Zheng Yuzi’s Classical Chinese Essays

1. Zheng Shangzi Xunzi divided rhythm into classical Chinese essays

Candidates lose more points when it comes to the rhythm of classical Chinese reading. The main reason is that the candidates have no rules to follow when answering questions, and they naturally have no bottom in their minds. .

In fact, there are rules for dividing the rhythm of reading aloud in classical Chinese: 1. There should be a pause after the associated word or modal particle at the beginning of the sentence. Such as: (1) I don’t know that the prefect enjoys it ("The Drunkard Pavilion") (2) Ruofu/the rain is falling ("The Story of Yueyang Tower") (3) Gai/Dasu/Fan Chibiyun ("The Story of the Drunkard Pavilion") "He Zhou Ji") (4) "And if you want to be like Chang Ma, you can't get it" ("Ma Shuo") "And" in example (1) is a transitional conjunction, and "Ruofu" in examples (2) ~ (4) "Gai" and "Qie" are modal particles.

2. Some ancient and modern synonyms must be separated when reading aloud. For example: (1) And / the birth of a neighbor / day frowning ("Snake Catcher's Story") (2) in / between / the sound of collapse ("Float Skills") The "birthday" in example (1) is The meaning of "living day by day" is different from the current meaning of "birthday"; the "middle" in example (2) means "mixed in the middle", which is different from the current meaning of "in the middle".

They must all be disconnected when reading aloud. In addition, words such as "so" in "Heaven will give great responsibilities to people" and "can" in "can fight" all fall into this category.

3. There is usually a pause between the subject and the predicate, the predicate and the object, and the complement. For example: (1) Chi/Feibu Shenye ("If you gain the right path, you will get many help, but if you lose the right path, you will get few help") (2) Yiguang/Xiandi's legacy ("Chu Shi Biao") (3) Sui/Xu Xiandi/Yicuchi ("Chu Shi Biao") ) Example (1) is the pause between subject and predicate, and examples (2) and (3) are the pause between predicates.

4. Pause is generally required for areas that need to be emphasized. For example: (1) Worry about the world first ("Yueyang Tower") (2) Be invincible to foreign patients ("Born in sorrow, die in peace and happiness") In example (1), "first" and then pause, is In order to emphasize the theme of worrying before others worry; in example (2), "out" is closely related to the entire sentence, and there should be a pause to highlight the meaning of the entire sentence.

5. "Ye" when used in a sentence indicates a pause tone, and you should pause when reading aloud. For example: Yu Wenzhiye/Jiu ("Shang Zhongyong") "Ye" in the example sentence is used as a modal particle, which plays the role of soothing the tone and pause in the sentence.

6. There is usually a pause at the omitted part in an omitted sentence. For example: (1) One of the dogs is sitting in front of you ("Wolf") (2) He must be / divided into people ("Cao GUI's Discussion") (3) This person / one by one / is / specific about what he has heard ("Peach Blossom Spring") 》) In Example (1), "Wolf" is omitted after "Qi"; Example (2) "Zhi" is omitted after "Yi"; Example (3) After the preposition "Wei", the object "人 in Peach Blossom Spring" is omitted. ", there is a slight pause after "wei" to reflect the omission of the object.

7. There should be a slight pause between parallel phrases. For example: (1) Anzhi/Tinglan, Yuyu/green ("Yueyang Tower") (2) There are fertile fields/beautiful ponds/mulberry and bamboo/genus ("Peach Blossom Spring") "Anzhi" in example (1) is the same as "Tinglan", "Yuyu" and "Qingqing" are parallel phrases; "fertile land", "beautiful pond" and "mulberry bamboo" in example (2) are parallel phrases.

8. Ancient country names, era names, official positions, personal names, place names, etc. should be paused. For example: (1) Yushan/Wang Yishu Yuanfu/engraved ("The Story of Nuclear Boat") (2) Chen Kangshu Gong/Yao Zi/Shan She ("The Oil Seller") Example (1) "Yushan", the name of the mountain.

