Feeding and breeding of geese?

From the main economic uses of geese, the varieties of geese can be divided into down type, egg type, meat type and fat liver type.

1. Feather type. All kinds of geese produce cashmere. It seems unscientific to designate some goose species as feather type, but in all goose species, Wanxi White Goose has the best quality because of its white feathers and large down. Therefore, when some merchants collect live geese, the price of white geese with the same weight and white geese in western Anhui is higher. Especially when raising geese to pick live geese, you should choose this breed. However, the disadvantages of Wanxi White Goose are low egg production and poor reproductive performance. For example, Sichuan White Goose and Rhine Goose can be introduced for hybridization.

2. Egg type

At present, goose eggs have become a favorite food for urbanites, and the price is relatively high. Some large domestic goose products processing enterprises compete to buy goose eggs, process them into reprocessed eggs and then enter the supermarket. Goose in China (called Wulong Goose in Shandong and Changtu Goose in Liaoning) and Zi Goose (produced in Suihua and Songhua River in Heilongjiang, 1) are the largest goose species in the world, with an average annual egg production of about 14 kg, and high-yield individuals of fine varieties can reach 20 kg. Both kinds of geese are smaller. In addition to laying eggs, it can also be used as a female parent to cross with larger geese to produce meat geese. This can make full use of its good reproductive performance, breed more offspring and reduce the production cost of goose seedlings.

Third, the types of meat.

Goose breeds weighing more than 3 kg are suitable for meat geese. These geese mainly include Sichuan White Goose, Wanxi White Goose, Dong Zhe White Goose, Changbai Goose, Guanshi Goose and imported Rhine Goose. Most of these geese belong to medium and large goose breeds, which are characterized by rapid weight gain in the early stage.

Four. The imported varieties of fatty liver type geese are mainly Rand Goose and Toulouse Goose, and the domestic varieties are mainly Lionhead Goose and Xupu Goose. After feeding, the fat liver of this goose weighs more than 600 grams, and the excellent one reaches 1000 grams. This kind of goose can also be used for meat production, but it is customary to regard them as special varieties for fatty liver.

When choosing goose breeds, we should not only pay attention to the variety use of geese, but also pay attention to the market demand trend. For example, at present, the price of white goose down is high, so enterprises that buy live goose processing generally only accept white geese. We should pay attention to this point in developing goose industry and choose corresponding varieties. In addition, although goose fatty liver is of high value, it requires high production technology. Only large companies have the ability to develop this product, and small-scale production by farmers is not suitable. At present, it is appropriate for farmers to contact the company to produce fresh goose eggs and live geese, and the product recovery is guaranteed. At present, the so-called "wild goose" in society is very hot, which is a very abnormal phenomenon. Goose is domesticated by wild goose, which is essentially imported from France. Because this kind of goose belongs to the European goose species, it is domesticated from the grey goose, and is characterized by no sarcoma on the top of the head, short head and neck, short beak and gray feathers, which is different from the China goose species that people are used to (domesticated from the swan goose, with a slender neck and a tumor on the head). Because Rand Goose looks like a wild goose, breeders make use of this feature and people's pursuit of fame, uniqueness and Excellence in production and consumption, and make great publicity, which makes its products deviate from the value. In fact, as commodity producers, they seldom make profits except speculators who make high profits. Wild goose is Rand goose, which not only produces excellent fatty liver, but also has inferior down and meat quality to some domestic geese. Because geese are mostly gray down, their down price is 20%-30% lower than that of white down. In addition, the reproductive performance of geese is low. If fatty liver is not produced, it is not suitable for large-scale promotion as wool and meat.

Goose industry, as a grain-saving and benefit-oriented industry, is welcomed by farmers and breeding professionals all over the world because of its advantages such as less investment, high efficiency, fast capital turnover, full use of rural labor resources, land resources and agricultural and sideline products. As an important measure to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, planting grass and raising geese has also attracted great attention from local governments. In the vast rural areas of our country, it has broad development prospects!

