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Guide words of Fuling in Shenyang
Fuling, built on Tianzhu Mountain, is the remaining vein of Changbai Mountain, formerly known as Shizuitou Mountain and Dongmou Mountain. The construction history of Fuling has roughly gone through three stages: grass-roots establishment in Tiancong period, renovation in Shunzhi period and reconstruction in Kangxi period.
Dear friends, what we see now is Fuling, a magnificent ancient building complex located in the green hills. Fuling covers an area of194,800 square meters, surrounded by mountains and waters. The whole cemetery was built from low to high according to the mountain, and Baocheng and Baoding were built on the top of the mountain.
According to its natural layout, Fuling can be divided into three parts, namely Dahongmen Outer District, Shinto District, Fangcheng District and Baocheng District. The first part is from dismount north to Zhenghongmen.
There are six Xiama Monuments in Fuling, four in front of the mausoleum and two near Hongmen in the east and west. On the dismounting monument on both sides of Zheng Hongmen, it is written in Manchu, Chinese and Mongolian that "officials are waiting to dismount here". After dismounting the horse monument, a pair of stone lions, a pair of Chinese watches and a pair of stone tablets stand on both sides in front of the cemetery. Stone tablet building, also known as dismounted archway, is made of imitation wood and stone in various colors. It has four pillars and a third floor, and there are decorative patterns such as a bucket arch and two dragons playing with pearls on the horizontal square. The center is engraved with figures and various auspicious patterns, with the figures facing outwards. In Manchu, Chinese and Mongolian languages, the words "People who come here to dismount, if they break the law, will be dealt with according to law" are engraved. The sculpture of the whole archway is simple and elegant and exquisite.
From Zhenghongmen to the North Building is the second part of the cemetery, which is the Shinto District. Zhenghongmen is the main entrance of the cemetery, surrounded by colorful dragon sleeves on both sides and rectangular red envelope walls, which enclose the whole cemetery as a whole. Zhenghongmen is a three-mast, one-mast, mountain-shaped wooden frame structure with glazed tiles on the top, big ridges, heavy ridges, big kisses and a touch of gold. There are three arches, decorated with colored oil, covered with golden gate nails and animal faces, and three arches. In the middle of the arch is the "divine gate", which is the portal of the so-called "gods" of the tomb owner. It is not open on weekdays, but only to officials who carry blessings and make silks during the big sacrifice, and others are not allowed to walk. East means: "the military gate" is outside the entrance and exit of the emperor's mausoleum, and west means "the minister gate" is the gate through which ministers pass. Zhenghongmen, a 300-meter-long "Shinto" joins the Shinto Gate, and has very strict usage regulations all the way to the stone arch bridge, Shinto Gate and Shinto Gate. No one is allowed to walk except the officials who carry sacrifices, and offenders will be punished according to law. Tombs in the Qing Dynasty have special provisions on the setting of Shinto. A building must be built as a partition between Langshinto Road and Long 'en Gate, which means that everything in the Qing Dynasty is a whole. To this end. Some Qingling built dragon air doors on Shinto, and Zhaoling in Shenyang built a monument of divine power. Fuling not only built a monument of divine power and virtue, but also built 108 pedals according to geographical conditions. It has played a double partition role, which is also the place where Fuling District is different from other Qing tombs.
A pair of stone pillars and four pairs of stone statues are arranged neatly on both sides of Shinto. One is sitting on a stone pillar. According to legend, Shizhu is one of the nine sons of the dragon. Because of his good looks, he was allowed to guard the mausoleum. Stone elephants are lions, tigers, horses and camels in turn. It is said that the stone horse is carved by imitating the dragon horse of Nurhachi and is a typical Mongolian horse. At the end of Shinto, there are two "Shenqiao" connected, and the "Fuling Sky Lantern" skillfully built according to the mountain situation; Commonly known as "108 stirrup", "If you want to know the best place in Fuling, send the stone steps to heaven"; Fuling sky lantern is a unique architectural form in Ming and Qing emperors' tombs, so why should the stone steps be built at 108 level? One view is related to the stars. According to legend, there are thirty-six tallest sunsets and seventy-two garbage in the sky. In the Water Margin, it is these stars that make Liangshan heroes fall into the world. "The highest scum on the sky" means to keep Fuling safe. It also shows the supreme imperial power.
Another view is related to Buddhism. Buddhists believe that there are 108 kinds of troubles in life. In order to get rid of these troubles, it takes 108 times to recite Buddha. Xiao Zhong has to knock 108 times and use 108 beads, so the figure of Buddhist architecture Otawa is related. According to experts' research, there are only two architectural forms in China, and the other is Bodhisattva Peak in Wutai Mountain.
