Life in Jiang Yiwu

(1885- 19 13) was born in (now Lixian County, Hunan Province). A famous modern democratic revolutionary and the founding father of the Republic of China. 1903 graduated from high school and entered Changde Normal School.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/904, he helped Song rally revolutionary forces and responded to the Changsha Uprising. After his failure, he was expelled from school. From then on, he was determined to carry out a revolution. He and Liu Fuji traveled all over the Yuanjiang River and contacted the party and organization of the Tanyuan Temple in Changde in order to draw inferences. From 65438 to 0906, he entered China College. Join the China League. Help Yang establish a competitive newspaper and advocate revolution.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/909, I went to Wuchang to be the editor of Business Daily. In order to instigate the new army, he joined the Left Team of the 3rd Battalion and the 41st bid of the 21st Mixed Society, and successively joined the Revolutionary Group Scholarship Society and Zhenwu Society.

1911In June, Zhenwu Society was reorganized into a literary society and was promoted to the position of president. In September, the Literary Society and the * * * Association held a joint meeting and were promoted to commander-in-chief of the military region. On October 9th, 65438/KLOC-0, Hankou government collapsed, the party membership and seal were confiscated, and the uprising plan was exposed. The situation is very critical. It was on the same day that Jiang rushed back to Wuchang from Yueyang that he rebelled resolutely that night and issued an order. At this time, the military police sent out to search for party member, the uprising headquarters was uncovered, Liu Fuji and Peng Chufan were arrested, and Jiang fled and hid in a new ditch. On June 5438+00, Wuchang Uprising, the whole city recovered. In June, 5438+02, he rushed back to Wuchang and served as military adviser and liaison ambassador of Hubei military government, running between Wuchang and Hankou. It is planned to expand the military and civilians and form two volunteers to defend Hankou and Hanyang. Announced his appointment as Deputy Minister of Military Affairs of Hubei Military Government. 165438+1October 27th, Hanyang fell, and Huang Xing left Korea and was promoted to supervisor of wartime general headquarters, and later took over as commander-in-chief of nursing. He was quickly ousted from the stage and was appointed as the ambassador of the northern army in the Han Dynasty.

19 12 In June, in order to oppose Yuan Shikai's autocracy, safeguard democracy and strengthen revolutionary forces, the Literary Society was merged into the League. Deputy to the National People's Congress and heir to the Minister of Communications of Hankou. Yuan made him a military adviser, two men and a general, but he refused to accept his resignation. 65438+February, hosted the popular newspaper, yellow, suppression.

19 13 "Song case" occurred. In July, he returned to Hunan to participate in the "Second Revolution" and served as the special envoy of Hubei, Henan and Anhui. He was stationed in Yueyang and wanted to take Jingxiang, pound Wuhan and spy on Henan. After the failure, he was wanted. On August 29th, he went south to xing an, the state capital of Guangxi, was arrested by the Governor Qin Buqu and escorted to Guilin. When Li heard the news, he called Yuan Shikai to ask for "quick handling", and Yuan Sui ordered Lu Rongting, the governor of Guangxi, to "shoot on the spot". On September 9, he wrote four poems, a suicide note and a poem of despair, and died heroically outside Lizemen, Guilin.

19 16 was buried in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha. 192 1 year, the governor of Guilin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, went to pay his respects, set up a monument to commemorate it, and wrote a book "The Death of Jiang Yiwu, the Father of the Nation".

Jiang Yiwu, the father of the Republic of China.

Jiang Yiwu, formerly known as Bokui, also known as Baoxiang, 1885, was born in Jiangjiamiao, Lizhou (now Lixian), Hunan Province, and was born in a long history family. When his father Jiang Gaonan was young, he went to a small oil mill in Dinggong Bridge in the city to study soybean oil skin. The old shopkeeper has no children. After his death, Jiang Gaonan accepted their meager property. Jiang Yiwu is the eldest son. In order to cultivate his growth, his father saved money and sent him to a private school, while his four younger brothers went out as apprentices.

Jiang Yiwu has been very clever since he was a child. After more than ten years of private school education, he is familiar with poetry books and can also write good words in ancient Chinese. He hopes to enter the official career through the imperial examination, but he is not interested in the imperial examination. 1903 entered lizhou senior primary school, and was admitted to Changde Hunan west road normal school with the first place the following year. At this time, the revolutionary trend of thought has prevailed in northwest Hunan. Jiang Yiwu read Ten Days in Yangzhou, Jiading Slaughterhouse and Soul of the Yellow Emperor, which were banned by the Qing government. He accepted bourgeois nationalism and democracy and had revolutionary ambitions to overthrow the Qing government.