Goose industry is an industry with high product quality and good breeding benefit in aquaculture at present. Goose has strong adaptability, rough feeding tolerance, mainly eating green feed, simple production facilities, few diseases and low feeding cost. At the same time, goose breeding can be organically combined with forest, fruit and fishery production, and coordinated development can form a benign ecological cycle of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Goose has high utilization value. Goose meat is a real pollution-free green food, with tender and juicy meat, low fat (1 1.2%) (pork 28.8% mutton 13.6%), high protein (22.5%) and low cholesterol. Compared with chicken, the lysine content of goose meat is 30% higher. Goose is a herbivorous waterfowl with strong disease resistance, and the residues of antibiotics, pesticides and heavy metals in meat are extremely low. The nutritional and healthy characteristics of goose meat are increasingly favored by modern life.

At the same time, goose meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to human health and far beyond the reach of other livestock and poultry meat! Besides goose meat, goose feet, goose heads, goose wings and goose intestines are all delicious classic snacks. Goose blood contains anticancer elements; Goose gall and goose web yellow skin can be made into valuable medicinal materials; The content of protein in goose eggs is as high as 13.8%, which is higher than that in eggs and duck eggs. At the same time, it is rich in lysine, cystine and other nutrients, and it is a nutritious and delicious food. Goose down is a good filler, at the same time, the market has been in short supply and the price remains high; Goose fatty liver is made by artificially feeding fattening geese, which is rich in nutrition and tender and delicious in meat. It is one of the three most delicious foods in the world and has extremely high economic value.

First, the preparation before entering the chick

(a) maintenance, cleaning the brooding house and sports ground, ready to house thermal insulation equipment and fences. The brooding room can be built with a ready-made house or a low-cost straw shed, which requires heat preservation, sanitation, dryness and good ventilation, and the sports ground is relatively flat.

(2) Thoroughly disinfect the venues and feeding utensils inside and outside the house. First, the walls, ceilings and floors are washed with quicklime water, and then fumigated and disinfected with formalin and potassium permanganate (0/5ml formalin and 7.5g potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space/kloc-). After 24 hours, open the doors and windows for thorough ventilation.

(3) Keep the indoor temperature at 28℃~30℃, and put straw mats in the fence every 1.5 m2.

Second, meditation.

(1) tidal mouth. When the goslings arrived, they were put into the pen, with an average of 40 in each pen. Put two trays and a water dispenser in each fence. Goose should drink water before eating, which is called tide mouth. After 24 hours, goslings can wet their mouths with 0.02% potassium permanganate solution. For some goslings who can't drink water, they can put their heads in the water dispenser for soaking. In the future, let him drink warm water containing 5% multivitamin glucose (electrolytic multivitamin is better) and ciprofloxacin to eliminate fatigue, restore physical strength and prevent intestinal diseases.

(2) Open food. You can eat it after the low tide. You can use the special material of goose or broiler meat as the starting material. The forage ratio of 0 ~ 5 days 1: 1, and the forage ratio of 6~ 10 days 1:2 ~ 1:3,1:25 days. 1~3 days old can be fed 5~6 times a day, 4~ 10 days old can be fed 7~8 times a day,1~ 30 days old can be fed 5~6 times a day, including before 15 days old and/kloc-0.

(3) temperature. The temperature shall not be lower than 28℃ in the first week, and then it will drop 1℃~2℃ every week. 2 1 day, the temperature is reduced to 20℃, and then it is gradually adjusted to the natural temperature according to the actual situation, which is called temperature reduction. Personnel on duty at night should be driven regularly to prevent goslings from being squeezed and suffocated. (Attachment: Based on the height and temperature of gosling's back. )

(4) Humidity. The relative humidity in the gosling house should be 60%~65%, and it should be kept clean and dry. Change the grass and air it with Qin Ying.

(5) Feeding density. Feeding density per square meter: 1~7 days old, 15~20 days old, 8 10 ~ 15 days old, 10 days old, 22 days old. If the conditions are good, the feeding density can be appropriately increased.