"Wang Yi Shuyuanfu", his surname is Wang Yi and his given name is Shuyuan. "Fu" is a good name for men in ancient times.

Example (2) "Chen Yaozi", posthumous name Kangshu. "Gong" is an old respectful title for men.

Because Chen was Ouyang Xiu’s predecessor, his name and posthumous title were combined to show respect. In short, there are certain rules to follow for the pause rhythm of classical Chinese writing, but another important point is that the meaning of the text must be correctly understood, because this is the prerequisite for determining the pause rhythm of classical Chinese writing.

I hope that students can lay a solid foundation in classical Chinese while summing up their experience, so that they can have a good sense of literary language, so that they can easily master the rhythm of classical Chinese pauses. 21. Take into account the meaning of chapters. Four-character poems can be divided into "two or two" according to meaning or rhythm, such as: life/geometry, days gone by/suffering. Five-character poems can be divided into "two and three" according to the units of meaning, such as: Asking the girl/what she is thinking.

According to the rhythm unit, it can be divided into "two-two-one" such as: desert/lonely smoke/straight; or "two-one-two" such as: raising head/looking at/bright moon. Seven-character poems can be divided into "four and three" according to their meanings, such as: green mountains on both sides of the strait/coming out opposite each other.

According to the rhythm, it can be divided into "two two two one", such as: spring breeze/budu/yumen/guan; or "two two one two" such as: life/since ancient times/who/no death. 2. Use the characteristics of ancient Chinese words to make pauses.

1. Use the multi-single-stanza words in ancient Chinese to make pauses. For example: Heaven will give great responsibilities to people.

Correct reading rhythm: heaven/will/drop/great responsibility/yu/is a person. 2. Use the ancient and modern meanings of the words to make pauses.

For example: He led his wife to come to this desperate situation. The ancient meaning of "wife" refers to "wife and children", not "wife" as we call it today.

The reading rhythm of this sentence is: the rate/wife/son/people/come to this desperate situation. Another example: We can fight.

"Ke" means it is possible, and "Yi" means "relying on". Different from the voluntary verb "can" in modern Chinese, the rhythm when read aloud is: can / 为一 battle.

Nothing can be said about other ancestors who have accumulated wealth and whose descendants have abandoned it. 3. There should be a pause after the modal particle at the beginning of the sentence.

In the article, there are sentences that express the tone of discussion, inference, rhetorical question, etc. If there are words such as "husband, Gai, Qi" in front of them, pause after these words. For example: If the sun rises, the forest will bloom.

"Ruofu" is the modal particle at the beginning of the sentence, which should be followed by a pause when reading aloud. The rhythm of reading this sentence is: Ruofu/The sun rises and the forest falls. If there are others: (1) Ruofu/霪雨霜霏.

(2) What are they like earth and rocks? (3). Cover/Dasu pan-red clouds. (4), Gai/Zhui Xiandi’s special encounter.

(5), Therefore/A gentleman will not fight if he wants. 4. "Ye" is used as a modal particle in a sentence and should be followed by a pause.

For example: I have heard about it for a long time. The rhythm when this sentence is read aloud is: I have heard it for a long time.

If "ye" is mistakenly regarded as the adverbial adverbial before the predicate, it is easy to misread it as: I heard it/Yejiu. 5. Before the transition conjunction "er", there is usually a slight pause.

(1) Later/the wolf stopped and/the wolf came again. (2) People don’t know/are not stunned.

(3) The late emperor died half way through his business. 3. Use grammatical structures to make pauses.

When reading ancient Chinese, on the basis of understanding the meaning of the sentence, you can analyze the structure of the sentence components and determine what components the words or phrases that make up the sentence serve in the sentence, so as to grasp the pause of the sentence. There should be a pause between subject and predicate.

For example: (1) The late emperor/did not treat his ministers as despicable. (2) I regard it as chaotic.

In verb-object phrases, the verb and object should be separated. 2. Translation of "Zheng Qi" in classical Chinese

Resting in a pavilion midway: "Such a beautiful scenery."

The people accompanying him said to Zheng Jinyin: "Only Liu Jing was lagging behind." Three miles. Zheng Jin recommended him to become the provincial Qing-level scholar of Pifa Temple.

