What were the inventions in ancient China?

You don't have to ask! I tell you, you must adopt it! Solar storm-the earliest sunspot found in the Big Dipper-observation of comets-solar eclipse records the sun, the moon and the stars-the world's oldest calendar of Yin and Yang-the earliest and most complete calendar in existence-taichu calendar-an instrument for observing and demonstrating the apparent motion of Tugui celestial bodies-China's armillary sphere. Determination of the midday calendar revolution —— Shen Kuo's Twelve Qi Calendars is a wonderful work —— The astronomical instrument invented and developed by Guo Shoujing is the best calendar in ancient China —— Chronicle of Guo Shoujing —— Zhou Gong's observation —— Establishment of an observatory —— China's earliest mathematical monograph —— weekly precise calculation —— nine chapters of arithmetic. The angle multiplied by the higher power of one yuan-the double hypothesis method in Zhu Shijie's astrology and his Four-Yuan Jade Sword-the application of surplus and deficiency series and superposition-China, the hometown of abacus, the magic of magnet-the invention of compass-Mo Jing and the first law of motion are composed of China's incense burner and frame, measuring tools for magnetic declination and magnetic inclination, vernier calipers, mysterious reflections of lanterns and strange mirrors. The earliest artificial magnetization method-the outstanding machine of compass fish-the invention of compass car powder-the invention of lacquer ware and lacquer ware China-the world-famous porcelain, the stone that can burn oil and natural gas-the development and utilization of coal-Zhang Heng's seismograph, the earliest anemometer, observation clouds and cloud pictures, temperature observation instruments and precipitation observation instruments, weather forecast, Dujiangyan, the earliest water conservancy project in China. The water conservancy project from Jingxing to Luoyi-Zheng Guoqu-Jinghang Grand Canal, the earliest water level station in China-Fuling Shiyu, the earliest tidal map in China-the map of the sinus, the masterpiece of ancient geography-the notes of the bronze age-the copper mine boiled the sea to get salt-the earliest flora of brine extraction-southern vegetation-vegetation, fish, insects. Jia Sixie and Wang Zhen's agricultural books in Qi Yaomin's Book have their own characteristics, such as intensive cultivation, five-grain cultivation, flourishing tea culture-the valley where silkworms help the world-the cultivation of beans, and the grain of beans-Xu Guangqi's Agricultural Administration Book is good at making use of its advantages-the invention of the iron plow-the triangular seeder. The warm soup in Beihejia-Sangji Fish Pond has entered the melon in mid-February-The underground passage of cultivation technology-The color of Kaner well looking at Qi Hou-The diagnosis and treatment of Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing-Shennong tastes a hundred herbs-Chinese herbal medicine treats the disease with Fuxi, making nine needles-acupuncture therapy, Huatuo anesthesia-Ma Fei San immunization-Vaccination for health preservation and longevity extension. The smelting of copper, zinc and silver in China-the smelting of nickel-containing copper and hydrometallurgy in the west-three major casting techniques-food processing tools-the earliest means of transportation to record mileage with water hammer and water mill-the invention of hooves and stirrups-the invention of Lu Ban and saw umbrella-the eighth wonder of the Great Wall world in Wan Li-the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are ingenious in shape. Treasure of Daxingcheng Palace —— The tallest and oldest heavy wooden tower in the Forbidden City —— Mystery that the wooden tower in Yingxian County won't sink —— The ship lock of watertight compartment is windy, and the car flies —— the treasure of sail —— the treasure of parachute Ling Bo —— the efficient propulsion tool of rudder —— a feat in the history of double-propeller navigation —— the beginning of Zheng He's "Western" aviation model. Enemies of the chivalry-gunpowder and gunpowder weapons-Sun Tzu's art of war, chariots and warships, colorful cold weapons-milestones in the development of human civilization-the invention of papermaking-the highest achievement of woodcut printing-color overprint clay type printing technology and the world's earliest paper money-China's earliest architectural monograph-creating French style-Lei Zu and primitive textile technology. China's earliest collection of poems The Book of Songs, China's earliest chronological history book The Spring and Autumn Annals, China's first biographical general history Historical Records, China's earliest monograph on literary theory, Wen Xin Diao Long, China's first chronological history book, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, China's largest encyclopedia in ancient times, Bronze and Standard, the beginning of modern characters of Xiao Zhuan-Li Shu's brushwork is quick and vivid. Zhu Zaiyu, an ancient musical instrument in China with a long history, and Ceng Houyi, famous