Who knows the detailed planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza for high yield?

High-yield cultivation techniques of salvia miltiorrhiza

First, land selection and land preparation

According to the living habits of Salvia miltiorrhiza, we should choose plots with sufficient light, good drainage, convenient watering and low groundwater level. The soil requires sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose texture, and the pH value is 6 ~ 8. Plots with heavy soil, low-lying water and shade are not suitable for planting. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a deep-rooted perennial plant. Before planting, slow-acting and long-acting manure, cake fertilizer or chemical fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. Generally, 5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate are applied per mu, and the depth is 30 ~ 40 cm. It is necessary to break the bottom of the plow to facilitate the growth and development of the root system. The rake is thin and flat, with a flat ridge with a width of 1.5 ~ 2m in the north and a high ridge with a height of 15 ~ 20cm in the south. Dig drainage ditches around the plot, which can be watered in drought and drained in flood.

Second, choose good varieties.

Under the same cultivation conditions, the yield and quality of different varieties are very different. Selecting improved varieties is an agricultural measure with high benefit and quick effect. The new tetraploid strain 6 1-2-22 of salvia miltiorrhiza not only has good agronomic characters in the field, but also has much higher tanshinone content in the root medicine than the original plant and other tetraploid strains. At the same time, the yield is high and the chemical composition content is high, which meets the ideal requirements and should be vigorously promoted in production.

Third, transplantation.

After spring sowing, it can be transplanted after 75 days of cultivation. Kechun can also be planted in autumn. Spring sowing will be carried out in mid-May, and autumn sowing will be carried out in late 10 10. It is better to transplant early than to transplant late, take root early and turn green early the next year. When planting, dig holes in the border according to the row spacing of 33×23 cm, and the depth of the holes depends on the root length. Apply a proper amount of manure as base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, mix it with the hole soil evenly, and plant 1 ~ 2 seedlings propagated by seeds in each hole. The planting depth is based on the original natural growth depth of the seedlings, and the buds are slightly exposed. After planting, thoroughly water the roots. Insert/kloc-0 cuttings into each hole and plant them in the hole according to the same method and planting density.

Fourth, the mode of reproduction.

Rooting and reed head propagation are the main methods, and seed sowing and cutting propagation can also be used.

(1) When harvesting in autumn, Salvia miltiorrhiza root with a diameter of 0.7 ~ 1 cm, purple color, no plant diseases and insect pests and complete development was selected as the seed root, and it was stored in wet sand until the following spring. From March to April in early spring, the seed roots are cut into small pieces of 4-6 cm, and the cut seed roots are vertically placed in holes according to the specifications of row spacing and plant spacing depth of 35 cm× 25 cm× 6 cm, with one hole and one section, and the big head facing upwards. Don't turn upside down, cover the soil about 2 cm, not too thick, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings. About 50 kilograms of seed roots are used per mu. When planting with roots, it blooms late, and it is difficult to harvest seeds in that year, but the roots grow fast and the yield of medicinal materials is high. ?

(II) Propagation of reed heads When salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested, healthy and disease-free plants are selected, thick roots are cut off for medicinal purposes, and fine roots with reed heads and heart leaves are planted as seedlings. Large seedlings can be divided into 2 ~ 4 plants according to the natural growth of buds and roots, and then planted. You can also dig wild salvia miltiorrhiza, cut off the thick roots and use them as medicine, and plant the fine roots and reed heads together. The plant spacing is the same as that of root-splitting propagation, and the time should be in late autumn or early spring. Breeding with reed heads can be harvested in the second year after planting, with short production cycle and good economic benefits. (3) Cutting propagation is carried out in June-July in the north and April-May in the south. Healthy and disease-free branches of Salvia miltiorrhiza are selected and cut into small pieces with the length of 13 ~ 16 cm, and the lower incision should be horseshoe-shaped close to the stem node. Cut off the lower leaves, insert the cuttings obliquely into the seedbed according to the row spacing of 20× 10 cm, with the cutting depth of 1/2 ~ 2/3, cover the soil and compact, leaving 1 ~ 2 leaves on the ground. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a domestic variety, so it should be cut at the same time, and it should not be placed for a long time, otherwise it will affect the survival rate of cutting. After transplanting, proper moisture preservation and shading can make new roots grow from the lowest node in 15 ~ 20 days. When the roots grow to 3 cm, put them in the ground.