When he was eighteen or nineteen years old, Zheng Jinyin became the censor. When he was more than ten years old. "Zheng Jin joked with Liu Jing that he eventually became prime minister.

It was just after the rain and the sky cleared up." After saying self-examination, he made another salute. Liu Jing's articles were all very beautiful? "So he returned to the pavilion.

This time he returned to the capital for his inspection, but he did not compose a poem: "It was really because I saw you admiring the scenery that I became interested: "Liu Jing will be a talent in the future. He suddenly found the pavilion." I have already written a quatrain on it.

Zheng Jin left after praising it for a long time. The standard of accommodation and food is no different from yours. The springs and rocks are particularly beautiful. "Three years later, I want to write a poem to the pavilion. A poem? "Liu Jing said goodbye and said that he later took the imperial examination and was admitted. Overlooking the mountains and rivers, he was beside Zheng Jinyin managing pens, inks, inkstones and other study tools.

The son born to Liu Jing was Liu Zhan. Zheng Jinyin sat for a long time. Zheng Jinyin said to his descendant Zheng Han: "Is it you who wrote the question? The ink was not dry yet, so I got up and walked five or six miles.

Zheng Jin was surprised by the excellent performance of this poem. From now on, let him go to the academy with you. After passing the imperial examination, he was admitted and went to inspect Shangshan in Jingbu. What's the point of just watching the sky dark? Relationship, the mountains are beautiful and the rocks are amazing, so I specially wrote this poem inscribed on it. Zheng Han and others said it. At that time, there were no pedestrians in the north or south. Liu Zhan's father was a poor scholar, and he must have made superhuman achievements in literature.

I no longer treat him as a servant. 3. The Wife of Buzi in Classical Chinese

Original text

Buzi, a native of Zheng County, made his wife wear trousers. His wife asked, "How are the trousers like today?" The husband said, "Xiang" My old trousers. "My wife ruined her new trousers and made her old trousers the same."

The market is over, buy turtles and return. After crossing Yingshui, he thought he was thirsty, so he drank it and the turtle died.

Translation

Buzi, a native of Zheng County, asked his wife to make trousers. His wife asked: "What kind of trousers are you making now?" The husband said: "Like me The new trousers were ruined and looked like his old trousers.

The wife of Mr. Bu, a native of Zheng County, went to the market and bought a turtle to take home. When passing by the Ying River, she thought the turtle was thirsty, so she let it drink water, and then lost her turtle.

?

Principle:

Tell people to be flexible and not stick to dogma. 4. Translation of the classical Chinese version of "The Biography of Zheng Shishi"

Original text "The Biography of Zheng Shishi" Zheng Shishi's courtesy name was Zhuang, and he was a native of Chen.

First of all, Zheng Jun was appointed as a general of Xiang Ji. After his death, he belonged to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Gaozu ordered all the ministers to register their names, but Lord Zheng alone did not follow the edict.

The imperial edict ordered all those who worshiped the officials to be officials, and expelled Lord Zheng. Zheng Zhuang was pleased to be appointed as a knight. He escaped Zhang Yu's misfortune and became famous among Liang and Chu.

During the reign of Xiaojing, he sacrificed his life for the prince.

Every fifth day, I would place a post horse in the suburbs of Chang'an to express my gratitude to my old friends. I would work day and night until the next morning, and I might not be able to see them all.

Zhuang Hao said that Huang Lao said that he admired the elders as if he was afraid that he would not see them. He is a young man with a low official position, but he has a lot of acquaintances in his travels, all of whom are his great father, and he is a famous person in the world.

When Emperor Wu was established, Zhuang Shaoqian was promoted to lieutenant of Lu, prefect of Jinan, and prime minister of Jiangdu, and to Jiuqing, he was appointed as the right internal history officer. At the time of the discussion between Wu'an Hou and Wei Qi, he was demoted to Zhan Shi and moved to Da Nong Order.

