What is the difference between the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, the Red Army and the People's Liberation Army?

The difference between the Red Army, the New Fourth Army, the Eighth Route Army and the People's Liberation Army

The army led by the Central Plains Production Party in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is generally called the Red Army; War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression established a United front, and the army led by the Producer Party began to be numbered with the Kuomintang army. Among them, the * * * Producer Party Army in northern Shaanxi was organized as the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, referred to as the Eighth Route Army for short, and the Jiangnan * * * Producer Army, which continued its revolution in the former Central Revolutionary Base, was reorganized into the New Fourth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the * * * Party army that entered the stage of the war of liberation was called the People's Liberation Army, which is still in use today.

123 September 946

Our army began to use the title of "China People's Liberation Army"

1September, 946, the armed forces led by China's * * * production party began to use the title of "People's Liberation Army" one after another. Prior to this, in order to strive for domestic peace and show sincerity in peace talks, the Central Committee decided to continue to use the title of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army and stop some troops (such as Shandong) from using the title of "China People's Liberation Army".

Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants 1 Aug. 1 Day, led by Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, etc. Under the influence of the Party, more than 30,000 Northern Expeditionary Forces held an armed uprising in Nanchang. After joining forces with the autumn harvest uprising troops led by Mao Zedong in September, the revolutionary army of workers and peasants was established.

The Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, referred to as the "Red Army" for short, was renamed by revolutionary armed forces such as the Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants after May 1928.

In order to defeat the Japanese invaders, our party changed the main force of the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolution (also known as the 18th Army) in August 1937.

1937, 10 In June, the New Fourth Army concentrated Red Army guerrillas in eight provinces including Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang and Anhui, and was renamed the New Fourth Army of China Revolutionary Army, hereinafter referred to as the New Fourth Army.

China People's Liberation Army (PLA) started from mid-August 1945, and our Party Central Committee renamed the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and other anti-Japanese armed forces as China People's Liberation Army.

The name of the China People's Liberation Army came into being:

In August 1945, 1 1, Yan' an headquarters adopted the name of "China People's Liberation Army" for the first time in its publicly issued orders.

"China People's Liberation Army" is a name that people in China have been familiar with for more than 50 years, and it is also the military name finally determined by the army led by China's * * * production party after several historical evolutions. In the unknown years in Chixian County, hundreds of millions of suffering people are always looking forward to the savior-like army to liberate them. In line with this situation, on the day of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China first proposed the name "China People's Liberation Army". After that, with the change of the situation, it took a long time for this title to apply to the whole army.

China * * * production party has experienced a tortuous course after the founding of the army, and its name has also changed several times. * * * The Guangdong District Committee first established an armored convoy (only 120 people) at the end of 1924. It was expanded into an independent regiment in Ye Ting the following autumn and expanded into six regiments during the Northern Expedition. At that time, the army led by the * * * production party was still listed as a part of the national revolutionary army because of the cooperation of the state in the national revolution.

1, 1, 0927 During the Nanchang Uprising in August, the insurgents still carried the left flag of the Kuomintang, so they continued to use the designation "Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army", except that the participants wore a red tie around their necks as an identification sign.

1In August, 927, the Central Committee held the August 7th meeting and decided not to beat party flag, a "smelly" national. In September, when Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising, he renamed the army the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants. During the Guangzhou Uprising in June 5438+February of the same year, referring to the model of the Soviet Red Army, the banner of "Red Army of Workers and Peasants" was first displayed. After the summer of 1928, the party-led troops in Jinggangshan and other areas were renamed the Red Army of Workers and Peasants.

After the Japanese invaded China, in order to unite other social classes in the war of resistance against Japan, the China * * * Production Party renamed the Northeast Anti-Japanese Guerrillas such as the Red 32nd Army as the People's Revolutionary Army in 1933, and later renamed it the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and in 1935 suggested that all anti-Japanese troops in the country adopt this name. 1in the summer of 937, although the Kuomintang authorities stopped suppressing * * *, they refused to cooperate with the * * * production party on an equal footing with arrogance, even refused to establish a joint force, and only allowed the Red Army to be part of its national revolutionary army. Considering the disparity in national strength, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China agreed that the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Red Army was the Eighth Route Army and the southern guerrillas were the New Fourth Army. The officers and men reluctantly took off the red five-star hat symbolizing the "five continents" and put on the Kuomintang military uniform and the right emblem.

The Military Commission of the National Government awarded the title of the Eighth Route Army for only two months, and later changed it to the title of "18th Army". In view of the fact that the group army is only temporarily established in wartime and can be cancelled at any time, the reputation of the "Eighth Route Army" has spread all over the country, and the central government has decided not to change its designation, but only to use the name of the eighteenth group army when dealing with the Kuomintang. 194 1 At the beginning of the year, the Kuomintang launched the Southern Anhui Incident, announced the "mutiny" of the New Fourth Army and ordered its dissolution. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ordered the army units to keep their titles and renamed most of the Eighth Route Army south of the Yellow River as the New Fourth Army. Because Chiang Kai-shek has declared it a "rebel army", it doesn't have to use this name to attack the stubborn Kuomintang army.