(6) ventilation. Open the window properly to keep the air in the goose house fresh. It is advisable for people to enter the house without being angry or irritating their eyes and nose, but it is necessary to avoid the invasion of thieves and keep the indoor temperature appropriate.

(7) lighting. Generally, it is appropriate to keep the sunlight 16~ 18 hours. Each shed is equipped with a 25-watt light bulb, which is subject to the normal feeding of goslings, so as to facilitate their supplementary feeding at night, prevent crowding and facilitate management.

(8) Water grazing. After 10 days old, goslings can start grazing if the temperature is suitable. Grazing twice a day, 1 time in the morning and 1 time in the afternoon, each grazing time should be controlled at 0.5~ 1 hour, and the grazing time should be appropriately extended with age. Grazing should be stopped in rainy days. Goslings can start to release water at about 15 days old, and each release time is about 15 minutes, which can be extended appropriately in the future, but it is best not to exceed 1 hour.

(9) Sanitary disinfection. Qin Ying should clean the inside and outside of the goose house. Drinking fountains and trays should be cleaned every day, and the inside and outside of goose houses should be disinfected 1 time every week.

Third, the management of goose breeding.

Goslings are raised to about 1 month, and enter the goose breeding stage. At this time, the digestive organs of geese are gradually developed and their digestive ability is enhanced, and grazing should be the main method. Every 200~300 geese flock to graze in turns. It is advisable to start grazing at around 9 o'clock every day, 2~3 hours in the morning and 3~4 hours in the afternoon. It's hot in summer, so we should stop grazing at noon. Where there is water, it is necessary to arrange the water release time reasonably.

The geese have a strong appetite and grow rapidly. If grass resources are insufficient, grass, vegetable leaves or mixed concentrate should be supplemented appropriately. Concentrate formula: corn 47%, wheat bran 15%, grass powder or rice bran 20%, fish powder 10%, bone powder 1%, shell powder 2%, yeast powder 4% and salt 1%. Supplementary feeding time can be selected at noon or at night. After 75 days old, geese can be sold when they grow to 4 kg.

Check the article

May 0, 20081Thursday 14:49 Planting grass and raising geese is an important content of agricultural structure adjustment and an important way to optimize animal husbandry structure. Planting an acre of ryegrass can raise about 300 geese, and the feed-meat ratio is reduced from 3: 1 to 2: 1. Each goose can save about 7 kilograms of feed, and planting an acre of ryegrass to raise geese can save 2000 kilograms of feed, which is equivalent to 2000 kilograms of grain per acre in summer, which is 1300 kilograms higher than wheat. Because planting grass and raising geese has solved the problem of raising geese, the goose industry has developed, and farmers can get more benefits from it, which will play a positive role in increasing farmers' income and promoting rural stability. In the process of planting grass and raising geese, we should conscientiously do the following work:

First, plant grass.

To plant good forage grass, we must first choose good grass seeds, so as to achieve high yield and good palatability and meet the grass supply needs in different seasons. My city belongs to Xiahe area in the middle of Jiangsu Province, with a mild and humid climate. Wild weeds are good in summer and autumn and can be used, but there is a shortage of green feed in winter and early spring. Planting selection should be based on cold-season forage grass (such as Lolium multiflorum and -70 rye in winter pasture), supplemented by warm-season forage grass (such as chicory and Ilex angustifolia).

The second is to strengthen on-site management. Generally, the seeds of grass are much smaller than those of wheat, so it is very important to cultivate intensively and level the land. In order to grow well, it is necessary to open a set of ditches, strengthen water and fertilizer management and weed control at seedling stage, and carefully plant forage like vegetables.

Thirdly, rational utilization, insist on mowing grass to raise geese, adopt grass frame to raise geese, and do not engage in direct grazing to improve the bird carrying capacity per unit area. The principle of utilization is timely cutting and appropriate stubble to facilitate regeneration. Feeding goslings requires tender grass, short mowing interval and strong digestion ability. When the grass grows to a height of 20-30cm, mowing is carried out again, and mowing times are increased in the later period, which can slow down the aging of the grass and prolong the utilization time.

Second, raise goslings well.