Zhuang was the Taishi and warned his followers: "When guests arrive, no matter how high or low they are, there will be no one left behind." He treats his servants with the courtesy of a guest and host, and treats his servants with dignity.

Zhuang Lian does not manage his property, but relies on gifts to the princes. However, the gifts given to the bereaved are nothing more than food.

Every time in the dynasty, the ministers talk to each other, saying that they are the elders in the world. He recommends officials and officials to the history of the prime minister, and his words are sincere and meaningful, and he often thinks that he is wiser than himself.

If you are not a well-known official, talk to the officials, if you are afraid of hurting them. Hear people's kind words and move forward, lest you fall behind.

The scholars in Shandong called it Zhengzhuang. The envoy of Zhengzhuang inspected the river and asked for treatment for five days.

It said: "I heard that 'Zheng Zhuang travels for thousands of miles without food'. Why should I ask for help?" However, when Zheng Zhuang was in the court, he always tried to be conciliatory and agreed, and he did not dare to seduce him. In the late festival, the Han Dynasty conquered the Xiongnu and recruited barbarians from all over the world. There was a lot of money in the world and a shortage of money.

The village’s guests are all big farmers, and they are often cowardly. Sima An was the governor of Huaiyang and reported the incident. Zhuang used it to frame him and redeem him as a commoner.

In a short time, the history will be guarded. He was considered old by his superiors and appointed Zhuang as the prefect of Runan.

A few years old, he died as an official. After his death, his family had no money left.

Translation Zheng Shi was born in Chenjun County with the courtesy name Zhuang. His ancestor Zheng Jun was once a general of Xiang Ji; Xiang Ji was defeated and died, and soon the world belonged to the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, ordered his subordinates who were originally from Xiang Ji to call Xiang Ji by his first name. Only Zheng Jun refused to accept the edict.

Liu Bang issued an edict to appoint all those who addressed Xiang Ji by his first name as senior officials, and exiled Zheng Jun. Zheng Zhuang is proud of his righteousness and chivalry.

Because he helped Zhang Yu when he was in trouble, he became famous in the Liang and Chu areas. During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, he held the position of Prince Sheren.

Every five days off. I often prepare horses on the outskirts of Chang'an, greet old friends, visit or thank guests, work day and night, and often stay up all night, and I am often afraid that I will not be well entertained.

Zheng Zhuang likes the teachings of Huangdi and Laozi. He admires the older and virtuous people for him (he often rushes to visit them), as if he is afraid that he will not be able to see them in time. Although he is young and has a low official status, his close friends are all from his grandfather's generation and are very famous in the country.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, Zheng Zhuang was gradually promoted to the lieutenant of Lu, the prefect of Jinan, and the prime minister of Jiangdu, until he was appointed as the internal historian of the Nine Ministers. Because he commented on the dispute between Wu'an Hou Tianfan and Wei Qihou Dou Yao (failed to always stick to his own opinion), he was demoted to Zhan Shi and then promoted to Da Nong Ling.

When Zheng Zhuang was appointed as Taishi, he warned his subordinates: "When a guest arrives, regardless of his status, (must be notified immediately), don't let him wait at the door." He treated the guests with the courtesy of host and guest. , treat others humbly with your noble status.

Zheng Zhuang is very honest and does not like to buy properties. He only relies on the emperor's rewards to provide for his customers. However, the items given to others are nothing more than a basket of food.

Every time he meets the emperor. Whenever possible, praise China's loyal elders.

He recommended scholars and their ministers and historians, always speaking in a cordial and interesting manner, and often praised their talents and virtues, thinking that they were better than himself. He never addresses his subordinates by their first names and talks to them as if he is afraid of hurting them.

When I heard good things from others, I immediately recommended them to the emperor. For fear of falling behind and being delayed.

The scholars east of Mount Wei unanimously praised Zheng Zhuang. Zheng Zhuang was sent to inspect the situation of the Yellow River breach, and he asked for five days' leave to prepare his luggage.