Walking through Shenqiao, you will see the monument building, which was built at 1688 yuan, with double eaves and a style of mountains and rivers. In the middle stands the "Monument to the Divine Power and Virtue of Fuling in Qing Dynasty" inscribed by Emperor Kangxi. Inscriptions carved in Manchu and Chinese describe Nurhachi's life, the hardships of starting a business and his great achievements in detail. There is a strange phenomenon in Fuling monument. Whenever it rains, the back of the tablet will show a wide robe and big sleeves, just like walking in the clouds and coming sideways to Guanyin, so it is also called Guanyin stone. On the four corners of the monument, a concave seawater vortex is carved, and a fish, a turtle, a shrimp and a crab are carved in each vortex. Every rainy day, the whirlpool will be filled with water. In fact, this is the so-called phenomenon of "the moon is dizzy and the wind blows, and the foundation is moist and rainy".
To the east of the monument are the tea room and the fruit room. Wash room, slaughter booth, etc. Used to work during the sacrifice.
Outside the monument building, there is a castle-like building called Fangcheng, which is the main building of the cemetery and the most Manchu-style building. This is the third part that we will visit. Fangcheng is 1.5 ft. 7 in., and its perimeter is 1 13.8 ft. 4 in., with the Long 'en Gate in the middle and the San Luo Xie Shan Gate Building above it. The surrounding balcony is still beautiful. According to legend, the inner harbor and outer Guo of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum were built according to the regulations of Xianyang, Qin Dou. In this way, Fangcheng in the mausoleum is the symbol of the capital, to reflect "birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups". There are four turrets in the four corners of Fangcheng, all of which are two-story buildings with sloping eaves and resting on the mountain. Wind chimes are hung on it, and the wind blows them. On the one hand, it can drive away birds from nesting here, and on the other hand, it can render a solemn atmosphere (the unique architecture of Fangcheng turret is the place where Shenyang is different from other Ming and Qing tombs). The main hall of Fangcheng is called Long 'en Hall, which is built on the five-foot-high Mount Sumeru. It is an important place for offering sacrifices. Long 'en Hall is a single-eaved building built on the mountain, surrounded by verandahs. Covered with yellow glazed tiles, the beams are painted with seal characters, the Long 'en Hall has three rooms, four doors and eight windows, and the three rooms in the Ming Dynasty are decorated by separate doors. There is a big nuange in the temple, and there is a small nuange in the big nuange. There are two pillars behind the main hall, a stone altar and a cave door. Above the cave door is Daming Building. The "Gao Zuling" stone tablet in the building is the "sacred monument" of Fuling. Because of its special status, this tablet is different from other tablet systems. One of them is that it is painted with many colors. The surface of the tablet is dyed red with cinnabar and the inscription is filled with gold. Other ministries use five colors of red, yellow, white, blue and green, which are glittering and dazzling. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to disrepair, especially1Daming Building was destroyed by fire on May 7, 962, this monument suffered certain losses. The Daming building we see now was later restored, followed by the Crescent City. The ancients thought that "the sky is sunny and the month has profits and losses." The full moon symbolizes reunion and the crescent moon represents dispersion. Death is a loss, so make this crescent to show sadness. The city is empty and silent, only the glass in the middle of the north wall shines on the wall, adding a little vitality to the empty wall. It is said that the population of the underground palace shines on the wall.
North of Crescent Moon City is Baocheng, a semicircular "city" with a height of seven feet one inch and a circumference of fifty-nine feet five. It is said that Baocheng will be built with a "boy rammer", that is, when repairing the rammer lining, a boy of about ten years old should step on it instead of using a wooden rammer or a stone rammer, because in the minds of the ancients, the boy was a symbol of holiness and good luck, and the high mound in Baocheng was the "treasure top", where Nurhachi and the queen were buried. There is an elm tree on the top of the treasure, which is the sacred elm attached to the Yongling Mausoleum of Xinbin.
Fuling architecture embodies the wisdom and skills of the ancient working people in China. Also protected by the working people. Although it is still well preserved after several wars, it has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In recent years, a number of scenic spots have been developed near Fuling District. Nowadays, Fuling has become a multi-functional sightseeing center integrating historical relics, garden scenery, tourism and holiday, and is attracting tourists from all directions with its unique charm. Friends, in your spare time, you may wish to look at the burial place of the founding emperor of this generation, listen to the bursts of pines, quietly appreciate the ancient legends and feel the spring scenery of Xiao Chun in Xinglin; Watching the misty rain in the Dragon House in summer; Looking at the grass and the sky in autumn; The pleasure of fine snow in the western hills in winter, Fuling, the tomb of the former emperor, is welcoming you with an ancient and brand-new look. If the old Khan had knowledge under the spring, he would be filled with emotion.