for its "Twelve Equivalence Laws", rang the bell. China's first monograph introducing the works of traditional opera writers-Records of Ghosts and Ghosts-China's traditional opera Yuanqu and Guan Hanqing's China's ancient health-keeping gymnastics-Wuqinxi China Kung Fu-Wushu China's ancient football-Cuju China's ancient chess game-China's mysterious and endless black-and-white world-Weiqi papermaking was built in China in the late Northern Song Dynasty and presided over by Su Song, an official minister. It is a large astronomical instrument and a major scientific and technological achievement with world influence in ancient China. The invention of mosquito-repellent incense may be related to the hygiene customs of the ancient Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of burning incense and offering sacrifices. Black powder, compass, printing. The dawn of human civilization-the earliest long-range weapon of fire-the earliest bow and arrow tool-the greatest contribution of stone tools to the world is the practical disease prevention and treatment technology. China is an ancient country of mathematics, and Nine Chapters of Arithmetic and Nine Chapters of Numerology are ancient mathematical masterpieces. China is also an ancient country in astronomy, and China is the first country in the world to record astronomical phenomena such as sunspots, Halley's comet and supernovae in writing. In addition to papermaking, compass, gunpowder, movable type printing and four new inventions of traditional Chinese medicine, 10 decimal system, equatorial coordinate system and block printing, there are many ancient inventions in China that affect the development of world science and technology, such as porcelain, silk, metal smelting and casting, and intensive farming. Twenty-four solar terms are regarded as the fifth greatest invention in ancient China, and many new advances have been made in physics, chemistry and biology. Our ancestors created two golden ages for the prosperity and development of ancient science and technology in China. China is a traditional agricultural country, and water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. In ancient times, there were Dujiangyan, Zheng Guoqu, Lingqu, Longshou Canal and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal before the Tang Dynasty. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal built in Sui Dynasty is the earliest and longest navigable canal in the world. These projects are incomparable to medieval Europe in terms of building scale, technical level, and the benefits of agricultural irrigation, navigation and transportation. Mozi was a representative figure of Mohism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In his book Mo Jing, he put forward geometric concepts such as point, line, square and circle. The Operation Method of Pythagorean Theorem in Zhouyi ·suan Jing. Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, written in Han Dynasty, contains solutions to 246 applied problems, which is very rich in content. It has made great achievements in arithmetic and algebra, especially in solving practical problems, far exceeding the mathematical system of ancient Greece. Zu Chongzhi's pi calculated by secant technique is very accurate and far ahead in the world. What needs special mention is the outstanding contribution of ancient China to the development of world civilization-"Four Great Inventions", which embodies the wisdom and creation of working people in ancient China. The compass was invented in the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago. At that time, people ground natural magnets into spoon shapes and put them on a smooth plane, pointing out the north-south direction. This navigation instrument is called "Sina". In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was made by artificial magnetization. Ceng Gongliang recorded the making method of "compass fish" in the book "General Classics of Martial Arts" edited by 1044. Shen Kuo, a great scientist, further explained the method of making compass with magnetized iron needle in Mengxi. The compass was used for navigation shortly after its invention, guiding China's ocean-going fleet to sail in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, and was introduced to Arabia in the12nd century, and then to Europe. The invention of papermaking was summed up by the working people in China from the experience of bleaching and retting hemp, which began in the Western Han Dynasty. Ancient paper of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed from the beacon tower site of Luobuzhuoer Khan in Xinjiang is all plant fiber paper, and its texture is rougher than others. Cai Lun, who was in charge of the Royal Handicraft Workshop in the Eastern Han Dynasty, relied on sufficient manpower and material resources, improved the papermaking technology with rags, bark and old hemp as raw materials, and produced a batch of practical paper with higher quality. Paper-making technology first spread to Korea and Vietnam, Japan in the seventh century, Arabia in the eighth century and Europe in the thirteenth