What are the management measures for orchards in summer? What are the characteristics of apple production and sales this year?

Due to the occurrence and spread of epidemic this year, it has also had a far-reaching impact on our apple industry. So in this situation, what are the characteristics of Apple's production and marketing situation? How should fruit farmers manage orchards in summer according to these characteristics? In order to produce high-quality and efficient apples. According to my work experience and the situation of apple production and sales, the author puts forward my personal views and suggestions, hoping to help fruit farmers in apple production and sales.

1. What are the characteristics of apple production and sales this year?

From the production point of view, since the beginning of spring, although affected by persistent drought, advection frost at flowering stage and hail at later stage. Advection frost only affects the fruits in the low temperature layer; Although the disaster caused by hail is serious in some areas, its impact is also partial. Generally speaking, due to the rapid development and large production area of the national apple industry, the output of flowers was large last year, and more flowers were spent this year. In addition, fruit farmers invested more in spring and managed solidly. Judging from the current amount of bagging, if there are no major natural disasters in the middle and late growth period, this year should be a bumper harvest year for apples.

Judging from the market performance, first, the epidemic continued to spread after the Spring Festival. At present, except for the epidemic in China, the epidemic situation in most countries is still increasing. Resumption of work and production is slow, and it is difficult to revitalize the economy in a short time. Most countries' economies are still experiencing negative growth, and their export trade is also greatly affected. Moreover, the export of apples from China only accounts for about 0.3% of the total output, so the export has little impact on the apple market in China; Second, although the epidemic situation in China has been controlled and the economy has begun to recover, especially since June, the national income will not increase significantly this year. From the perspective of output and market, it is decided that the price of apples will not rise this year, and it is possible that the sales volume will not be too good.

Judging from the climatic factors, according to the medium and long-term weather forecast, there is more rain in midsummer this year, and the climate is cooler than in previous years. In the past ten days, there has been a large-scale rainfall all over the country, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth of our apple trees. Because after entering July, flower buds enter the stage of morphological differentiation, which is also the fruit growth period. However, the high temperature and high humidity climate is easy to induce brown spot, rot, red spider, aphids and other pests and diseases. In addition, some orchards start to grow badly in autumn, which will affect the formation of flower bud differentiation.

Based on the above situation, this year has brought great difficulties to orchard management. In this regard, I hope that fruit farmers can clearly understand the situation, do a good job in the management of summer orchards, and make unremitting efforts to produce high-quality and best-selling apples, because high-quality apples will always be a sharp weapon for competition.

2. Based on the production and sales of apples this year, some suggestions are put forward for the management and sales of apple orchards this summer.

1, suggestions on orchard management

Due to the influence of drought, freezing injury and hail, there are some problems in fruit shape this year, such as flat shape, rough fruit surface, price difference and so on. Therefore, in the management of orchards in summer, we must first do everything possible to protect the leaves; Secondly, it is to increase the application amount of potassium fertilizer and increase the color of sugar; Third, in the case of not being affected by the climate, it is necessary to pick it at the right time. In previous years, the harvest was around 65438+1October 65438+May, and this year it will be delayed by one week. Moreover, it is necessary to harvest in batches, first harvesting the fruits on and outside the crown, and then harvesting the fruits indoors; Fourth, we must do a good job in pest control; Fifth, pay attention to calcium supplementation after unpacking.

2. Suggestions on Apple Sales

In previous years, our acceptable price should be around 2.2~2.4 yuan, but this year's epidemic will have a great impact on sales. It is suggested that when we negotiate the price with the merchants, the asking price should be around 2~2.2 yuan. If the merchants can bid around 2 yuan, they should make timely moves. In addition, because the fruit sales are generally not good this year, it is close to the market to remind fruit farmers to ship in time, and the inventory will evaporate with the water, and the sales will look even more ugly.

Thirdly, based on the production and sales of apples, the importance and objectives of orchard management are discussed.

In terms of the importance of management: At present, it has entered the midsummer season, and the apple has entered the vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth period, which is also the key period of orchard management in summer. New shoots need to grow, young fruits need to develop, flower buds need to differentiate, and the demand for fertilizer and water is large; Secondly, this period is in the high temperature and high humidity season, and pests and diseases spread quickly, reproduce quickly and do serious harm; Third, summer is also a season of frequent meteorological disasters such as drought, rainstorm and hail, and it is expected that this year will be frequent and frequent; Fourth, some orchards fell leaves early last year, and some orchards did not apply base fertilizer in autumn, which led to insufficient nutrition in tree storage. All these require us to strengthen the management of orchards in summer.

From the main tasks of management, the main tasks are to stabilize the tree, promote the growth of young fruits, promote the differentiation of flower buds, prevent and control pests and diseases, and reduce meteorological disasters. The above are the five tasks of orchard management in summer, which require us to be scientific and standardized in management.

4. According to the production and sales of apples, what are the specific measures for orchard management in summer?

Specific management measures include pest control, soil moisture conservation and fertilization, and emergency management of bad weather.

1, pay close attention to pest control and ensure yield.

In summer, the high-incidence diseases of apple trees mainly include brown spot disease and rot disease; The main pests are tetranychus urticae, liriomyza sativae, gold moth, aphid and so on.

