I want to know about the system and mechanism of meteorological information sharing.

Climate is an integral part of the natural environment and the most important environmental condition for human activities. At present, climate change and extreme weather and climate events are threatening the social and economic development of countries all over the world and the safety of people's lives and property, and seriously affecting the realization of the strategic goal of global sustainable development. Maintaining the balance of the climate system and coordinating the relationship between man and nature has become one of the major issues of great concern in the world today. Meteorological scientific data describing the state and characteristics of the atmosphere and its related circles are not only the research basis of climate system-related disciplines, but also indispensable and important information for national economic construction, social development, national defense construction, environmental protection, ecological construction and people's lives.

Scientific data is the basic data and materials produced by scientific and technological activities in human society, as well as data products and related information processed systematically according to different needs. It has obvious potential value and development value, and can be continuously added in the process of wide application. It is the most basic, active and influential scientific and technological information resource in the information age. Scientific data sharing is not only an urgent need for contemporary scientific and technological innovation and development, but also an important basic support for coordinated and sustainable economic and social development.

Meteorological scientific data is listed as the first batch of national scientific data sharing projects because of its wide application demand and good business foundation. The following briefly introduces the progress and future development ideas of meteorological science data sharing in recent years.

First, the current situation and business support environment of meteorological scientific data in China

In China, meteorological scientific data is one of the earth information resources with the longest history, the most complete preservation and the strongest system. Because of its special geographical location and diverse natural conditions, especially the unique conditions of rich cultural records and natural records, China has attracted much attention from international academic circles. After years of construction and development, China's meteorological department has formed a detection system of the atmosphere and its related environment combining ground and air. Including conventional ground, high altitude, radiation, acid rain, agricultural meteorological observation, atmospheric background observation stations and many other special observation stations. In addition, we have established two long-term observation stations in Antarctica, Zhongshan and Great Wall.

At present, China is one of the few countries in the world with both polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites. The two operational satellites complement each other in time and space, and can continuously obtain global all-weather and multi-spectral massive atmospheric environmental information. Relying on FY- 1 and FY-2 meteorological satellite application systems, China Meteorological Bureau has established the most complete satellite data receiving application system in China. We have received and saved the data of domestic and foreign meteorological satellites and earth environmental monitoring satellites such as FY- 1, NOAA, FY-2, GMS, METEOSAT and EOS.

At present, China is deploying a new generation of weather radar monitoring network along the coastline, major rivers, lakes and important inland cities. The obtained data will not only significantly improve the ability of short-term weather forecasting, but also play an important role in ecological monitoring, aviation security and disaster prevention and mitigation.

In order to further improve China's sandstorm monitoring and early warning capability, China's sandstorm monitoring system has deployed soil moisture monitoring instruments at the existing 15 meteorological stations, band solar photometers at 20 stations, atmospheric thermal infrared radiation instruments at 15 stations, atmospheric visibility instruments at 10 stations, and atmospheric total suspended particles and atmospheric floating dust mass concentrations at 15 stations. Quantitative monitoring of soil moisture, vegetation status, boundary layer parameters, physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol and its spatial distribution.

After long-term accumulation, China Meteorological Bureau has a large number of preliminarily standardized climate system observation data. At present, the data stock has exceeded 100TB. In the future, with the completion and operation of a new generation of Doppler weather radar, meteorological environment satellite and new automatic observation network, the annual data increment will exceed 200TB.

As a supporting environment for data sharing, China Meteorological Bureau has a relatively complete meteorological information network communication system and is one of the regional centers of the Global Meteorological Communication System (GTS) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The meteorological comprehensive information network system of China Meteorological Bureau (referred to as 92 10) has formed a real-time collection, transmission and release system of meteorological data and products at national, provincial, prefectural and county levels. The global meteorological communication system, managed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and participated by all countries in the world, carries out real-time data exchange and data product distribution of the global observation network.