To raise goslings well, we must first build a shed. The shed site should be a place with high terrain, good ventilation, sufficient water and smooth drainage. The shed shall meet the requirements of leakage prevention, heat preservation and ventilation, and the area shall be calculated as 10 /m2. There should be a pond or river nearby for geese to bathe in. Equipped with heating facilities to ensure the success of brooding in winter, otherwise it is a waste to have grass and not raise geese. Also equipped with sinks, sinks, grass racks and other equipment. Second, feed enough concentrate. Eating grass alone cannot meet the growth and development needs of geese, and each goose needs 6-7 kilograms of feed. The principle of supplementary feeding is that the brooding period should be semi-refined and semi-green, and it should be gradually reduced. Grass should be used as the main material in youth, and the amount of material should be increased in the later period to fatten the market, so as to master it flexibly according to the fertilizer situation. Third, do a good job in disease prevention and feeding management, and implement the mode of "two needles and one drive", that is, lay a good one-day-old gosling plague vaccine; 15 day old paramyxovirus vaccination needle; At the age of 40 days, broad-spectrum anthelmintics were used to repel insects. Usually pay attention to the observation of geese, so as to see the spirit, feed, feces, and deal with problems in time. Do a good job in the control of temperature, humidity and air freshness and daily disinfection and hygiene.

Third, do a good job of combining grass with goose.

Planting grass is to raise geese, and raising geese is the purpose of planting grass. Planting grass and raising geese are two interrelated links, and only close combination can succeed. To implement the project of planting grass and raising geese, we must first plan the variety and area of planting grass, the number and batch of raising geese, so that there are geese when there is grass, and the grass can meet the supply and the geese can be digested in time. Now introduce two modes for your reference.

Mode 1. European black grass or winter grazing -70 rye. 1sow from late September to early October.11early June is the grass supply period. The yield per mu can reach 8000 kg, which can be mowed in batches, and about 300 geese can be raised per mu. Divided into 3-4 batches, 1 the first batch in October 165438+30 chickens/mu,1listed at the end of the month; The second batch of 50/mu will enter the market in early February at the end of 1 month and be listed in early April; The third batch of chicks reached per mu 120 in early March and went on the market in mid-May. The fourth batch 120 chicks/mu was listed in early April and early June. This model solves the problem of adjusting planting structure and reducing wheat area in rice and wheat producing areas.

Mode 2. Chicory or petite bittern. Chicory is a perennial plant that can be used for many years at a time. The yield in the first year was low, and the yield per mu in the second year was 8000 Jin. The grass supply period is 4- 165438+ 10 month. Ilex petiolata is an annual forage with good quality and high protein content. Sowing in March, the yield per mu is 4000 kg, and the grass supply period is 4- 165438+ 10. Chicory grows slowly in high temperature season for a short time, while Ilex pedunculata grows most vigorously in July and August when the temperature is high. The two kinds of grass can be planted at the same time, which can achieve complementary effects. This model is supplemented by wild weeds, and about 300 geese can be raised per mu in 3-4 batches. The first batch of 30/mu in mid-April will be listed in late June; The second batch of 100/mu in late May will be listed in early August. The third batch 100/mu in mid-June will be listed in late August; The fourth batch of 80 PCs/mu entered the market in early August, and went on the market in 165438+ 10.

The yield of pasture has a lot to do with management. Under the premise of applying sufficient basic fertilizer, applying more fertilizer after each mowing and managing water and fertilizer well can improve the yield and quality. Planting grass and raising geese should also adjust the number of geese in time according to the growth of pasture to prevent insufficient or wasted forage. The combination of the two modes can raise geese all year round.

Three modes of raising geese by planting grass

The development and planting structure of goose industry provide excellent opportunities. Planting grass and raising geese has become a new growth point of diversified economy development in various places. Farmers can choose the extension mode of planting grass and raising geese according to the local actual situation.