(1) Integrated agricultural control measures

In actual management, there must be an idea that every orchard management includes agricultural prevention and control measures for pests and diseases. At this stage, summer pruning and pruning should be combined, which was originally completed before bagging, but many fruit farmers did not do this work for many reasons. But it's not too late to pull the branches now, but the angle and intensity of pulling the branches are bigger. In addition, some harmful branches should be removed, such as branches sprouting at the incision. If the incision is large and the surrounding space is large, 1~2 budding branches should be reserved at the lower end of the incision, and others should be thinned out; For overgrown branches, erect branches, competitive branches, opposite branches, overlapping branches within one meter above and below, and diseased branches, leave 8~ 10 leaves for the long branches, and cut off the branches with strong growth and leave the branches with weak growth if there are two branches.

(2) spraying chemicals for prevention and control.

While doing a good job in agricultural prevention and control measures, we should also carry out pesticide spraying prevention and control. If there are no pests and diseases on the fruit trees, the Bordeaux mixture with the ratio of copper sulfate, quicklime and water of 1:2:200 should be sprayed in time before the next rainfall. This is a protective bactericide that can't be replaced by any chemical pesticide at present. As long as it is sprayed tightly and thoroughly, even if it rains for a long time next time, pests and diseases will not occur. Brown spot disease is most likely to occur in the rainy season. Fruit farmers must pay attention to the fact that chemicals are dry.

The chemicals sprayed after rain are tebuconazole, diniconazole, difenoconazole and flusilazole; The biological agents are Nongkang 120 and polyoxin. When choosing a medicament, it is best to choose a chemical medicament and a biological medicament, so that the complementary efficacy is better.

In addition, after spraying Bordeaux mixture for the first time for 25 days, if there are no pests and diseases on the leaves, spraying Bordeaux mixture twice can ensure that the leaves are safe and sound. The effect of spraying Bordeaux mixture twice in rainy years is better than any chemical agent, which is fully proved by a lot of field management experience, and the price is relatively low, but dispensing is more troublesome.

(3) Special prevention and control measures should be taken for rot.

Apple is rotten, and our fruit farmers call it apple tree rot? Cancer? In fact, corruption is controllable and treatable.

From the point of view of control, it is very important to scrape off the old skin and apply medicine in summer. What have we paid attention to in preventing corruption in the past? Two sprays, two scrapes and two brushes? .

Second spraying: refers to pruning in spring, and spraying a bactericide mainly composed of stone sulfur mixture before clearing the garden in autumn and winter; Two scrapes and two brushes: check and scrape to cure rot after pruning in spring, scrape to prevent rot in summer, and apply protective agent in time after scraping. Protective agents can be amino acids, chelating agents and thiophanate-methyl ointment. Pay attention to collecting diseased skin when scraping, treat it centrally, and don't throw it away at will. A scraping and brushing is equivalent to cleaning up more than 85% of rotting bacteria in advance, so that it will not rot on a large scale in the later stage. Fruit farmers often control rot only when it happens. A slight difference in control will cause the spread of rot.

(4) Pests should pay special attention to the golden moth.

The moth mainly occurs before and after wheat harvest. Because of its rapid reproduction, it can reproduce one generation in about 20 days and produce 4~6 generations every year. The best time to control moths is to kill them before pupation. Optional reagents include diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron and beta-cypermethrin.

In pest control, we must choose drugs according to symptoms, that is, we must choose drugs according to the high incidence of pests and diseases in orchards. Moreover, it is necessary to dispense medicine scientifically, and it is best to dilute it twice before dispensing. It is best to spray drugs in the afternoon, and low temperature and humidity at night are beneficial to the absorption of drugs and improve the prevention and control effect. In addition, it is necessary to choose a good spraying instrument, not a spray gun, but a nozzle, so that the atomization effect is better. When spraying medicine, hit the inner chamber and the back of the leaf, first down and then up.

2. Soil moisture conservation and fertilization

At present, most orchards in northern China are dry orchards, which are in a state of drought for a long time in summer. Therefore, we must do a good job of moisturizing in summer. Every time it rains, you can hug the tree tray to improve the soil moisture conservation ability. If it is a grass orchard, it is necessary to control malignant weeds and remove them in time.

As for topdressing, it is normal to topdress once in spring and once after bagging. Some fruit farmers are impatient and have recently started chasing water-soluble fertilizers to treat fruit swelling. Because autumn shoots have begun to grow, if it rains recently, it is easy to cause autumn shoots to flourish, and competition with fruit expansion will be counterproductive.

During this period, only potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stone sulfur mixture and Bordeaux mixture need to be sprayed on the leaves without any foliar fertilizer. Once every 8~ 10 days, spray continuously for 3~4 times. It should be noted that foliar fertilizer should not be added when spraying Bordeaux mixture, because Bordeaux mixture is a strong alkaline fungicide.

3. Do a good job in emergency management of bad weather.

In summer, the climate changes dramatically, and hail occurs from time to time. We should treat hail differently according to its severity.

Mild hail: there is only a slight wound on the surface of the fruit, and foliar fertilizer and bactericide can be sprayed after the hail. Moderate hail: it does great damage to new buds and fruits. Rotten fruits, fallen leaves and fallen fruits should be removed in time, and protective fungicides and foliar fertilizers should be sprayed. Severe Hail: This is the last thing we want to happen. Unfortunately, we need to remedy in time. First of all, we should remove the broken branches and leaves, then spray bactericide in time to protect the wound, and apply quick-acting nitrate nitrogen fertilizer once per mu, such as ammonium sulfate or water-soluble fertilizer 20~30 kg, to promote the recovery of tree vigor and the secondary germination of new shoots. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic on the apple industry, we fruit farmers should proceed from the production and marketing situation of apples, do a good job in the management of orchards in summer, strive to produce high-quality and efficient apples, and improve the market competitiveness in adverse environment.