century. The invention of printing went through two stages, from block printing to movable type printing. About the Sui Dynasty, people invented block printing technology under the inspiration of seal cutting rubbing method. During the Northern Song Dynasty (about A.D. 104 1- 1049), Bi Sheng, a civilian inventor, invented the movable type printing technology, which made movable type from clay and then typesetting and printing. It was economical and convenient, greatly improved the efficiency, and was a great revolution in the history of printing. In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen successfully invented wooden movable type and wheeled typesetting frame. The invention of gunpowder began with alchemy. In the process of alchemy, the alchemist accidentally found that igniting the mixture with nitrate, sulfur and charcoal as the main raw materials would cause combustion and explosion. After the invention of gunpowder, it was used in the military, which changed the face of war and the course of history. As Marx said, "gunpowder blew the knight class to pieces." In the War of Resistance Against Gold in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Jun used powerful gunpowder weapons such as "thunderbolt" and deafening sound. By the end of the Song Dynasty, gunpowder sand guns and gunpowder guns were invented. Gunpowder was introduced to India and Arabia by merchants from 1225 to 1248, and later to the west. China's science and technology have been in the leading position in the world for a long historical period. The purpose of revealing and exploring the scientific creations and inventions of our ancestors is to better inspire young people's studious and pioneering hearts. Today, history has entered the era of sound, light and electricity, and the dissemination of knowledge and information is vivid and intuitive. This book adopts the form of "illustrated pictures and texts", showing historical features and various images, and narrating historical facts with "words". Illustrated with pictures and texts, it shows readers the fruitful achievements of the development of civilization in the motherland for thousands of years. Although this book is called Illustration of Ancient Inventions in China, some items in it are not inventions in a strict sense, such as some astronomical phenomena, which were first observed by our ancestors and belong to the content of discovery. But because it plays an important role in social production practice and people's daily life, it is of great significance and groundbreaking, and we will also talk about it in this book. For another example, some academic works have made a true and complete record and description of inventions in a certain field. The achievements of scientific research in history are mainly summarized and circulated through works, such as Zhou Jing and Wang Zhennong's Book. We also received this book. For academic works with similar contents in the same subject, we only choose those written earlier to introduce and tell. This book does not adopt the framework of chronicles, and is basically arranged in the order of astronomy, calendar, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, geoscience, biology, agriculture, medicine, light industry, metallurgical machinery, architecture, navigation and aviation, military affairs, culture and art, but there is no strict classification. Some items are different in content, such as gunpowder, one of the four great inventions, which is introduced in Invention of Gunpowder and Gunpowder Weapons. Another example is planting mulberry and raising silkworms, which is described in "Sangji Fish Pond" and further elaborated in the relevant items of "Textile". The purpose of doing this is not only to take care of the convenience of narration, but also to let readers master relevant knowledge more comprehensively and accurately. Moreover, the contents of the items are different, but at the same time they are focused. China's traditional culture is profound and colorful, and there are many documents and classics handed down. In the past, similar publications only introduced inventions and discoveries in scientific and technological fields. In fact, our ancestors also had unique inventions in the field of social sciences, such as Chinese characters, poems and songs, melodies, ancient musical instruments and so on. They are all important components of the development of human civilization and have played an important historical role in promoting social development. To this end, we have added some related items in social science, which is the uniqueness of this book. In the selection of drawings, in addition to displaying artifacts, we also pay attention to the modality of ancient scientists when they wrote and invented and the social life scenes at that time, showing readers the strange and interesting touching stories of indomitable scientific masters in the process of invention and creation, enhancing the sense of history and artistic appeal, and making readers further understand the hardships of inventors.

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