1. Goose production is mainly concentrated in the first half of the year, which is suitable for planting Lolium multiflorum. Lolium multiflorum is a perennial grass of Gramineae, which is sown in autumn and grows until it dies in the following summer. Strong regeneration ability, resistance to mowing and grazing, and can be harvested and utilized many times. The yield is high, the yield per mu can reach more than 5000 kg, and it can reach 8000-9000 kg when the fertilizer and water are sufficient. Ryegrass is of good quality and palatability, which geese like to eat. For the green feed needed to raise geese in the second half of the year, Sudan grass can be planted to solve the problem. Sudan grass is an annual forage grass, which is sown in spring and died in autumn. The grass supply period is 6-65438+ 10 month, and the yield per mu is 4000-5000 kg. Although the grass yield, grass quality and palatability are not ideal, Sudan grass is easy to cultivate, and it can still meet the needs of raising geese as long as the best cutting time is mastered.

2. Time arrangement of planting grass and raising geese in the second half of the year. With the popularization of various excellent goose breeds, the incubation time in the hatchery is advanced, and goslings are supplied in June from 5438+065438+ 10. Ryegrass should be interplanted 7- 10 days before rice harvest in late June at 5438+ 10. In this way, Lolium multiflorum can be harvested and utilized at the end of 10 and the beginning of February. In the future, according to the production situation of grass and the needs of geese, ryegrass is generally mowed when the plant height is 30-60 cm. It can be harvested 4-5 times from sowing to the end of May of the following year, with an interval of about 25 days each time. Sudan grass is suitable for spring sowing, and it is usually cut and utilized when the plant height is 70-80 cm. Feed the geese 1 1 You can buy goslings and make full use of Lolium multiflorum. Breeding geese, select and keep breeding geese that meet the variety requirements before Qingming, and start production at the right time according to the time required for laying eggs in the hatchery.

3. Appropriate planting proportion and planting area can be planned according to the number of geese. In order to fully raise livestock and reduce the area planted with grass, farmers can use some natural grass, and farmers in mulberry fields can grow vegetables in mulberry fields to feed geese. Usually, Lolium multiflorum can raise 200 vegetable geese per mu, and each vegetable goose needs about 30 kilograms of green material. Feeding geese in batches and harvesting ryegrass in stages are not only beneficial to cutting and feeding now, but also can ensure the regular supply of green feed. For example, to raise 500 cabbage geese, we can plan to plant 2.5 mu of Lolium multiflorum and raise it in 2-3 batches.

Planting grass, raising geese, raising fish and increasing production and income in fertile fields

Zhu, a professional household in Hudu Town, Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, is engaged in fields. From 1996- 1999, he set aside 50 mu of land from his contracted 120 mu of farmland. When planting in autumn, wheat and rape are not planted, but forage (ryegrass) is planted, and a diversified structure of planting grass, raising geese and planting rice is developed. In recent years, the net benefit of winter ploughing per mu has increased by 508.80-587.20 yuan, and the ecological environment of farmland has also been improved.

First, planting grass, interplanting and optimizing the structure.

Intercropping and planting grass means planting grass in autumn, raising geese (fish) in winter and spring, and planting rice in summer sowing. Planting grass in autumn is to interplant ryegrass seeds in the field 3-5 days before rice harvest, sowing 2.5-3.0 kg per mu, and applying high-content compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu after rice harvest to promote early tillering and rapid growth of ryegrass. The growing season is 165438+ 10 to June of the following year, and each acre can be mowed 4-6 times. Raise geese (fish) in winter and spring.165438+1At the end of October, the first batch of goslings (Youchang geese) were purchased for cage breeding, and four batches of geese were raised in stages for 60 days each. At the same time, the first batch and the last batch are raised at intervals of 30 days, that is, the first batch is raised to the second batch, and the third and second batches are raised after the first batch of adult geese are released. At the same time, the temperature rises in spring, and ryegrass grows vigorously. When there is forage left for geese, it can be mowed for fish feed. According to the convention, 500 adult fish can be fed green feed for three months per mu of field. Rice planting in summer can be divided into direct soaking and shallow tillage or pressing green before tillage. Planting grass and raising geese (fish) in winter solves the reality of low benefit of planting wheat, creates a precedent for optimizing industrial structure and promotes the healthy development of rural economy.