In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the base area established by the * * * production party was called the liberated area, and the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the South China Anti-Japanese Column were also collectively referred to as "liberated area troops" in the propaganda. 1945 In the spring, when the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Yan 'an, it was planned that the whole army would be called the People's Liberation Army in the future, and this title first appeared in the New Fourth Army in Central China. However, in view of the fact that the Eighth Route Army and the Kuomintang authorities have not divorced from the nominal affiliation, the Central Committee did not officially change its name before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

On the evening of August 1945, 10, the news of Japan's begging for surrender came from telecommunications, and Chongqing, Yan 'an and other places immediately boiled up that night. The next day, many newspapers published the poem "News from the distant West Station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop tears from pouring down my coat "on the front page, but the high command of the two countries immediately entered an extremely busy state all night. According to Shi Zhe, an old man who worked in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at that time, Mao Zedong was not only too busy to sleep, but also too busy to eat. Because it was too hot, he sat on the stone bench outside the jujube garden cave and drafted the telegram. The staff put the freshly harvested melons and fruits beside him. When he is thirsty and hungry, he eats a few pieces like the wind and then concentrates on his work.

On August 1 1, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Japanese puppet troops to "maintain order" on the spot, while urging his own troops to snatch the fruits of victory, and ordered the 18th Army to "stand by" and not to confiscate the guns of the enemy and puppet troops. Mao Zedong, on the other hand, drafted more than a dozen orders and inner-party notices day and night in the cave, indicating that the situation was "the Japanese surrendered and the civil war was coming". Considering to "start a new stove", completely break away from the Kuomintang and go to war, the official name of "People's Liberation Army" first appeared in the order drafted by Mao Zedong in the name of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De on August1/KLOC-0.

Because the current domestic situation is still unclear, the name "People's Liberation Army" has not been popularized. For example, when Commander-in-Chief Zhu put forward this title in August 1 1 3, it was also used with the Eighth Route Army designation. On August 13, the editorial of Liberation Daily, the central organ newspaper of China, also adopted various titles such as "China People's Liberation Army, Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army".

Only 10 days later, that is, in late August, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a new judgment on the development of the domestic situation, believing that China was hopeful to enter a "new stage of peaceful development", and Mao Zedong also decided to go to Chongqing for negotiations. Since we are ready to cooperate with the Kuomintang to build the country, the army must be unified and reorganized in name. Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the whole army would stop using the name of "China People's Liberation Army" and still use the names of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. 1In the autumn of 945, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army sent to the Northeast encountered new problems that the Soviet Union could not admit because of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance. The central government decided to change its name to the Northeast People's Autonomous Army (later called the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces) and let it go in the name of the spontaneous armed forces of the local people.

1in late June, 946, the Kuomintang launched a full-scale civil war, and the armistice and the agreement of the whole army became waste paper. With the hope of resuming peace talks, the possibility of full-scale self-defense war and the possibility of complete defeat of Kuomintang troops, the troops in the liberated areas were called "People's Liberation Army" from the autumn and winter of 1946. 1947 In March, the Kuomintang expelled the negotiators of the * * * production party and captured Yan 'an, and the country finally broke down. In late March, when the Central Military Commission issued an order to the outside world, it officially adopted the name of "China People's Liberation Army Headquarters". The political significance of changing the title is to show the whole country that the goal of the war is to overthrow the Kuomintang rule and liberate all China.

Nationwide, Northeast China has long used the title of "Democratic Allied Forces" because of special international factors, while local soldiers and civilians are used to using the title of "Eighth Route Army". 1in the winter of 947, General Manager Dong took into account the excellent situation at that time and had little scruples about publicity. In his report to the Central Committee, he proposed that in order to unify the army under the leadership of the Party, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces should be renamed the People's Liberation Army, and the Central Committee immediately agreed. Under the unified banner of the People's Liberation Army, the whole army quickly won the liberation of China.

After the founding of New China, the People's Liberation Army mainly played the role of the National Defence Force, but the title reflecting the glorious tradition has always been used. However, under some special foreign combat conditions, the name of the army has also changed. For example, in 1950, when China sent troops to North Korea, if it still used the name of the People's Liberation Army, it would mean that China's government forces officially declared war on the United States and more than a dozen other countries. In order to limit the war to a part of Korea, Mao Zedong decided to "use the name of volunteers", which is equivalent to the spontaneous armed participation of the people in international law. The United States was afraid of a big war with New China, and it also recognized this name in the subsequent armistice negotiations. However, it was not until 1972 that Nixon visited China that Zhou Enlai talked about the word "volunteer army". The president of the United States is still very sensitive and immediately said that it is actually the regular army of the country.

In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which lasted for two years and nine months, 70% of the PLA's field troops took turns to fight in the DPRK, and the Volunteer Command was actually the former enemy command of the PLA. There are also some air force units in China who won the title of Volunteers without crossing the Yalu River, and were dubbed as "Volunteers to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea without crossing the River". However, due to the need of diplomacy and propaganda, the title of Volunteer Army was kept until 1958, when China withdrew its troops from North Korea. Later, in the struggle to aid Vietnam and resist the United States, in order to conceal their identity, the PLA troops entering Vietnam also adopted the name of the Volunteer Engineering Team.

Looking back at the tortuous process of adopting the name "People's Liberation Army" by the army led by China's * * * production party, we can see that the people's army has a high degree of flexibility, which is based on the change of the situation to achieve the unity of revolutionary principles and tactics in its name, and has also been vividly reflected in the change of the name of the army.