Who can provide a systematic note on regional geography?

Regional geography is located in the vast land of China. Due to the differences in geographical location and natural conditions, humanities and economy also have their own characteristics. The whole country can be divided into three natural regions: the eastern monsoon region, the arid and semi-arid region in the northwest and the Qinghai-Tibet alpine region. Among them, the eastern monsoon region is divided into northern region and southern region with Qinling-Huaihe River as the boundary because of the great difference between north and south latitudes. Therefore, the whole country can be divided into four parts: northern region, southern region, northwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region.

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The northern region refers to the northern part of the eastern monsoon region of China, mainly to the north of the Qinling-Huaihe line, to the east of Daxinganling and Wushaoling, and to the east of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Including all or most of the three northeastern provinces, five provinces and two cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and southeastern Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and northern Anhui. The area accounts for about 20% of the whole country, and the population accounts for about 40% of the whole country, among which the Han nationality accounts for the vast majority, and the minority population is relatively large, including Manchu and Korean living in the northeast.

Southern region

The southern region refers to the southern part of the eastern monsoon region of China, mainly to the south of the Qinling-Huaihe line, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, and the East China Sea and the South China Sea in the east and south. The length of mainland coastline accounts for more than 2/3 of the whole country. The scope of this area includes six provinces and one city in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southern coastal areas and most of the four provinces and cities in the southwest. The area accounts for about 25% of the country, the population accounts for about 55% of the country, and the Han nationality accounts for the majority. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities in this area, with a population of more than 50 million, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and Qionglai, among which Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Hani, Dai and Li have a large number.

northwest area

Northwest China is located inland, west of Daxing 'anling Mountain, north of Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain-Qilian Mountain and Great Wall, including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and northwest Gansu Province. The region has a long border, bordering Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and other countries. This area is vast, accounting for about 30% of the national area and 4% of the national population. This is a sparsely populated area. Northwest China is one of the areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities in China. The population of ethnic minorities accounts for about 1/3 of the total population, mainly Mongolian, Hui, Uygur and Kazak.

Tibetan-inhabited area

The Qinghai-Tibet region is located in the southwest of China, west of Hengduan Mountains, north of Himalayan Mountains, south of Kunlun Mountains, Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains, including Qinghai, Tibet and western Sichuan. The area accounts for about 25% of the whole country, and the population is less than 1% of the whole country. This is a Tibetan community in China. Xizang Autonomous Region borders Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal and other countries.

First, the importance of regional geography review

Regional geography designation book

The examination instructions compiled by the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education divide the contents of the geography college entrance examination into four parts, namely, physical geography and maps, human geography, world geography and China geography. Generally speaking, the composition of college entrance examination questions is provided by junior high school geography, in which world geography mainly uses line segments (latitude and longitude) to define the regional scope or small-scale regional maps to give the regional scope, and China geography mainly uses the principle of senior high school geography to provide hot spots and key issues (or regional selection points) of China's economic and social development for analysis, judgment and explanation.

It can be seen that the regional geography examination questions are the carrier and embodiment of the examination contents and requirements, and regional geography plays a very important role in the review of the whole senior three geography. Then, how to deal with the relationship between junior high school regional geography and senior high school geography, so as to improve the efficiency of regional geography review? Through the analysis and research of regional geography examination questions in recent years, we can make clear the characteristics of the examination, understand the characteristics of the regional geography examination, and help to make clear the review requirements of regional geography.

Second, the characteristics of regional geography

Identification of 1. region

Generally speaking, regional geography test questions are marked with latitude and longitude maps, maps of some administrative regions, maps containing special geographical things and notes (such as lakes and rivers), geographical charts, data and text descriptions as "background", and on this basis, topics are set and corresponding questions and answers are put forward.

To solve this kind of regional geography test questions, we should first read the "background" materials (maps, charts, images, words, etc. ) extract effective information and accurately identify the areas involved in the test questions. Therefore, "identifying the area" is the premise of solving the problem correctly.