China Meteorological Bureau uses a huge computer system to process a large amount of meteorological data every day. The National North High Performance Computing Center is located in the National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Bureau. With domestic supercomputers such as Shenwei, Yinhe, Shuguang, IBM and CRAY, it provides reliable hardware facilities for data sharing. At present, the national meteorological data storage and retrieval system and Fengyun 02 batch ground application system are being implemented, which can provide efficient business systems and massive storage environment support for the collection, processing, storage and service of various meteorological data.

II. Progress and operational mechanism of meteorological scientific data * * *

As a member of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), China has extensive meteorological cooperation and exchange of meteorological data and products with the international community. We joined the global meteorological communication system on 1980, and tens of thousands of meteorological reports are sent to countries all over the world every day, providing services for weather forecasting, disaster warning and operational research all over the world. At the same time, according to the spirit of WMO Resolution 40, China actively provides basic long-sequence historical materials for international exchanges. We have established good cooperative relations with data institutions in many countries in the world. In China, as early as 1980s, China Meteorological Bureau transmitted meteorological data in real time to the General Staff Department, Air Division, Civil Aviation, Water Conservancy, Oceanography, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and other relevant departments and units. The meteorological satellite data we received are also publicly broadcast to all users.

200165438+February, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China Meteorological Bureau issued the Management Measures for Meteorological Data Sharing, and began to implement the pilot work of meteorological scientific data sharing, providing public welfare services to users in various fields through various forms such as network and media replication. In order to cooperate with the development of meteorological scientific data and continuously improve the service ability of meteorological scientific data, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the project of "Construction of meteorological data sharing system", which carried out research and development from three aspects: data resource integration, technical standard guarantee and * * sharing service platform; At the same time, China Meteorological Bureau has also integrated its internal resources and launched a service platform such as "Satellite Data Service Website". Through more than two years' construction, 68 kinds of data set products such as ground, high altitude, ocean-going ships, satellite remote sensing, etc. 13 kinds of * * * have been developed, and the total data volume has reached 740GB. A number of urgently needed data standards, specifications and technical schemes have been compiled, such as Meteorological Science Data Classification Standard, Meteorological Science Data Metadata Standard and Meteorological Data Access Service Implementation Rules. A distributed * * * service network consisting of a main node and eight sub-nodes has been initially established. The total amount of downloadable data on the Internet exceeds 100GB, providing users with online retrieval and data download services in various ways.

In the past three years, China Meteorological Bureau has provided a large number of offline and online meteorological science data sharing services for public welfare users. According to statistics, from June 65438, 2002 to March 2004, the National Meteorological Archives provided users with 627 loans in the fields of scientific research, government decision-making, national major project construction and national defense, providing 430GB of data. * * * Enjoy the service website) has more than 654.38+0.2 million visitors, 265.438+0.8 newly registered users and more than 500GB of data downloaded online.

In order to ensure the continuous and in-depth development of meteorological scientific data, the most important thing is to establish a set of management and operation mechanism conducive to the development of meteorological scientific data. In the pilot practice of * * * enjoyment, we mainly strengthened the * * * enjoyment system from the following three aspects.

First, at the national level, formulate the Measures for the Management of Meteorological Data Sharing to provide policy guidance and implementation basis for the development of data sharing.

Implement * * * enjoyment, policy first. China Meteorological Bureau attaches great importance to the formulation of departmental policies in the preparatory stage of * * * sharing pilot project. According to the legal principles of the Meteorological Law and referring to the relevant data exchange policies of the World Meteorological Organization, the Measures for the Management of Meteorological Data Sharing were formulated and promulgated, which not only provided a legal basis for the work of sharing meteorological scientific data, but also provided an effective guarantee for the rapid start and continuous standardization of this work.

Second, overall planning, key breakthroughs, and actively and steadily promote the enjoyment of work in accordance with the principle of classification.