Fuling is located in the northeast suburb of Shenyang, also known as Dongling. It is the mausoleum of Nurhachi, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and Ye Henala, the filial piety queen. Fuling was founded in 1629 and built in 165 1. Backed by Tianzhu Mountain, you can not only feel the momentum of the royal cemetery, but also enjoy the quiet natural environment.
The main entrance of Fuling is Zheng Hongmen, and the brick road is at the foot. Stone carvings such as huabiao, camel, horse, lion and tiger are neatly arranged on both sides. After climbing the 108 stone steps (called 108 pedal), what you see is a large monument building, which contains a monument to the wonders of Fuling in the Qing Dynasty, engraved with the personal inscription of Emperor Kangxi.
To the north of the monument is Fangcheng, which is the main building of Fuling. Fangcheng is a rectangular brick wall with paths and cribs on the wall, and there are turrets in every corner of the wall city. This square city seems to be like both a small palace and a small castle. Long 'en Hall is the main hall of Fangcheng, which contains sacred cards and sacrifices. There is a silk-burning pavilion in front of the temple, east and west halls on both sides, and stone pillar gates, stone five sacrifices and coupon gates behind the temple.
To the north of Fangcheng is the crescent-shaped Baocheng, and there is a glazed wall in the middle of the front wall of Baocheng. In the middle of Baocheng is Baoding, which is made of concrete. The underground palace below is buried with the Qing Taizu Nurhachi and the filial piety queen Ye Henala. Because the whole mausoleum is built on the mountain, you will find that the building also fluctuates with the slope, which is more scattered and magnificent.
Speech by Shenyang Fuling Tour Guide 3 Dear travelers and friends:
Hello everyone!
Fuling is surrounded by red walls in the south, with Zheng Hongmen in the middle, and the terrain gradually rises from south to north. On both sides of the gate, there are stone lions, huabiao, stone archway and Ma Xia tablet engraved with Manchu, Mongolian, Han, Hui and Tibetan characters. Zhenghongmen is a long sacred road. On both sides of the road, there are four pairs of stone beasts such as lions, horses, camels and tigers. At the end is a 108-story brick step, symbolizing the 36 highest plough and 72 earth monsters with natural mountains. Above the brick steps is a monument building, which is located on a mountain with double eaves and yellow glazed tile roof. Inside is the "Qing Fu Ling Shengde Monument" written by Emperor Kangxi in Chinese and Manchu. Further north is the castle-style Fangcheng, and in the middle of the south is the Long 'en Gate, on which there are three-story sloping mountain gatehouses. There is a turret at each corner of Fangcheng. In the center of the city is the Long En Hall, which is located on the pedestal of Sumitomo. It is a single tree, which lives on the mountain. There is a wooden tablet in the hall, a silk burning building in front of it, and five rooms on the east and west sides of the hall. There is a cave door behind the temple. Above the cave gate, there is a double-eaved and mountain-resting Daming Building. There is a stone tablet of "Gao Taizu Mausoleum" in the middle. The building roof of Fangcheng is covered with yellow glazed tiles, the pillars are scarlet ground battles, and the beams are painted with murals of "He". Surrounded by rivers and arched hills, Fuling looks magnificent and the scenery is elegant and superior. Gao Shiqi, a poet of A Qing Dynasty, once said, "Looking back, I can see the pale and hazy music, overlooking the flow. The ground is on the clouds and the sky worships the pillars. " It is a concrete portrayal of the scenery here. "Tianzhu Paiqing" is also one of the famous eight scenic spots in Shenyang.
