As follows:

Food crops: there are 29 kinds and 290 varieties of wheat, barley, peas, corn, millet, soybean, mung bean, sorghum and potato.

Fruits: 65 varieties such as apple, peach, apricot, pear, plum, walnut, persimmon, jujube, plum, cherry, strawberry, pomegranate and grape.

Vegetables: Chinese cabbage, radish, cucumber, pumpkin, loofah, bitter gourd, wax gourd, zucchini, celery, tomato, eggplant, coriander, fennel, pepper, potato, spinach, amaranth, Chinese cabbage, onion, garlic, leek, beans, etc. 130 variety.

Flowers and trees: Pinus massoniana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Cedar, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, Sabina vulgaris, Peony, Paeonia lactiflora, Rose, Hydrangea, Chrysanthemum, Carthamus tinctorius, Scolopendra, Albizia Albizzia, Radix Puerariae, Pterocarya stenoptera, Populus tomentosa and weeping willow.

(2) Animal resources

Animals: There are 376 species of reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds, mammals and insects in 6 classes, more than 70 families. Its category name is as follows:

Grass carp, crucian carp, carp, frog, toad, snake, lizard, lizard, gecko, tortoise, turtle, magpie, sparrow, crow, woodpecker, kingfisher, pigeon, hare, squirrel, gopher, weasel, badger, dog, cat, cow, horse, mule, donkey, sheep and pig. Gray butterfly, pink butterfly, cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, corn borer, wheat moth, corn weevil, red spider, fruit moth, dead leaf moth, yellow thorn moth, fly, housefly, cow pulp, lice, bedbugs, cockroaches, etc.

2. Agricultural and fishery resources

The main crops and products in this area are: wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, rape, millet, sesame, fruit and other cash crops. Xiawo Town is dominated by crops, mainly including food crops, cash crops and fruits and vegetables.

The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Shang Jie is 815400 yuan at current prices, including 310000 yuan for agriculture, 0/9700 yuan for forestry and 46.99 million yuan for animal husbandry. Mainly animal husbandry.

In recent years, Shangjie District has accelerated the pace of agricultural industrialization adjustment, and gradually formed four unique agricultural industrial bases, such as ten thousand mu pepper base, high-quality fruit base, edible fungus production base and sunlight vegetable greenhouse base. Produced "Wuyunshan Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum" and "Baimiao Huangli" have become well-known brands of regional modern agriculture.

3. Mineral resources

Shang Jie is rich in mineral resources, mainly bauxite. Bauxite is the main raw material for producing alumina. In this area, Chinalco Henan Branch has five mines, including Xiaoguan Aluminum Mine, Luoyang Aluminum Mine and Mianchi Aluminum Mine. Bauxite reserves10.90 billion tons, limestone10.26438+0.8 billion tons. At present, the production capacity of bauxite 165438+ 10,000 tons and limestone 850,000 tons has been formed. According to statistics, there are 40 bauxite producing areas in Henan Province, with proven reserves of 470 million tons, including 439 million tons of geological reserves, and bauxite with a/s > 7 only accounts for about 17%. Due to the indiscriminate mining and excavation in recent ten years, most mining areas have been destroyed, and the recoverable reserves are far less than the reserves. The relatively complete reserves of bauxite deposits are only1.7 ~1.900 million tons.

Source: Records of Shangjie District; Master plan of Shang Jie district1999-2010; Development Planning of Aluminum Industry in China (Zhengzhou) Aluminum Industrial Park.