Second, improve soil fertility and habitat.

Planting grass and raising geese in winter over the years can continuously improve soil fertility, improve physical properties and promote a virtuous circle. Practice has proved that ryegrass can raise 35-40 geese per mu, and at the same time, it can increase 300-500 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer, which has achieved the effect of combining use and cultivation. According to the determination and analysis of soil samples collected after rice harvest over the years, the basic soil fertility before raising geese without grass is: organic matter 15.3/kg, total nitrogen 0.97mg/ kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 109.4mg/kg, available phosphorus 3.5mg/kg, available potassium 54mg/kg and capacity/kloc-0. In the first year after planting grass and raising geese, the soil physical and chemical properties are organic matter 17.6g/kg, total nitrogen 1.08g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 138.3mg/kg, available phosphorus 8.8mg/kg, available potassium 88mg/kg, and bulk density1. In the second year, organic matter 19 .4g/kg, total nitrogen 1. 16g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 154.lmg/kg, and available phosphorus 1 1.4mg/kg. In the third year, organic matter was 20.2g/kg, total nitrogen 1.2 1g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 163.5mg/kg, available phosphorus 13.2mg/kg and available potassium 106mg/kg. In the fourth year, organic matter was 25.7g/kg, total nitrogen was 65438±0.38g/kg/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was 65438 077.6 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 65438 07.5 mg/kg, available potassium was 65438 019 mg/kg, and the bulk density was 0.85g/cm3. Planting grass and raising geese not only put an end to the residue produced by using pesticides to make oil from winter wheat, but also enriched soil fertility, greatly reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer used in rice production, and promoted the sustainable development of ecological agriculture and the development and utilization of green food.

Three, high and stable yield, promote income.

Planting and breeding combined with herbivorous rice can not only ensure high and stable yield, but also promote income increase. Compared with the wheat-rice rotation mode in the same type of field, the effect of saving cost, increasing grain and increasing income is remarkable. Cost saving: Due to the continuous input of high-quality organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, can be reduced when planting rice. Judging from the actual nitrogen application level of rice cultivation over the years, the yield of rice per mu is only pure nitrogen 10.25 kg, which is less than that of ordinary conventional fields. If the pure nitrogen is calculated at 3.60 yuan per kilogram, the cost per mu will be saved, 36 yuan. Increase in grain production: the average yield per mu increased by 32.8 kg in four years. If 100 kg of rice is calculated as 142 yuan, the income will increase by 46.58 yuan. Synergy: As far as raising geese by planting grass is concerned, 35-40 adult geese can be raised per mu of forage grass, and the average income of each adult goose is 1 1.68 yuan, with an increase of 408.80-467.20 yuan per mu; At the same time, the remaining fresh grass can be mowed to feed the fish, which can increase the benefit per mu 100- 120 yuan, together with the net profit per mu of 59 1.38-669.78 yuan. Changing the traditional planting method of winter seeds and developing grass to raise geese (fish) can not only optimize the industrial structure and promote a virtuous circle, but also make winter seeds used in many ways, which is an effective measure to tap the potential and increase income in agricultural production.

Technical points of planting grass to raise geese

1. Selection of excellent forage varieties: imported ultra-high tetraploid Lolium multiflorum is the best, with long and wide leaves, fast growth, late fruiting and high yield. Farmers are prohibited from keeping grass seeds for sowing.

2. Sowing at the right time: generally not later than the middle of 10, rice rotation promotes the interplanting of straw, and the growth period of rice straw can be * * *.

After three weeks, the rice should be cleaned immediately to make way for stubble, to prevent damage to grass seedlings, to furrow and conserve moisture, to apply seedling fertilizer, and to promote the transformation and growth of pasture.

3. Reasonable mowing, no grazing on the grass: mow when the grass grows to more than 25cm, and leave stubble 5cm off the ground when mowing, so as to facilitate re-growth. Prevent the fiber from lignification, mow it in time, ensure the freshness of grass and improve the utilization rate. It is forbidden to graze on the grassland at any time to avoid wasting pasture.