Meteorological scientific data has a wide range, many types and great differences in foundation. In order to develop the public meteorological scientific data service quickly, we must face the urgent needs and base ourselves on the reality, and choose the conventional observation data and real-time satellite meteorological data with good foundation to provide services. At the same time, we will fully organize the development of new data sets to provide users with more and better meteorological scientific data products.

Third, strengthen management, pay attention to standards and establish a professional operation mechanism.

To carry out * * * services, we must first establish a strong organization and clarify responsibilities. At the beginning of * * * enjoyment, China Meteorological Bureau explicitly requested data management units at all levels to incorporate * * * enjoyment service into the annual work assessment target, and to incorporate data * * * enjoyment into the normal business process for standardized management, assessment and evaluation, so as to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of work, promote the connection between * * enjoyment work and meteorological information system planning and construction, and form a scientific, reasonable and unimpeded information system.

Third, the idea of further promoting the enjoyment of meteorological scientific data.

Although the first step has been taken to enjoy meteorological scientific data, and some achievements have been made, there is still a big gap between the national and social demand for meteorological scientific data. At present, only some conventional elements and real-time data with good foundation can provide services, and the overall benefits of meteorological scientific data are far from being fully exerted. In order to further deepen the sharing of meteorological scientific data, build a comprehensive meteorological scientific data sharing network system and a sustained and stable operation mechanism, it is necessary to promote scientific data sharing in a wider scope and at a deeper level, and work more solidly in the following four aspects according to the overall requirements of scientific data sharing project and the development plan of meteorological departments.

1. Give full play to the benefits of modernization, continuously improve the service level and ability of * * *, and provide more and better services for national development and social progress.

At present and in the next few years, meteorological modernization will be vigorously carried out, and various new observation instruments and equipment will be continuously applied to practical business, which will inevitably produce a large number of data with high spatial and temporal resolution and high scientific value. These data are traditional meteorological elements and parameters, and the observation accuracy and time-space density will be greatly improved through the upgrading of instruments and equipment. There are also new climate systems, such as terrestrial gas, water vapor, ecological environment, and various parameters of material and energy exchange between them. These data should not only be quickly applied in meteorological business and scientific research, but also be standardized to form standardized data products, provide services for other fields and departments, and maximize the national investment benefits. Accelerate the development of provincial-level high spatial-temporal density data and the construction of * * * service network system, and give full play to the overall data resources advantages of meteorological departments. This is an important task in the process of meteorological science data sharing.

2, relying on scientific and technological progress, vigorously strengthen the integration of data resources and historical data rescue, to provide quality data set products for * * * to enjoy services.

Strengthening the integration of data resources and constantly introducing high-quality data set products are the source of continuous development of meteorological scientific data enjoyment. To do this work well, first, carry out the rescue work of precious historical data and satellite remote sensing archives, and effectively protect and make good use of historical data resources; Second, strengthen the collation and development of paleoclimate data to provide scientific data support for climate change research; The third is to integrate multi-source data and develop comprehensive analysis products integrating ground-based and space-based data, conventional and special observation data, atmospheric and other spherical data; Fourth, focus on key scientific issues and hot areas, carry out thematic data processing and analysis, and form a number of comprehensive data set products.

3. Promote the integration and effective allocation of resources in the field of climate system with * * * enjoyment, and build a service platform for climate system data.

While carrying out extensive and in-depth scientific data sharing, taking the data fusion and sharing exchange of meteorological industry as a breakthrough, we will build an inter-departmental, multi-disciplinary, networked and distributed data sharing system covering the field of climate system, and form a smooth exchange and use of data information among departments, fields and industries, thus promoting the optimization, standardization, scientific and rational layout of various detection systems, communication transmission and data management platforms in the field of climate system.

4. Carry out extensive exchanges and cooperation at home and abroad, and actively create a mechanism and atmosphere for the open sharing of data resources.