2. Regional comparison and analysis

The examination questions provide information in the form of maps, schematic diagrams, charts, data and words. This information includes not only natural aspects such as geographical location, topography, climate, meteorology, resources and energy, but also human aspects such as administrative areas, population, cities, agriculture, agricultural products, industry, industrial products, environment and environmental issues, regional development and development. The topic requires candidates to analyze and compare the background materials provided or displayed, and answer related questions. It can be seen from the college entrance examination questions in recent years that regional comparative analysis is a process of clearly identifying the correct options by using the information provided by the questions or the combination information of "conditions"; It is a complex thinking activity, aiming at setting questions, integrating knowledge and organizing answers. The content of comparative analysis is mostly the comparative analysis of regional elements; Comparison and analysis of regional characteristics; Comparison and analysis of characteristic reasons; Identify, compare and analyze regional differences. In the process of regional comparative analysis, we often use the related theories of physical geography and human geography learned from high school geography.

Third, the review requirements of regional geography

The review of regional geography has the characteristics of foundation, common sense and comprehensiveness. Senior three review should start from regional geography and finally return to the region. Starting from the region means that the review of regional geography is arranged before the review of senior high school geography, that is, the related contents of China geography and world geography in junior high school. At this time, the review highlights the foundation and common sense, and requires students to remember and master some important geographical things, geographical boundaries and important regional characteristics on the basis of understanding, so as to lay the foundation for the review of systematic geography. For example, the college entrance examination requires the location, scope and outline of China and eight countries in the world, as well as the important longitude and latitude and the regions and countries it passes through. Returning to the region is mainly due to the comprehensive characteristics of the region. Any region is a complex composed of many natural, social and economic factors, especially Geography Elective 2, which takes China as the background for land consolidation. Therefore, regional geography naturally becomes the starting point of the proposition of the college entrance examination, and the social hotspots involved in the college entrance examination are regional in nature. Therefore, the review of senior three is based on the region to help students gradually form the ability of comprehensive analysis, finding problems and solving problems.

1, to build a "map in the brain" for teachers and students.

At the beginning of reviewing geography, students often ignore the use of geography charts and are only interested in the text in the textbook. In the geography college entrance examination, various geographical maps and tables occupy an important position (1999 college entrance examination 34 geographical maps and tables). Teachers should emphasize to students from time to time that the key to learning geography well lies in learning geography charts, especially maps. Students should be allowed to draw geographical charts regularly, so that they can get into the habit of using charts to help them think and remember. Especially when reviewing longitude and latitude, time zone calculation, solar altitude angle, geographical distribution of China and the world, climate and so on, charts play an irreplaceable role.

Drawing a large number of maps can help students form a "map in their mind" as soon as possible, so that students can get twice the result with half the effort in their future studies.

2. Use maps to "get to know" the area.

Looking back on regional geography, it is important to construct the spatial concepts of China geography and world geography. Put the natural and human contents involved in regional geography on the corresponding map. We should use maps to grasp the spatial distribution, spatial structure, spatial relationship and spatial differences of geographical things. It is also necessary to clarify the changing process and laws of the spatial development of geographical things.

Through the use of maps, the review of "understanding" areas should be detailed rather than rough. For the review of China's geography and zoning, the review of world geography and zoning and key countries, we should strive to do cartographic training one by one on blank maps with latitude and longitude grids. Regardless of the size and content of the area, students need to correctly identify the area map.

3. Review highlighting regional characteristics and differences.

The review of regional geography should also be based on the characteristics of the content and knowledge system, compile the corresponding knowledge structure, use the knowledge structure, review comprehensively and systematically, and highlight the mastery of the "backbone" content.

The comprehensive and regional nature of geography is its outstanding feature. The regional geographical characteristics and obvious differences between regions formed by the interrelation and interaction of various geographical elements in a region are the key points that must be highlighted in the review of regional geography.

4. Insist on integrating theory with practice.

The college entrance examination focuses on the ability test, which examines students' mastery of basic knowledge and skills of related courses, as well as their ability to comprehensively apply what they have learned to analyze and solve practical problems. The college entrance examination pays more attention to "hot spots" and attaches importance to integrating theory with practice.