The surface architecture of Ming and Qing tombs is basically a variant of the Forbidden City, whose predecessor was the Forbidden City in Shenyang, Zhaoling and Fuling. Its leading idea is to promote the supremacy of imperial power, and its grades and materials are the same as those of the Forbidden City. The difference is that the mausoleum is the residence of the emperor after his death, which should be magnificent and adapt to the special requirements of the mausoleum, so the Ming building Baoding has become its most representative building. The surface architecture of tombs in Qing dynasty is in harmony with the surrounding environment. Red walls, yellow tiles, towering buildings, winding green hills and flowing rivers naturally blend together to form a harmonious picture of color matching. The human landscape and the natural landscape set each other off into interest and set each other off into interest. The towering Ming building is obviously designed by the designer according to the specific environment where the surface building of the mausoleum is located in the mountains, in order to emphasize the landmark building of the main body of the mausoleum. It avoids the problem that the mausoleum building is low and does not conform to the emperor's identity.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many large palaces and mausoleums were built, which were excellent in quantity and quality and profound in decorative style, reflecting the prestige of imperial power in the heyday of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The overall momentum of the building is very different from Rococo style's rejection of solemnity and grandeur, but it coincides with Baroque's deliberate pursuit of space and visual capacity and the pursuit of volume expression. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, it was politically conservative and decadent, and it also showed an atmosphere of pursuing triviality and beauty in architectural art. Jade treasures were piled up on handicrafts, and even enamel jade articles were embedded in architectural decoration. The artistic level seems to be in direct proportion to the amount of gold and silver treasures. This seems to have something in common with baroque and rococo styles. The former also uses expensive materials-gold, silver, copper and a lot of embroidery to show luxury and glory, with showing off wealth as beauty and luxury as beauty. The latter pursues more exquisiteness and delicacy, which is hard to see, complicated and dazzling, which fully shows the decline of declining nobles and is good at appreciation. The detailed treatment of architectural art in Qing Dynasty seems to be a collection of these two styles, which are both rich and elegant, each with its own strong points.
It was already four o'clock in the afternoon when we arrived in Fuling, Shenyang, but we should still be able to have a good time. The guidebook says that the tour time only takes about four abnormal hours.
People in Shenyang seldom call it Fuling, but Dongling, perhaps because it is in the northeast of Shenyang. This title is easy to misunderstand. I think this is the Qing Dongling. In Zunhua, the real imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty were buried with five emperors, namely Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng and Tongzhi, and were stolen by warlord Sun Dianying. Fuling is the tomb of the Qing emperor Nurhachi.
Is this a coincidence? The founders of the Qing Dynasty, the rulers in the prosperous period and the incumbents in the declining period sometimes used the name of communication in their sleeping places.
As soon as you enter the door, you can see the ancient pine forest around Fuling, lush and endless dark green, which makes people relaxed and happy, and their brains are wide open.
It is said that 30,000 pines and cypresses were planted when the mausoleum was built. After the vicissitudes of life, there are only 1600 trees left. The beautiful scenery of "Fu Ling Diecui" and "Tianzhu Shen Song" can only be clearly stated in books.
The red walls and yellow tiles of the mausoleum are hidden in the middle, which makes it more quiet and leisurely.
Facing the gate is a long Shinto, flanked by stone beasts. The first thing you see is your pair of stone camels, followed by stone horses, Shi Hu and stone lions, which are arranged symmetrically along Shinto. These stone carvings are surrounded by towering Gu Song, hidden in weeds and quietly guarding peace.
I went in and took a closer look. Although the sculptor of the stone beast is not very precise, his clumsy appearance is very cute, which deserves the frankness of Kanto atmosphere. Coming from the south, I looked at camels and kept asking, "Were there any camels in Shenyang in the Qing Dynasty? Is there one at present? Are these imaginary carvings? " My partner said with a wry smile, I don't know, and I'm a little embarrassed myself.
I have read the book over and over again. It seems that there are stone camels in Ming and Qing tombs. I don't know what the intention is.
Fuling is built on Tianzhu Mountain, which is high in the north and low in the south. The whole mausoleum is low in front and high in the back, rising from the mountain.
The end point of Shinto is 108 step, commonly known as "108". This step is not always upward, but there is a platform in the middle where people can rest. 108 is a perfect number, which can be met everywhere. I have eaten in a restaurant in Shenyang many times, and I have paid the standard meal fee of this amount twice.
When I built this step, I used this number for this perfect meaning, right?
During the reign of every emperor in the Qing Dynasty, he would come to pay homage to the ancestral graves. It is impossible for the emperors to step up in the pedantic horn. Are their steps as gradual as mine?
No matter which emperor, he always looks forward to the future, and the mountains and rivers will last forever. Therefore, there is a monument building on the steps, named "as far as the eye can see", which means "eternal series", which is the creation of the Qing emperor's mausoleum. It is ironic that he died less than 300 years before and after the Qing Dynasty.
Around the back of the monument, you can see Fangcheng, which is the same as the real city, but with less limitations. There are gates, turrets and halls, and the city walls can go up. All for death, for Nurhachi to be a director before his death.
After turning to the back of the hall, I passed a long dark guard room. My partner said it was like the road from the underworld to the Yang world, and the gloomy feeling was a bit like it. Then, when I saw it, it was a shadow wall bathed in the sun. A generation of heroes who once swallowed up the country slept in the grave behind the screen wall.
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