4. Sufficient fertilizer should be applied: Practice has proved that 40 kilograms of pure nitrogen should be guaranteed per mu of pasture in the whole growth period, and organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer such as phosphorus and potassium are also needed as base fertilizer. Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is very important. Fertilizing 3~5 days before mowing every time is beneficial to fertilizer absorption and prevents fertilizer water from hurting seedlings.

According to estimates, through the above key measures, the yield of fresh grass per mu can reach about 5000 kg. The purpose of planting grass is to raise geese, and the embodiment of production benefit is to raise geese well.

5. Goose breeding should pay special attention to several key links:

The first is to choose the right species. Choose varieties suitable for local culture. For example, Xinyang Zhou Goose and Longtai Hybrid Goose are suitable for breeding in northern Jiangsu, with white feathers, fast growth, high feed reward and strong adaptability. Generally, 65-day-old geese weigh about 3.25 Jin. The second is to select seedlings. It is necessary to choose Kang workshop with advanced incubation technology, which conforms to epidemic prevention and disinfection regulations, and goslings with obvious fattening varieties and good growth and development. The third is in batches. 100~ 120 commercial geese can be raised per mu of grassland, but they must not be raised at one time, otherwise it will cause the contradiction that geese are too snacks in the early stage of grassland and old geese can't eat them in the later stage. The reasonable batches are winter geese 30%, early spring geese 40% and late spring geese 30%. The fourth is to make up the material. Feeding geese with grass also needs to be supplemented with concentrate Generally, each commercial goose needs about 4~5 kilograms of concentrate, which needs comprehensive nutrition and should be fed in stages. It is best to use pellet feed. Fifth, do a good job in epidemic prevention. Carry out epidemic prevention for geese according to the procedure. For goslings hatched with eggs that have not been injected with gosling plague or have been vaccinated for a long time, the goslings should be injected with gosling plague vaccine within 24 hours after hatching, and injected with paramyxovirus and avian influenza vaccine at the age of 10~ 14 days. During the brooding period, drugs to prevent digestive tract and respiratory diseases should be given water. Broad-spectrum deworming experiments were carried out on Chichun geese at the age of 25 days and 45 days respectively. At the same time, we should attach great importance to disinfection, and farms should establish an effective disinfection system. The sixth is to raise chickens. Browning is the key stage of raising commercial geese. The body temperature regulation, digestive function and anti-stress ability of goslings are very weak. Therefore, it is necessary to master the key work such as temperature, humidity, density, grouping, boiling water and opening food in the brooding stage in strict accordance with relevant technologies to ensure the survival rate of goslings.

Measures to improve the survival rate of spring goslings

The climate in spring is cold and humid, and there are many pathogenic factors. The adaptability and resistance of newly hatched goslings to the external environment are not strong, so it is necessary to strengthen feeding management. Otherwise, it is easy to cause disease and even death. The author summarizes the measures to improve the survival rate according to practice as follows:

1. Site selection and disinfection: half a month before the purchase of spring goslings, the farm site and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned, then disinfected with 15% quicklime or 2% caustic soda water, and then washed with clear water; The goose shed is fully enclosed, fumigated and disinfected with formalin, and the next day, the door is opened and the window is ventilated and exhausted; Sterilization and drying of straw for bedding. In addition, before disinfection, the goose shed, equipment and utensils should be maintained, and the farm land should be trimmed, including the sports ground and swimming pool, to keep the sports ground flat and the swimming pool watertight.