(4) Seed propagation Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are small, the germination rate is about 70%, and the direct seeding method often produces uneven seedlings, so the seedling transplanting method is often used. Seeds that mature after June should be selected and sown at harvest or in September. In Beijing, seedbeds can be planted in March, and drilling can be done. The row spacing of drilling is 30× 20cm, and the ditch depth is1~1.3cm. The seeds mixed with river sand are evenly spread in the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.5 ~ 0.7cm. When sowing, the seeds can be evenly spread on the ground and trampled once, so that the seeds are close to the soil without covering the soil. The sowing amount per mu is about 0.5 kg. After sowing, cover it with plastic film and keep it warm and moist. When the local temperature reaches about 20℃, 15 ~ 20 days. Seedling? 3~5? When the leaves are full, if they are found to be too dense, they should be thinned and planted outside. It can be transplanted after sowing and growing for 2 months.

Among the above four propagation methods, reed head is used as propagation material, and the yield is the highest. Followed by rooting and reproduction.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tian Tuan management

(1) Tillage, weeding and topdressing

After all the seedlings are cultivated in April, 1 time intertillage and weeding shall be carried out, and then 1 time diluted human and animal manure water shall be forcibly applied,1500 kg; Per mu; The second time is from early May to early June, and after the middle cleaning, decomposed human excrement and urine 1 time, 2000 kg, 50 kg per mu; Cake fertilizer; For the third time, from the end of June to the middle and late July, combined with intertillage weeding, decomposed slightly concentrated manure was applied 1 time, with an area of 3,000 kg per mu, 25 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer, so as to promote the growth and development of ginseng roots. Fertilization method can be ditch application or hole application, and then covered with soil for fertilization.

1. Growth habit of Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial herb with well-developed roots, and the depth can reach 60 ~ 80 cm, so it is most beneficial for root growth in sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose texture. When the soil is too sticky, poorly ventilated and poorly drained, it will often cause rotten roots, wither the whole plant and make the roots germinate strongly. Root-splitting method can be used for reproduction. The upper and middle parts of roots germinate and take root faster than the lower parts. Research shows that; The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza grows with the growth of aboveground parts. In the later period, with the gradual decrease of air temperature, the aboveground parts grow slowly, and the nutrients transfer to the lower parts, so the root grows more rapidly.

2. Fertilizer requirement characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

Salvia miltiorrhiza plants have strong absorption fertility, relying on its strong root system, they can absorb nutrients from the surface and deep soil. It can grow and develop well in general medium fertility soil, and the effect is better by applying more base fertilizer and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. When nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are seriously deficient, Salvia miltiorrhiza plants will show certain physiological diseases. In the case of severe nitrogen deficiency, the color of leaves gradually changed from dark green to light green in the early stage, and the plant grew slowly. In severe cases, the growing point is underdeveloped or even necrotic, no new leaves grow, the old leaves gradually turn yellow, the roots are small, and the yield of medicinal materials is very low. When phosphorus is deficient, the leaves are green and sometimes reddish brown, and there are obvious brown spots on the leaves in the early stage, and the spots expand and dry in the later stage, and the leaves are sometimes twisted and the heart leaves grow slowly. When potassium is deficient, the leaves of plants are green to dark green, with wide leaves and slender petioles. Sometimes there are big brown spots on the edge of the old leaves, the veins are dark green, and other parts are light green, resulting in obvious mottling.

3. Salvia miltiorrhiza fertilization technology.

Because salvia miltiorrhiza is a fertilizer-loving medicinal plant, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied first when sowing; The base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, such as decomposed pig, sheep manure or burnt mud ash, and the application amount is 667 square meters (1 mu) 1000 ~ 1200 kg. After mixing with soil, the land is finely leveled. In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing should be applied at least 2 ~ 3 times during plant growth. In the early stage of growth, nitrogen fertilizer or human and animal manure is the main topdressing; In the middle stage of growth, fertilization depends on seedlings; Long-root fertilizer should be applied again after autumn, and it is best to mix phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate.