On one occasion, officials came to the school to give lectures and warned students not to learn from Hong (ornaments) and Yang (ornaments), but to learn from Zeng Guofan and ornaments. Jiang Yiwu, who is full of blood, stood up in public and retorted: "Hong Yang, a national hero; Zeng Zuo, a national sinner! Does anyone scold heroes and imitate sinners? " His words made the official tongue-tied, but won the respect of his classmates.

This year, Huaxing Club and Wuchang Tutoring Center were ready to launch an uprising, and Jiang Yiwu participated in the planning. However, the uprising was secret, and the Qing government was looking for revolutionaries, so Jiang Yiwu had to flee to his hometown.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/905, Jiang Yiwu came to Shanghai to study. Because the Japanese government discriminated against Japanese students, students studying in China returned home one after another, so he had to stay in Shanghai. The following spring, some foreign students founded China Public School in Wusong, and he entered this school. There are many revolutionaries in China University, and Jiang Yiwu has frequent contact with them, and his revolutionary thoughts are relatively mature. He and his classmates organized a competition club and joined the China League through Liu Yaocheng's introduction.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/909, Liu Yaocheng went to Hankou to help Zhan Dabei take over the Business Daily, and Jiang Yiwu went to Hankou with Liu Qu. The revolutionary activities in Hankou are very active. Many revolutionaries lurked in the new army, formed groups and accumulated strength, which made many officers and men accept revolutionary ideas. When Jiang Yiwu arrived in Hankou, there was a revolutionary group called Qunzhishe in the new army. In order to join this group, Zhan Dabei went to western Hubei as a reporter, because the 4 1 standard where the president of this society is located was stationed there, and the three met the member of this society, Dr. Cai, in Qianjiang. Cai wrote to introduce them to go back to Wuchang to find and stay with Li, the head of the regiment. After Tianmen, Jiang Yiwu decided to join the army. He was introduced to the 3rd Battalion Left Team of the 41st Bid Section.

Shortly after Jiang Yiwu and others joined, the activities of the group scholarship society suffered setbacks. 19 10 In September, it was reorganized into Zhenwu Society, and Yang was promoted to president. However, Zhenwuhui was also banned by the Qing government. Yang was forced to leave and accepted the task. Subsequently, Zhenwu Society was renamed "Literature Society" to cover revolutionary activities in the name of "uniting comrades to study literature". 1911March 15, the Literary Society held a formal inaugural meeting with the Literary Society in Xiaodongmen, Wuchang. Jiang Yiwu was promoted to President, Wang Xianzhang to Vice President and Liu Yao to Chief of Staff.

After the establishment of the literary society, it actively expanded its organization and carried out activities. Soon, all the standard battalions of the new army had members and organizations of the literary society. At that time, the new army in Wuhan had a town and a mixed association, with a total of 1.5 million soldiers, and members of the literary society accounted for more than 1.5. Under the leadership of Jiang Yiwu, literary societies formed a powerful revolutionary group, which formed considerable fighting capacity for the anti-Qing armed uprising.

19 1 1 in may, the Qing government announced that the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Guangdong railway would be nationalized, which was opposed by the people of Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong provinces, and the road protection movement rose rapidly. The road protection movement in Sichuan was the most severe, and later it directly developed into an anti-Qing armed uprising, which opened the prelude to the Revolution of 1911. 1911On September 24th, the Literary Society and the leading cadres of another revolutionary group in Hubei held a joint meeting in Rouge Lane, Wuchang. At the meeting, Gong Liu, the leader of the * * Committee, was elected as the Prime Minister of the military government, Jiang Yiwu was appointed as the temporary commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army, and Sun Wuren, another leader of the * * Committee, was appointed as the chief of staff. The preparations for the uprising were carried out by the command organs composed of these two groups.

Jiang Yiwu did not attend the joint meeting. At that time, he went to Yuezhou (now Yueyang) with the troops, and decided to take command only after the uprising of 10 in June.