Emperor Wu said: "I heard that 'Zheng Zhuang does not need to bring food with him when he goes out, even if he is thousands of miles away.' Why do you ask to prepare your luggage?" However, Zheng Zhuang often greeted people in the court. He did not dare to make a clear decision about Emperor Wu's will. In his later years, the Han Dynasty conquered the Xiongnu and recruited and surrendered the surrounding minority tribes. The country spent a lot of money and the country's finances became increasingly scarce.

The people recommended by Zheng Zhuang and his guests, who were responsible for transportation under the Da Nong Order, owed a lot of debt to the public. Sima An was appointed governor of Huaiyang.

This matter was exposed, and Zheng Zhuang was convicted. After atonement, he was dismissed from office and became a commoner. Soon, he temporarily served as the chief inspector.

Emperor Wu thought he was too old and appointed him as the governor of Runan. He died in office a few years later, with no belongings left in his family.

Entry album and more albums. 5. Zheng Zhiyi’s classical Chinese reading and translation

Zheng Zhiyi, whose nickname is Nahuai, is the son of Zheng Ding. He is intelligent, dignified, measured and proficient in Mongolian language.

In the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty, he inherited his father's duties and served as a guard for thousands of households in Taiyuan and Pingyang. He still guarded Ezhou and was also in charge of government affairs. In the 19th year, the imperial court was about to conquer Japan and built building ships in Hejiazhou.

The island is small, and everyone demands that nearby residents be moved away.

He refused and moved the shipbuilding yard to a wider area. The residents praised him.

Fires broke out many times in the city. Someone said to Zhengyi: "We are afraid that criminals will take the opportunity to cause trouble. The suspects should be arrested and severely punished." Zhengyi said: "We only need to keep a tight defense. Why are we so guilty?" Innocent."

The fire was still extinguished without whipping anyone. There are thieves lurking in the suburbs, committing robbery morning and evening, and they say they are coming to the city.

Suddenly, several men came in from outside the city. They looked around and behaved abnormally. The police ordered them to be arrested and imprisoned. No evidence was found during the interrogation. The provincial government believed that the wrong person had been arrested and wanted to release them, but Zhengyi refused.

On the second day when I went out to the east of the city, I met a man riding a white horse with unusual appearance and clothing. He was arrested and interrogated and confessed that he was the same as the other men arrested before. He was convicted and the people of the county obeyed and everything was fine. In the twenty-fourth year, Zhiyi Hu drove to Naiyan to march eastward, asking for revenge by killing the enemy.

Shizu said to his ministers: "His father died for the country, and he is the only son. Don't let him participate in the battle." He was more determined to fight, and had to let him follow Yue'er Lu Nayan as another son. In the army, he was awarded General Huaiyuan and Privy Council Judge for his military exploits.

In the twenty-fifth year, the ancestors came to the supreme capital. According to the original system: the Privy Council officials will accompany them, and one person will be left to handle the affairs of the court every year, but Han people are not allowed to participate.

At this time, we have to take measures. When Shiyi refused, Shizu said: "You are extraordinary than ordinary Han people."

Finally he stayed. In the 28th year, he was transferred to Huguang Province to participate in political affairs.

When he took office, the emperor said to him: "Your father died for the country and never gave you any reward. Recently, he was killed and his property, people and animals, were confiscated. You can take the best one." Go."

Zhengyi said, "He was defeated because of corruption. If I take the stolen goods, I will be defiled." The ancestor praised his integrity and gave him five thousand taels of platinum. Soon, the imperial censor was summoned to worship.

There were original pasture lands in Anxi, but the officials in charge of horse breeding took advantage of their power to occupy 100,000 hectares of civilian land. The people complained to the government, but could not solve the problem for many years. Deal with the situation according to the imperial edict, and make a fair judgment according to the atlas.

In the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhiyi was appointed as the Deputy Privy Envoy of Huguangxing. Hunan has a vast territory and long roads, so bandits take advantage of the dangers. People in Zhaozhou, Hezhou and Luling often suffer from them.

Zhang Yi led a small army to patrol these two states, passing through Luling and Yongxin. He captured the bandit leader and his followers, and they were all executed according to law. Tan Jilong from the tea village gathered some rogue teenagers, secretly hid weapons and committed crimes. They were arrested and his family bribed the government in order not to rush to punishment.

