Introduce the natural geographical environment and humanities of Spain

Natural geographical environment:

1. Location: Spain has a total area of ??505,925 square kilometers (including 499,542 square kilometers of land area and 5,240 square kilometers of water area), ranking fifth in Europe , the northernmost point to the southernmost point of the mainland is about 830 kilometers, and the longest east-west direction is 1,000 kilometers.

Most of the territory is located on the Iberian Peninsula, connected to France and Andorra across the Pyrenees Mountains to the northeast, and Portugal to the west. It faces Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar to the south. It faces the Bay of Biscay to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and Italy across the sea, and the Atlantic Ocean to the northwest and southwest. ?

2. Topography: The terrain of Spain is mainly plateaus, with mountains in between. Mount Murasen, with an altitude of 3718 meters, is the highest point in the country. The Meseta Plateau in the middle is an enclosed plateau surrounded by mountains, accounting for about 3/5 of the country's area, with an average altitude of 600 to 800 meters. To the north are the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees Mountains, which stretch from east to west. The Pyrenees Mountains are the boundary between Spain and France. They are more than 430 kilometers long and have peaks above 3,000 meters above sea level.

The highest point in Spain is in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the south. The main peak, Mount Murasen, is 3,478 meters above sea level and is the roof of the Iberian Peninsula.

As the mountains approach the coast, the plains are few and narrow. The only wide ones are the Ebro Valley in the northeast and the Andalusian plain in the southwest.

11% of the land in Spain is below 200 meters above sea level, 31% is between 201 meters and 600 meters, 39% is between 601 meters and 1000 meters, 18% is between 1001 meters and 2000 meters, and the altitude is above 2000 meters. Accounting for 1%.

Northern mountainous areas: including the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains.

Central Plateau: including the Cordillera Mountains, Old Castile Plateau, and New Castile Plateau.

Aragon Plains

Mediterranean Coast Mountains

Andalusian Plains?

3. Hydrology: The main river in Spain is the Ebro Rivers, Douro, Tagus, Guadiana and Guadalquivir.

The longest is the Tagus River, 1,007 kilometers long, with its downstream in Portugal. The Ebro River is 910 kilometers long and runs its entire length within the territory. It is sometimes regarded as the largest river in Spain. Due to the twists and turns of these rivers, only the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir are navigable, and no other rivers are navigable.

4. Climate: The central Spanish plateau has a continental climate, the northern and northwest coasts have a maritime temperate climate, and the southern and southeastern parts have a Mediterranean subtropical climate.

Mediterranean climate: Eastern and southern Spain and the Canary Islands mostly have a subtropical climate.

Inland temperate continental climate: Northern Spain has cold winters (often with snow) and hot summers.

The temperate maritime climate of the North Atlantic coastal climate: the summer climate is mild and the rainfall is mainly concentrated in winter.

Humanities:

1. Population and ethnicity: Spain has more than 20 ethnic groups. The main ones are: Castilians (Spanish), accounting for about 73% of the total population, Catalans (accounting for about 15% of the total population), Galicians (accounting for about 7% of the total population) %) and the Basques (about 5% of the total population).

2. Economy: Spain is a moderately developed capitalist industrial country, with its economic aggregate ranking fifth in the EU. In the early 1980s, Western countries began to implement austerity, adjustment, and reform policies and adopted a series of economic liberalization measures. Taking the opportunity of joining the European Union in 1986, economic development reached a climax. In the early 1990s, due to economic overheating, economic growth slowed down and fell into recession.

Since the mid-1990s, under the influence of the macro-control policies adopted by the Spanish government, the economy has begun to rebound and has continued to grow steadily. After Spain became the first batch of countries to join the Eurozone in May 1998, its economy has continued to grow rapidly, with annual growth rates higher than the average level of EU countries.

In recent years, affected by the global financial crisis, Western financial risks have increased, the real estate bubble has burst, the unemployment rate has soared, the economy has declined rapidly, and social development has faced severe challenges. In June 2012, the West applied to the Eurozone for a preferential loan of no more than 100 billion euros to rescue the banking industry.

3. Language: Spain has four main languages. Except for Spanish, which is the official language of the country, the other three are official languages ??at the regional level.

4. Religion: Spain belongs to the Christian cultural circle, and many taboos are the same as those in European and American countries. For example, "13" is regarded as an unlucky number, yellow, purple, black, chrysanthemums, etc. are taboo.

5. Customs: Spanish folk customs are unrestrained and enthusiastic. The locals love bullfighting and are keen on dancing flamenco. It is also the hometown of guitar. Modern classical guitar originated and flourished in Spain.

On July 3, 2005, Spain became the third country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espa?a; English: The Kingdom of Spain), referred to as Spain, is located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, at the junction of Europe and Africa. It borders Portugal to the north, the Bay of Biscay to the north, France and Andorra to the northeast, and Morocco in Africa to the south across the Strait of Gibraltar. Its territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic and the African Islands. Ceuta and Melilla. The country is a mountainous country with a total area of ??505,925 square kilometers and a coastline of approximately 7,800 kilometers. Spanish is the second-largest country in the world with Spanish as its official language, second only to English.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Spain