(2) removing flower buds

From late April to May, Salvia miltiorrhiza will bolt and blossom one after another. In order to concentrate nutrients on the growth of roots, all bolting should be cut off except leaving the land, sooner rather than later.

(3) Drainage and irrigation

Salvia miltiorrhiza is the most taboo to accumulate water, and it should be cleaned and drained in time during the rainy season; In case of dry weather, furrow irrigation or watering should be carried out in time, and excess water should be removed in time to avoid waterlogging.

Section 4 Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

I. Diseases

(1) leaf blight

The lower leaves of the leaf blight plant began to get sick and gradually spread upward. At the early stage of the disease, brown round spots appeared on the leaves, and the diseased spots continued to expand, and the center was grayish brown. Finally, the leaves were burnt and the plants died. It happened at the beginning of May and lasted until the end of autumn, with the worst in June-July. ?

Prevention and control methods:

1, select healthy and disease-free seed plants, and soak the seeds in bordeaux solution (1:100) before sowing10 minutes for disinfection.

2, strengthen management, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, timely ditch drainage, reduce humidity, enhance disease resistance.

3, the early onset, spraying 60% zineb 600 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times.

(2) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The pathogen of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum first invaded the stem base, bud head and rhizome of the plant, and the impregnated part turned brown and gradually rotted. Gray-black rat-shaped sclerotia and white mycelium were produced on the surface of the affected area, the surface of the nearby soil and the base of the stem. The upper part of the diseased stem and leaf gradually turned yellow, and finally the plant died. ?

Prevention and control methods:

1, keep the soil dry, and eliminate the accumulated water in time.

2. Paddy fields can be planted in the ward, and the seeds can be submerged, and then used as the cultivation place of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

3. At the onset stage, 0.5kg of 50% ammonium chloride and 0/0 kg of lime were mixed to form a disinfectant, which was sprinkled on the stem base of the diseased plant and the soil nearby to prevent the disease from spreading.

4. Use 50% prochlor 1000 times solution for water.

(3) Root rot

The fine roots of plants affected by root rot first developed into brown dry rot, and then gradually spread to thick roots. The root is transected, and the transverse section is obviously brown, that is, vascular bundle lesions. In the later stage, the roots rotted, the overground part of the plant withered and died, and finally the whole plant died. Most of them occurred in May ~165438+1October.

Prevention and control methods:

1, implement crop rotation, and choose high-lying and dry hilly land for planting.

2. Strengthen management, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, loosen soil, promote plant growth and improve disease resistance.

3. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% thiophanate was sprayed 800 ~ 1000 times.

(4) Root-knot nematode disease

This is a parasitic disease. After the root-knot nematodes invaded the roots, they stimulated the rapid division of the host cells, resulting in the formation of tumor-like masses at the roots. The size and shape of the lumps in different parts of fine roots and thick roots are different, which is a remarkable feature of nematodiasis. The tumor was yellow and white at first, smooth in appearance, then turned brown, and finally ruptured and rotted. Cut open the galls, which are transparent and contain colorless transparent particles. After nematodes parasitize, the root function of plants is destroyed, which affects nutrient absorption and leads to the death of aboveground parts of plants.

Prevention and control methods:

1, paddy-upland rotation is beneficial to drowning nematodes and reducing harm. ,

2. Choose fertile soil, avoid planting in sandy plots, and reduce the occurrence of nematodiasis.

2 ~ 3kg of 3.80% dibromobenzyl chloride is added with water100kg, and then ploughed and applied into soil15th day before planting, and covered with soil to prevent the liquid medicine from volatilizing and improve the control effect?

Second, pests.

Spodoptera farinosa

Spodoptera farinosa generally occurs in summer and autumn. Larvae bite the leaves, and when it is serious, it will eat all the leaves. Spodoptera exigua occurs five generations a year, and the second generation larvae begin to damage the leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza from June to July, and the damage is the most serious from late July to mid-August.

Prevention and control methods:

1. After harvesting, burn the diseased plants in a centralized way to kill the overwintering eggs.

2. Black light can be hung on the ground to trap and kill moths.

3. When the larvae appear, spray with 2000 ~ 3000 times of 10% pyrethroid or 800 times of 90% trichlorfon. 65438 +0 times a week, 2 ~ 3 times in a row.

Section 5 Collection, Processing and Storage of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (omitted)