The authorities sent someone to inform him to return to Wuhan to preside over the uprising. On the morning of October 9th, 65438/KLOC-0, Jiang Yiwu returned to Wuchang and listened to Liu Yaocheng's introduction on the preparations for the uprising. Liu conveyed the opinion of Huang Xing, the military leader of the League, that Hubei should revolt at the same time with other provinces, but the coordination work has not been completed, and Hubei should suspend the uprising. Jiang Yiwu thought that the uprising should be carried out cautiously and simultaneously with the provinces, so he also advocated postponing the uprising.

At noon that day, they had just had lunch when suddenly someone came to report: "The organs and departments in Hankou were careless!" " "It turns out that when Sun Wu and others made bombs for the uprising in Baoshan, Hankou, they accidentally exploded and Sun Wu was injured. The explosion alarmed the Russian patrol in Hankou Concession, and they quickly came to arrest people. Although Sun Wu was rescued, the flags, registers, seals and all kinds of confidential documents used in the uprising were copied away. This incident exposed the revolutionary's uprising plan. When Jiang Yiwu learned the truth, he thought about how to deal with it. At this time, it's almost 5 pm. Seeing that the uprising was about to be aborted and the lives of thousands of revolutionary comrades were at stake, Jiang Yiwu resolutely decided to hold an uprising that night. He immediately drafted the uprising order, and copied more than 20 copies and sent them out respectively. The uprising order requires revolutionary armed forces to capture three towns in Wuhan. After hearing the gunshots outside Zhonghe City, they will capture their respective targets separately, focusing on the Chu Wangtai armory and the Qing government departments.

At night 1 1, several people were making various preparations when someone knocked at the door. Someone said, "Come and meet your master." Jiang Yiwu felt that things had been exposed and said to others, "water under the bridge!" Pick up the bomb and rush downstairs. Liu Yaocheng grabbed two bombs in his hand and threw them at the police who broke into the house, but the bombs didn't explode and failed to stop the influx of a large number of police. There was a fight, and most of the command organs were taken to the police station. Jiang Yiwu said to the police officer, "I'm here to watch the fun. Why was I arrested? " When the police officer saw his robe, short jacket and long braid, he let his guard down. As soon as the police left, Jiang Yiwu jumped over the wall and ran away.

Jiang Yiwu thought that the uprising could not be launched, and staying in Wu Hanyou would be life-threatening, so he left Wuhan by boat. But the uprising soldiers who lost their command launched an uprising that night and fought all night, and finally occupied Wuchang the next day. When Jiang Yiwu heard the news of the uprising on the ship, he abandoned the ship and returned to Wuhan for command.

/kloc-arrived in Wuhan in the early hours of 0/2, and found that the revolutionaries had promoted Li, the new army association, as the governor of Hubei, set up the Hubei military government in the consultation bureau, and immediately went to * * * to discuss plans, jointly plan to defend the Qing army attack, and promote the uprising response in various places. He went to Hankou to instigate the Qing army in the name of Hubei and Henan. Hankou was captured by the Qing army, and he organized a patrol to rush to the front to fight against the Qing army. Later, the defenders of Hankou and Hanyang were defeated by Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army. The wartime commander-in-chief Huang Xing resigned, and Jiang Yiwu was ousted by revolutionaries, saving the crisis.

165438+1October 28th, served as chief guard, commanding and defending Wuchang. On February 6, 65438, due to the armistice between the Qing government and the revolutionary army, Jiang resigned as commander-in-chief and stayed in Hankou in the name of Zhaofu Ambassador. 1965438+In February 2002, the revolutionaries negotiated successfully with Yuan Shikai, and Jiang was appointed as the second minister of military affairs.

At this time, Yuan Shikai stole the post of temporary president of the Republic of China and gradually exposed his true face of counter-revolution. In order to deal with revolutionaries, he also secretly formed a relationship with Yuan Shikai. In order to support Li He and destroy the revolutionaries in Hubei, Yuan Shikai adopted the strategy of diverting the East from the West. In June, he invited Jiang Yiwu to Beijing as a senior military adviser to the temporary presidential palace. Before he left, Jiang Yiwu held the last general meeting of literary society members to decide the future and outlet of this revolutionary group. At the initiative of Jiang Yiwu, everyone unanimously decided to join the revolutionary party-China League.