Zhiyi used all the bribes to labor the army, and beheaded Tan Jilong in public. Since then, there have been no more thieves in Hunan.

In the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), according to the regulations: the Privy Council added a deputy envoy, who signed the document with the governor, and he was jointly responsible. The situation is that the additional deputy envoy is a non-permanent official, and the original deputy envoy should be dismissed.

Soon after entering the dynasty, he was given the title of staying in charge of most of the officials, taking charge of the Shaofu Supervisor, and also served as the commander of the military guards and pro-army forces, and managed the affairs of the farming community. In the seventh year of Dade (1303), an earthquake occurred in Jin, especially in Pingyang, which crushed many people to death.

Zhang Yi was ordered to go to the disaster area and traveled day and night to take a shortcut to the disaster area. After arriving in the disaster area, he went deep into the people, comforted the injured and distributed grain and silk.

Ten years later, Zhengyi died of illness at the age of forty-seven. He was given the title of Zhong Zanzhi, Yinqing Ronglu, Pingzhang Zhengshi, Ze Guogong, and his posthumous title Zhongxuan. 6. Classical Chinese translation of "Zheng Wei"

Translation of "Zheng Wei": Liu Zhan's father was a poor scholar. When he was more than ten years old, he managed pens, inkstones, inkstones and other study utensils beside Zheng Wei.

When he was eighteen or nineteen years old, Zheng Qiyin became the censor and went to inspect Shangshan in Jingbu. During the trip, he rested in a pavilion and overlooked the mountains and rivers. It had just rained and the sky was clear. The mountains were beautiful and the rocks were beautiful. The springs and rocks were particularly beautiful.

Zheng Wei sat for a long time, got up and walked five or six miles, saying: "It's such a beautiful scenery, but I haven't written a poem. What does it matter if I watch it until it gets dark?" So he returned to the pavilion and wanted to Write a poem on the pavilion. He suddenly discovered that a quatrain had been inscribed on the pavilion, and the ink had not yet dried.

Zheng Qi was surprised by how well this poem was written. At that time, there were no pedestrians in the north or south direction.

The people accompanying him said to Zheng Wei, "Only Liu Jing was two or three miles behind just now." Zheng Wei joked with Liu Jing and said, "Did you ask the question?" Liu Jing bowed and said. : "It was because I saw you enjoying the scenery that I became interested in it, so I specially composed this humble poem and inscribed it on it."

After saying self-examination, he bowed again. Zheng Qi admired it for a long time before leaving.

After returning to the capital during this inspection, Zheng Wei said to his descendants Zheng Han, Zheng Han and others: "Liu Jing will be a talent in the future, and he will definitely have superhuman achievements in literature. From now on, let him and You come to the academy together, and the accommodation and food standards are no different from yours. I will no longer treat him as a servant." Three years later, Liu Jing's articles were very beautiful and he was admitted to the imperial examination. Admission. Zheng Qi recommended him to become the provincial clear-level scholar of Pifa Temple.

The son born to Liu Jing was Liu Zhan. He later took the imperial examination and was admitted, and finally became the prime minister. Extended content: Zheng Wei (752-829) was a young man with extraordinary ambitions, good at literature, and made friends with all the famous people in the world.

Promote Jinshi and gain high rank. Tired of moving to Zhongshushe.

Xianzong ascended the throne and paid homage to Tong Zhongshu's disciple Ping Zhangshi. He lived in Xiangfan for four years.

Later, he came from Hezhong Jiedu to serve as the inspector Zuopushe. He abides by the Tao and has few desires, manages affairs in a pragmatic manner, and is praised by the world for his virtue.

In Taihe, he became an official as a prince and a tutor. After death, his posthumous title was Xuan.

He wrote three volumes of collected works ("New Tang Calligraphy and Literature") which have been handed down to the world. The original text of "Zheng Yi" is that Liu Zhan was the first, a poor scholar.