China has a vast territory, and all regions develop their economies according to local conditions. Many important principles and policies promulgated by the state and many major projects in regional development are not included in the teaching materials, but these major "geographical current events" may become the "material" of the proposition. For example, the development of the western region, the transmission of electricity from the west to the east, and the South-to-North water transfer have all been reflected in the college entrance examination questions in the past two years to varying degrees.

In foreign countries, some important "international current affairs" and some "hot spots" should also be paid close attention to when reviewing in the region.

Candidates are advised to watch "News Network" TV programs every day and pay attention to major events at home and abroad in time.

5, special review, combining teaching with practice, focusing on practice.

According to the specific situation, the topics are big and small, and they are not eclectic. As long as it is conducive to students' mastery, it can be offered. It can be a topic with inductive knowledge, such as "Lake", "Island" and "Most", or it can be a topic with skills, such as "Method of answering multiple-choice questions" and "Image analysis".

We can divide topics into two categories: declarative topics and practical topics. For some topics that are difficult or time-consuming to sum up due to the limitation of students' ability, teachers can write down the knowledge in declarative sentences and print it out for students. Most of the projects should be completed by students themselves in the form of exercises. Teachers carefully edit the topics or tips, and students summarize. In this way, students' learning enthusiasm will be effectively mobilized and the learning effect will be more significant. In these special topics, it is necessary to reflect the training of geographical skills, promote students' hands-on, master and use the necessary geographical skills skillfully, and deepen their understanding and memory of knowledge while doing so.

6. The exercises should be carefully selected

In the process of reviewing regional geography, we should do some exercises related to the content appropriately. Candidates should carefully select the exercises they have done (the teacher is advised to help them choose).

The topic selection should be clear, and the investigation objectives should be clear. The situation setting and angle of the test questions are ingenious, scientific, reasonable and appropriate. The materials and data used in the topic are accurate; Map and chart specifications involved in the topic shall be clearly marked; The answer to the question is accurate and standardized.

In the comprehensive review stage, teachers need to compile a series of comprehensive exercises in a targeted manner, which is not easy, too deep and too difficult. Comment on exercises in time, and check for missing parts. Do a good job in psychological counseling of students, adjust their psychological quality and improve their ability to take exams.

Candidates should pay attention to practical results when doing questions, test their mastery of basic knowledge and skills by doing questions, and improve their ability to analyze and solve practical problems by using what they have learned.

Fourth, the specific content analysis.

(1) China's territory, administrative divisions and nationalities.

Propositional trend

(1) geographical location and its advantages

(2) Territorial composition: territorial area and four-point territory; Territorial waters, inland seas and sea areas under national jurisdiction; Main peninsulas, islands, straits and their distribution

(3) Land neighbors and countries across the sea.

(4) Administrative divisions: the establishment of three administrative divisions, the names, abbreviations, administrative centers and locations of 34 provincial administrative units.

China is a unified multi-ethnic country. Characteristics of ethnic distribution and regional distribution of major ethnic minorities in China.

When making a proposition, this part of knowledge is often combined with topography, climate, traffic lines, industrial and agricultural production, commerce, tourism and so on. At the same time, it often takes current political hotspots as the starting point to investigate politics, current affairs history, future planning and development and other related issues, which has great flexibility.

(2) The topography and climate of China.

Propositional trend

(1) The general characteristics of China's topography, the characteristics and distribution of various landforms. Terrain ladder division and main terrain areas of all levels of ladder

(2) Mountain is an important geographical dividing line of China. Such as terrain step boundary, watershed boundary, boundary between monsoon region and non-monsoon region, temperature zone boundary, 1 month 0℃ isotherm and mountains passing through 800 mm annual precipitation line.

(3) The influence of topography on the natural environment of China. The main influence of various landforms on economic development

(4) The distribution of earthquake zones and volcanoes in China.

5. Distribution characteristics, causes and temperature zoning of winter and summer temperatures.

Distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation. Influence of monsoon activity on precipitation and its seasonal variation. Monsoon zone and non-monsoon zone, dry zone and humid zone

Once the main characteristics of climate and its influence on production and life.

Major disaster weather and its influence on production and life.

Levies knowledge of weather forecast

(10) temperature zone law