Jiang Yiwu did nothing all day in Beijing, and took an uncooperative attitude towards Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai awarded him two honours, a lieutenant general and a rank, and he was not politely refused. In August, the League and four other political groups jointly established the Kuomintang, and Jiang Yiwu was promoted to the Senate. He agreed with Song's political ideas, thinking that this could limit Yuan Shikai's power and avoid dictatorship. 19 13 At the beginning of this year, the Kuomintang gained an advantage in the parliamentary elections. Song, south to promote their own political ideas, but also to Shanghai, Wuhan to lobby people to support the Kuomintang. On March 20, Song was stabbed to death by Yuan Shikai, feeling that Yuan Shikai's dictatorship could not be stopped by the parliament and the party cabinet.

In July, the Kuomintang launched the second revolution against Yuan Shikai's dictatorship, when Jiang Yiwu was visiting his parents in Lixian County. At home, he received a telegram from his friend urging him to go to Changsha to launch Hunan independence.

He said to his parents, "My son vowed to kill the thief to keep him safe, otherwise he could not live." On July 25th, Hunan declared its independence. He was appointed as the special envoy of Hubei, Henan and Anhui and sent to Yueyang to dispatch troops. Tan Yan, Governor of Hunan Province? Although he joined the Kuomintang, he didn't really oppose Yuan. Although independence was declared, there was no active military preparation. After defeating Yuan Jun in Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other places, Hunan announced the cancellation of independence on August 12. When Jiang Yiwu returned to Changsha, things were irreversible and he had to flee Hunan with other revolutionaries. Everyone else took a boat down the Yangtze River via Hankou. Jiang Yiwu thought Hankou was too dangerous, and there were too many people who knew him there, so he decided to divert to Guangxi for Hong Kong.

Jiang Yiwu arrived in Tangjiachong, Xing 'an, which belongs to Quanzhou, Guangxi, and was arrested by the garrison commanding Qinbu. He was escorted from Quanzhou to Guilin. Qin Buqu was very excited when he learned that the arrested person was Jiang Yiwu, a criminal wanted by Yuan Shikai. Faced with Jiang's close surveillance, he telegraphed Yuan Shikai for a reward. When his friend heard the news, he immediately asked Gui Jun's teacher to intercede. Chen said that Jiang was a wanted man and could not practice favoritism. He was only allowed to live in another room, and Liu was assigned to take special care of him. Soon, Yuan Shikai ordered Gui Department to shoot Jiang Yiwu on the spot. Chen Bing? Liu was ordered to show Yuan Shikai's telegram and told him that he would be executed the next day. Without fear, he talked with Liu about the necessity of arming Yuan, and thought that if Yuan was not removed, it would certainly harm the Republic of China. Ask Liu for paper and pen, write down his will and name his posthumous son.

The next day, it was very hot and he said to Liu, "This fast (Liu's word) is too hot. Can it be done at night to avoid sudden death at noon? " Liu agreed. At four o'clock in the afternoon, the Liu family was preparing dinner and entertaining Jiang with brandy. Chiang Kai-shek doesn't care about the impending death. He ate happily, drank happily and even got a little drunk. After dinner, he was taken to Li Zemen in Guilin and executed. The executioner is the battalion adjutant Huang, and the executioner is the battalion adjutant Lu. The soldiers stood around and there were countless onlookers. Wearing a silk shirt and trousers, Jiang Yiwu sat quietly on the red carpet and told the audience the revolutionary truth. He was impassioned, the audience was moved, and some people were in tears. The executed soldiers listened attentively and refused to shoot. The leading platoon leader, worried that things would change, suddenly took out his pistol and shot Jiang Yiwu from behind, and Jiang Yiwu died. My friend is Jiang Yiwu, and the date is1965438+September 9, 2003.

Before being executed, Jiang Yiwu wrote four desperate poems, two of which read: "Where was the heroism at that time?" ? So angry! Well, my silence is over, and I am free to scream with my sword tip. ""in late autumn, the dust roots are broken, and the Central Plains has no owner to worry about! Who can support the country? Only mourning for water. "In the poem, he felt sorry for his unfulfilled ambition and felt sad for the regime falling into Yuan Shikai's hands. He can't achieve his revolutionary goal, and the whole poem is covered with a layer of sadness.

Jiang Yiwu died at the age of 28. Has been commemorated by the public since his death. 192 1 year, during the northern expedition in Guilin, Sun Yat-sen ordered the erection of a monument for Jiang Yiwu, and wrote the words "Jiang Yiwu, the father of our country, passed away" on the monument. 19 16 after the victory of the national defense war, Jiang Yiwu's body was buried in Changsha, and the white marble tomb tower standing on Yuelu Mountain is still telling people about this hero's revolutionary achievements.