2. Pay strict attention to heat preservation and moisture prevention: trim the goose shed, increase the warmth and firmness of the goose shed, and prepare enough bamboo baskets, warm-keeping supplies and sterilized dry straw for brooding. The ability of goslings to regulate body temperature is poor, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 weeks. The length of heat preservation time and the rise and fall of temperature depend on the change of environmental temperature and the growth and development of goslings. Usually, the age of 65,438+0-5 days is 26-28℃, 6. The age of 1 1- 15 is 22-24℃, and the age of 16-20 is 20-22℃. After storage, keep it above 18℃. Observe every day to prevent mutual heating from squeezing (pack spring goslings in bamboo baskets at night). If the goslings huddle together in spring, don't eat and sing low, it means that the temperature is too low; In spring, the goslings scattered, opened their mouths to breathe, their villi were wet, the number of times they drank water increased, and their cries were high and low, indicating that the house temperature was too high. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the temperature in time to reduce or increase ventilation. Humidity does great harm to goslings and affects their growth and development. The humidity is high, and goslings are prone to catch cold in spring, leading to colds and diarrhea. When the temperature is high and the humidity is high, the outward heat dissipation of the goose body is inhibited, which affects metabolism, reduces appetite, weakens resistance and is easy to get sick. Generally, the humidity is kept at 60-65%. With the increase of the age of spring goslings, the intake, drinking water and excretion increased, and the humidity of goose houses increased. Therefore, it is necessary to change the mat frequently, change hay once a day, sprinkle appropriate amount of quicklime and plant ash for ventilation, and reduce the humidity in the goose shed.

3. Choose good goose fry: When buying fry, choose a goose farm with strict epidemic prevention and disinfection system, strong goose constitution and high hatching rate. Goslings should be those with early shell, heavy weight, good physique, good appearance, soft down, clean nose, mouth and anus, no secretions, lively and active, and loud cries.

4. Drink water, eat and graze in time: You should drink water before eating. If you drink water after eating or don't drink water for several consecutive meals, the goslings will get sick when they encounter water, commonly known as (grabbing water). Usually, after leaving the shell 10- 15 hours, the fluff dries, and it makes a sound and can get up. If you seduce with your fingers, most of them reach out and peck at your fingers, looking like eating. They can drink 0.02% potassium permanganate aqueous solution and water containing vitamins B 1 and B6. If conditions permit, at noon on a sunny day in spring, put the gosling into the clean river and let the gosling drink freely. The first drinking time should not be too long, but 3-5 minutes is appropriate. The water consumption of goslings depends on the temperature, generally 2-3 times a day; In case of low temperature, you can drink the water in the indoor water tank. When eating, spread it on the ground with a tarpaulin or plastic film, sprinkle with washed and dried filamentary green feed (such as lettuce leaves, Chinese cabbage and ryegrass) and soaked broken rice (soaked in 1 hour), then put the gosling in, eat it at will, and add it while eating.

It is necessary to fully ensure the supply of green feed, appropriately increase the protein in the diet, do not feed moldy and deteriorated feed, and feed it regularly and quantitatively, every 2-3 hours 1 time, 6-8 times a day; One-week-old goslings should be fed 6-7 times every morning and evening, 5-6 times during the day (once every 2.0-2.5 hours), and feeding at night is an important condition for raising goslings well. You can also check the temperature to prevent squeezing. After 7 days of age, on sunny days when the temperature is above 24℃, water can be released in the shallow pool first; After 10 days old, you can graze in a flat place with water and grass on a sunny day with a temperature of about 24℃, so that they can eat freely and exercise properly to improve their palatability. In case of cold and rainy weather, release water after half a month. The first discharge time should be short, which will be extended with age; When grazing and releasing water, attention should be paid to preventing electric shock, sun protection, rain protection, thunder prevention and rodent damage.

5. Reasonable grouping Due to factors such as great changes in the weather in spring, sick goslings such as slow movement, loss of appetite, listlessness and abnormal defecation often appear. Sick goslings should be isolated and raised in groups according to their size and strength.

6. Do a good job in epidemic prevention and rodent control. In spring, the weather is cold and humid, and bacteria and viruses are most likely to invade and cause diseases. Therefore, vaccination according to the immunization program after hatching can ensure the healthy growth of goslings. Garlicin is added to daily drinking water or feed, and andrographis paniculata and houttuynia cordata are added to green feed to prevent dysentery and Escherichia coli. Rats and snakes are the most harmful to goslings, and goslings are often killed at night, so there should be lights at night, strengthen nursing and completely eliminate rats and snakes in the surrounding environment.