When he was about ten years old, he was in charge of writing inkstones around Zheng Wei. In the 18th and 19th years, as the censor, he visited Shangshan in Jingbu and rested in the horse pavilion, overlooking the mountains and rivers.

The rain is falling, the rocks are beautiful, and the springs and rocks are very good. After sitting for a long time, he started walking five or six miles.

He said: "I can't recite this wonderful summary, so why not do it too late?" But he returned to the pavilion and wanted to write a poem. Gu Jianyijue, dye Han is still wet.

I was amazed at how good it was. At that time, there were no travelers in the north or south, but Liu Jing was walking two or three miles behind.

Gong Xi said: "Isn't that true?" Jing Bai said: "It turns out that the imperial servants chanted and rewarded me, and they often had allegorical themes." He took the blame and worshiped again.

The public consultation left after a long time. When Bi returned to Jingque, his disciples Han and Han came down and said: "Liu Jing will be a genius in the future, and his literature will be extraordinary."

From now on, I can stay with you in the academy, sleep and eat everything, No different from you. I will no longer give instructions."

In the past three years, all the articles he wrote were excellent in rhetoric and reasoning. If he becomes famous again, he will be summoned to study in Pifa Temple and be promoted to the provincial level.

(Selected from "Taiping Guangji"). 7. A boy repelling mosquitoes in classical Chinese

It was a hot summer day on the rooftop, and he lay in the curtains of the banquet at night. The boy held the chariot in front of him, and fell asleep when he felt comfortable.

After a long time, the boy also fell asleep, leaning on the bed, and his voice was like thunder. I was frightened, thinking that the wind and rain were coming.

Sitting with my knees in my arms, I suddenly heard a flying sound beside my ears, like a song or a complaint, like a complaint or admiration. The hair is standing on end and the muscles are trembling; the hands are clasped together, and the palms are as wet as sweat.

If you smell it, it will be bloody. I was shocked and didn't know what to do.

The boy called out, "I am suffering from things, and I urgently need to get up a candle to shine." When the candle arrived, the curtains were all drawn.

Thousands of mosquitoes gathered around the curtain, and candles were scattered around like ants and flies, with sharp mouths and belly, full of red and round red. The boy scolded the boy and said, "Isn't this one of my blood? You were careless, and you opened the curtain and let it in.

And he's a different kind of person. How can you do any harm to others if you only guard against them?" The boy pulled out the wormwood. Put it away, put a fire on the end, and the smoke was thick. He turned left and right, walked around the bed several times, chased the mosquitoes out, and then said to Sheng, "It's time to sleep, the mosquitoes have gone." Sheng then brushed the mat and was about to go to bed. Calling to the sky, he sighed and said, "Could it be that Tianhu has produced such a tiny thing and is poisonous to people?" When the boy heard it, he laughed hoarsely and said, "Why should I treat myself too well, and why should Heaven's treat me too much?" , the two Qi Miao, shape and matter, are divided into characters.

The big one is the rhinoceros, the strange one is the dragon, the violent one is the tiger and leopard, the tame one is the elk and the mediocre marmoset, and the feathers are. Birds are beasts, naked and human, and they are all nourished. Although they are different in size and shape, they are all the same.

From a personal perspective, people are noble and things are cheap. , from the perspective of heaven and earth, who is noble and who is humble? Nowadays, people value themselves, and they are called Changxiong. All living things on land and water are high and humble, and mountains and seas offer tribute. Frogs should not escape their lives, and swan geese should not hide their traces. Those who eat food can be said to be in peace, but food alone cannot be eaten by humans? At this time, mosquitoes raise their beaks and call the sky to make food available to humans. Those who eat also cry out to heaven, so how should heaven punish people? Moreover, things are eaten by people, and people are eaten by things. It is still different.

Mosquitoes are still afraid and fearful. They dare not show their appearance during the day. They cannot be seen by others. They take advantage of people's sleepiness and seek after others. Now there are similar people who sip chestnuts and drink soup, which is the same; and animal wives who raise children are the same. ; There is no difference between them in their clothes, appearance, etc.

