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Appreciation of "Die Lian Hua" by Su Shi

Die Lian Hua ①

Su Shi

The flowers faded to red, green and apricot. When swallows fly, green water surrounds people. There are few willow trees blowing on the branches②. Where in the world is there no fragrant grass? There is a swing inside the wall and a road outside the wall. Pedestrians outside the wall, beautiful women smiling inside the wall. The laughter gradually fades away and becomes quieter, but the passionate one is annoyed by the ruthlessness③.

① It was written in the third year of Shaosheng reign of Zhezong of the Song Dynasty (1096), when he was demoted to Huizhou, or even earlier.

② Willow cotton, catkins.

③ Quietly, disappear. Passionate refers to people outside the wall. Ruthless refers to the beauty in the wall.

This is a short poem lamenting the passing of spring and the difficulty of seeing beautiful women. The poet's frustrated feelings and broad-minded attitude towards life are also faintly revealed here.

The first film is about the end of spring, and there is a feeling of homesickness hidden in the sadness of spring. The first sentence, "The flowers have faded to red and the green apricots are small," not only points out the season at the turn of spring and summer, but also reveals the metabolic laws of nature in which spring flowers are gone and green apricots are beginning to appear. Although it is a description of the scene, it still contains ideas. The two sentences "swallow" not only convey the location, but also describe the environment of this family. The swallows are flying in the sky and surrounded by green water outside the house. How beautiful and peaceful it is! The word "people" hints and foreshadows the appearance of the "beauty in the wall" in the next film. The two sentences "on the branches" are first suppressed and then raised, conveying the poet's deep and broad-minded feelings in the delicate description of the scenery. The catkins are all over the sky and the grass is endless, which is the easiest thing to make people think. The word "you" shows that I have been exiled here for a long time. "There are no fragrant grasses anywhere in the world". On the surface, it seems to just mean that there are lush fragrant grasses everywhere in the world, and the spring scenery is boundless. In fact, it is used to express the meaning of "Where are there no fragrant grasses, and why are there no nostalgia for the old place" in "Li Sao" , saying that as long as you take things as they come, where can you not settle down? "I always follow the fate of everything in my life, and there is no inconvenience in all directions by land and water" ("Sending Tea with Jiang Kui"). During the later period when he was demoted to Hainan, the author sang loudly, "Eating three hundred lychees a day, I will live a long life as a Lingnan native" (Part 2 of "Two Poems on Eating Lychees"); "The best in my life" ("Across the Sea on the Night of June 20th"), both contain the sadness of homesickness and the broad-mindedness of being happy with the situation.

The next part expresses the annoyance and melancholy of hearing the sound but not seeing the beautiful woman. The three sentences "Swing in the Wall" use line drawing to describe a pedestrian (himself) wandering and looking around on the path outside the wall of "other people's house", only to see the swing frame exposed on the top of the wall, and the sound of a woman playing on the swing can be heard from the wall. laughter. Only now does the poet point out his identity as a "pedestrian". Of course, it means that he is a passer-by outside the wall of this "Green Water Family", but he also has the feeling that "life is like an adverse journey, and I am also a pedestrian" ("Linjiang Fairy") ·Send money to Mufu"). If the word "Tianya" in the previous film implies that Huizhou is far away, then the beautiful woman here is separated by a wall and has no mutual affection. Isn't it also just a short distance away? The last two sentences are self-mockery about the departure of the beautiful lady. Pedestrians knew that they could not see the beauty's figure and appearance inside the wall, so they just wanted to stop and listen for a while. Unexpectedly, the beauty had already stopped swinging and left. They didn't know that there was an amorous pedestrian outside the wall. How could this not be annoying? Woolen cloth! These two sentences are very reasonable and interesting. The reason why the beautiful woman is "ruthless" is because she does not know the existence of "passionate" people outside the wall. And there are universal and inevitable things in the world, "there are many mistakes in the world", and this is not the only one. Woolen cloth? The poet has been loyal but doubtful, straightforward and slanderous all his life. Now he has been banished to Lingnan. Isn't it just "passionate but annoyed by ruthlessness"? The author laughs at his own sentimentality, that is, he is laughing at the unfair fate that has been imposed on him, and at all tragedies!

The whole word is creatively conceived and full of strange emotions. Describing scenes, recording events, and reasoning are natural, combining solemnity and harmony, and the language circulates and flows, with a fresh and graceful style. Wang Shizhen, a native of the Qing Dynasty, believed: "The willow branches on the branches are fragrant, and I am afraid that the relationship with the farm (Liu Yong) will be so romantic that I may not be able to survive" ("Flowers and Grass"). This is exactly the embodiment of the author Shaoxiu's poetry style. Volume 5 of "Ci Lin Chronicles" quotes "Lin Xia Ci Tan" as saying: "Zizhan was in Huizhou, sitting leisurely with Chaoyun (the concubine). At that time, the young girl had just arrived, and the fallen trees were rustling, which was sad and sad in autumn. Ming Chaoyun When I sang "The Flowers Fade to Red", my voice would sing towards the clouds, and my clothes would be full of tears. Zi Zhan asked him why, and he replied: "The only thing that slaves cannot sing is that there are few willow trees blowing on the branches, and there is no fragrance anywhere in the world." "Grass!" Zizhan burst out laughing and said, "My government is sad for the autumn, and you are sad for the spring." Chaoyun cried because she realized the mixed feelings of broad-mindedness and sentimentality contained in it. This poem is similar in purpose to He Zhu's "The Sapphire Case" (Lingbo is no more than Hengtang Road), both of which use the "vanilla beauty" technique to express one's political frustration. However, there is optimism and broad-mindedness in the sadness and frustration. This spirit is not found in the congratulatory message. This is also the charm of Su Shi's personality and works.