In today's world, the intersection, integration and infiltration of disciplines are becoming increasingly obvious, and information exchange between different disciplines and different fields has become an urgent need. Similarly, with the development of modern atmospheric science, people pay more and more attention to the exploration and research on the interaction mechanism of the five circles of the climate system. In recent years, China Meteorological Bureau has carried out data exchange and sharing cooperation with Seismological Bureau, Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Civil Aviation Administration of China and Ministry of Water Resources, and signed a series of agreements with educational institutions such as Peking University, Qingdao Ocean University and Yunnan University through "bureau-school cooperation" to promote the efficient flow and low-cost utilization of scientific data. In the next step, based on the principle of exchanging needed goods, equality and mutual benefit, we will further expand the scope of cooperation, extensively carry out cooperative construction among departments, universities and colleges, form a two-way and multi-directional data circulation mechanism, and promote work in their respective fields. For a long time, international cooperation and exchanges in the field of meteorology have been very close. At present, China Meteorological Bureau has carried out meteorological science and technology cooperation and exchanges with more than 40 countries, signed meteorological science and technology cooperation agreements with more than 20 countries, and actively participated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), World Weather Monitoring Program (WWW), World Climate Research Program (WCRP), International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IHDP), global environmental change and other projects. In the future, we will adhere to the strategy of opening to the outside world, increase the intensity of opening to the outside world, strengthen international cooperation and exchanges in the development and management of scientific data, and accelerate the introduction and utilization of international data resources.

Fourth, some suggestions.

1, increase support for scientific data and promote the scientific allocation and effective utilization of national resources.

In order to make scientific data truly open and flow, and give full play to the benefits of * * * services, we need unified dispatching at the national level, strengthen planning support, focus on supporting a number of basic and public welfare fields such as meteorology, ocean, biology and medicine, and build a national-level scientific data center (network); Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the rescue and collation of historical data and scientific research project data previously stored in various departments, as well as the capacity building of * * * to enjoy services. Improve the ability of * * * enjoyment and online service, and promote the comprehensive enjoyment and effective utilization of scientific data.

2. According to the global climate observation plan, accelerate the implementation of the China climate observation system and promote the sharing of climate system data.

A large number of studies show that climate change is the result of various processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and cryosphere and their interactions. The impact of human activities is increasing, and the impact on the natural ecological environment is also increasing, making the problem more complicated. The international scientific community has put forward and is implementing the global climate system observation plan. China, located in the East Asian monsoon region, is one of the countries most seriously affected by global climate change. Therefore, it is of great and far-reaching significance for China to actively participate in the international GCOS plan and establish a climate observation system in China, which develops synchronously with advanced countries in the world. In order to accelerate the research and construction of China's climate system observation plan, it is necessary to strengthen multi-sectoral coordination at the national level, jointly promote the implementation of China's climate observation system plan, and strive to build China's climate observation system in an all-round way as soon as possible to realize the data sharing of climate system.

3, as soon as possible to develop national information * * * enjoy laws and policies, and create a new order of information * * *.

Breaking the information barrier, tapping the data resources of various departments, and doing a good job in scientific data collection, quality control, data storage management, classified services and other aspects all need the norms and guarantees of national laws and regulations. At the same time, the intellectual property issues involved in data sharing services, the distribution and utilization of scientific data in line with international standards, and the protection rights of confidential scientific data and materials also need to be supported by sound management methods and legal systems to standardize scientific data sharing, strengthen management, improve efficiency, give full play to the maximum benefits of scientific data, and serve the needs of society and the country while safeguarding national security. Therefore, we should speed up the process of formulating national laws and policies on information acquisition, fundamentally standardize the acquisition of scientific data, and ensure its sustained and in-depth development.

We believe that through the macro-planning and strong support of the country, the close cooperation of China Meteorological Bureau and relevant departments, and the hard work of the vast number of scientific and technological workers, meteorological science data sharing will surely develop in an all-round way, and climate system data sharing will surely provide more solid support for building a well-off society in an all-round way, promoting the harmonious development between man and nature, and promoting scientific and technological innovation and progress in the world.

(Source: "Scientific China People")