In the daytime, they sit among the same kind of people, suck their ointment, and eat their brains, leaving them hungry in the grass, wandering on the road, and calling to heaven. The voices are connected, and there is no sympathy for them. Today, I am always restless when sleeping. If I hear the appearance of the same kind but don't hear it, how can a gentleman follow others later? " [Classical Chinese Reference Translation] Tiantai Sheng Uncomfortable because of the hot weather.

At night, I was lying under a mosquito net made of fine kudzu, with the boy waving a big fan in front of me. It felt very comfortable, so I fell asleep. After a long time, the boy also fell asleep. He threw away the big fan and leaned against the bed, snoring like thunder.

Tiantai students woke up with a start, thinking that it was going to be windy and rainy, so they sat there hugging their knees. Soon, I heard a flying and chirping sound, which sounded like singing or talking, full of sorrow and yearning. Then it attacked Tiantai Sheng's arm, pierced into his flesh, and pounced. It hit his thigh and bit his face, making the hair on the roof stand on end and his muscles almost trembling.

Mr. Tiantai clapped his hands together hard. His palms were wet, as if they were sweat. When he smelled them, it turned out to be the fishy smell of blood! The student on Tiantai was startled and didn't know what to do, so he kicked the boy and called him, "I'm troubled by something. Please bring a candle to light it!" The candle came and the mosquito nets were all opened. It turned out that there were thousands of mosquitoes gathered near the mosquito net. When the mosquitoes saw the candlelight, they flew in all directions, like a swarm of ants or a bunch of flies, with their pointed mouths and full bellies, and their whole bodies swelled and turned red.

The student from Tiantai scolded the boy and said, "Aren't these the same things that bite and suck my blood? You were not careful enough to open the mosquito net and let them in! Besides, these things are aliens. If you take precautions, "How can they harm people?" The boy plucked some wormwood, tied it into a roll, and lit a fire at the end of the grass. The smoke swirled with the wind. The boy waved the wormwood around and around the bed several times. Drive the mosquitoes out the door. The boy reported back to Mr. Tiantai and said, "You can have a good sleep now. The mosquitoes have all been driven away."

Mr. Tiantai wiped the mat and was about to sleep when he suddenly called out to God and sighed: "God, why are you doing this?" Why do you want to give birth to such a little thing to hurt people?" The boy laughed and said, "Why do you take yourself so seriously and resent God so much? , produce changes, give it shape, give it essence, and distinguish people and things. The big animals are rhinos and elephants, the weird animals are dragons, the ferocious animals are tigers and leopards, and the tame animals are mice. Deer and golden monkeys; those with feathers are birds and beasts; those with naked hair are humans and insects; all have offerings.

Although there are differences in size and length, their bodies are placed between heaven and earth. , are all the same. If we look at it from the perspective of humans, we will think that humans are noble and animals are humble; if we look at it from the perspective of heaven and earth, are we humans really exalting themselves? , claims to be the ruler of heaven and earth; when dealing with objects and living species in land and water, he sets up bird nets at high places and fish nets at low places. The mountains provide supplies and the sea supplies them, so that frogs and striders cannot escape. Even the geese can't hide their tracks; humans eat too many animals, but can't animals eat humans? If a mosquito moves its mouth tonight, you will wail and accuse God.

If the animals that are eaten by humans also cry out and accuse God, what will God do if he wants to punish humans? "Besides, animals are eaten by humans, and humans are eaten by animals. , it's a different kind, it's fair to say. Moreover, mosquitoes are also cautious and fearful of people. They do not dare to reveal their presence in broad daylight, but hide in invisible places to observe people. They take advantage of people when they are tired and relaxed to pursue their plans! We are still human beings now, eating rice, millet, and drinking hot soup. This is the same thing! Feeding a wife and daughter, educating children, it’s the same thing! There is no difference in appearance or clothing! But human beings openly bully others in broad daylight when they have time to spare, sucking out their fat and brains, letting them starve to death in the grass, and leaving them homeless on the roads. There are constant shouts of shouting and screaming, but no one is there. Have mercy on them.

As soon as you are bitten by a mosquito, you will immediately have trouble sleeping.