What information do you have about Shenzhou?

From November 2th to 21st, 1999, the flight test of the first unmanned Shenzhou spacecraft in China's manned spaceflight project was a complete success. From the beginning of 21 to the end of 22, Shenzhou 2 ~ 4 unmanned test spacecraft were successively developed and launched, and valuable test data were obtained, which laid a solid foundation for carrying out manned space flight. Shenzhou-5 spacecraft is the first manned spacecraft developed on the basis of unmanned spacecraft in China. It has an astronaut and runs in orbit for one day. During the whole flight, we will provide the astronauts with necessary living and working conditions, and at the same time send the astronauts' physiological data and TV images to the ground to ensure the astronauts' safe return.

the spacecraft consists of orbital module, return module, propulsion module and additional sections, with a total length of 886mm and a total weight of 784kg. The manual control function of the spacecraft and the subsystem of environmental control and life support provide a guarantee for the safety of astronauts.

The spacecraft was launched by the Long March-2F carrier rocket to the initial orbit with perigee of 2km, apogee of 35km and inclination of 42.4. After orbit change, it entered a circular orbit of 343km. The spacecraft circled the earth 14 times and landed in a predetermined area.

The manned space flight of Shenzhou-5 spacecraft has realized the Chinese people's desire to fly in the Millennium, which is a highly condensed wisdom and spirit of the Chinese nation and a new milestone in China's space industry in the new century. Shenzhou 5

Launch time: 9: on October 15th, 23

Launch rocket: the new Long March II F-bound rocket, which is the 71st flight of the Long March series of launch vehicles and the 29th consecutive successful space launch in China since October 1996.

flight time required for the spacecraft to enter orbit: at 9: 1, the ship and arrow separated, and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft accurately entered the scheduled orbit.

Return time: 6: 28 on October 16th, 23

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Landing location: Gulang grassland area in A Mu, Central Inner Mongolia

Flight time/lap number: 21 hours /14 laps

Carrying items: Except Yang Liwei, the first man in China, The return capsule of Shenzhou V manned spacecraft also carries a China flag with special significance, an emblem flag of Beijing 28 Olympic Games, a United Nations flag, a sample of the main currency of RMB, a commemorative stamp for China's first manned space flight, a commemorative cover for China's manned space project and crop seeds from Taiwan Province, the treasure island of the motherland.

test items: shenzhou 5 will reduce the number of test items and instruments in the cabin as much as possible, so as to make more space for astronauts to carry out activities and scientific observation tasks. it can be said that this task is mainly to investigate the adaptability of astronauts in the space environment.

application of new technology: automatic fault detection system and escape system are added for the first time. Among them, hundreds of failure modes are set, and once danger occurs, it will automatically alarm. Even after the spacecraft is launched for a period of time, it can escape from danger by escaping the rocket.

Edit this paragraph Shenzhou VI

Shenzhou VI launch time: 9: : on October 12, 25

Launch rocket: Shenjian-Long March II F carrier rocket

Flight time required for the spacecraft to enter orbit: 584 seconds

Return time: 4: 32 am on October 17

Launch location: Jiuquan Satellite. Autumn rhyme of Ziwang Grassland

Flight time/number of laps: 115 hours and 32 minutes/77 laps

Carrying articles: * * * There are 64 kinds of carrying articles in 8 categories, including the logos of famous enterprises such as Hong Kong Goldlion and Cha Group, and the biological strains, plant tissue culture seedlings and seeds of crops, plants and flowers carried are used for space breeding experiments. At the opening ceremony, six special "passengers" had the opportunity to make a wonderful appearance. They were the national flag of China, the five-ring flag of the International Olympic Committee, the flag of the Shanghai World Expo, the centennial special issue of Shenbao, the painting and calligraphy "Six Horses" and 1 space paintings by young pioneers. The articles carried by the Shenzhou VI return capsule also include the special prize composition of "I write a letter to the Shenzhou VI astronaut", special stamps of Marshal Guo and personalized stamps of Shenzhou VI, and works of famous painters and calligraphers.

technical application: there are many kinds of spacecraft, but the most commonly used one is the satellite manned spacecraft. This kind of spacecraft, like a satellite, flies in low-earth orbit hundreds of kilometers above the ground, with a flying height of about 3 kilometers. There are three types of spaceships: single-cabin, double-cabin and triple-cabin. At present, the spaceships of mature spacefaring countries in the world are all triple-cabin. This time, Shenzhou VI is a triple-cabin spacecraft, which shows that China's space technology has initially reached the international level.

The Shenzhou VI spacecraft has the following characteristics: First, it has a high starting point, and the spacecraft has the ability to carry three astronauts;

Secondly, one ship can be used for multiple purposes. After the astronauts return, the orbital cabin can be used as a satellite for half a year without being attended, and even rendezvous and docking experiments can be carried out in the future. The third is the large diameter of the return capsule, which is 2.2 meters in Russia and 2.5 meters in China. Finally, the return of the spacecraft is very safe, and this aspect has been fully tested. On the whole, the technological progress of Shenzhou VI spacecraft is enormous.

the technological progress is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, in the field of new materials, it is reported that more than 2, kinds of new materials made in China in recent years are from the aerospace field; Secondly, it is in the field of telecommunications, where there are advances in hardware and software. For example, coding technology ensures voice quality and image clarity. The third is image technology, which can be used in both military and civilian fields. The fourth is special food, and the food development of astronauts is very complicated; The fifth is special textile materials, and the space suit is a system and the crystallization of high technology; The sixth is the progress of electronic control system. Spacecraft is a complex system involving various complex subsystems, and all systems need to be controlled by electronic control system. Seventh, the progress of biomedical system. There are essential differences between manned space flight and unmanned space flight, and the complexity and reliability of the system are very different. The success of Shenzhou VI shows that China has made great progress in related biomedicine.

Shenzhou VI spacecraft is still a three-cabin structure of propulsion module, return module and orbital module. The overall shape and structure are the same as the original, and the weight is basically maintained at about 8 tons. After the spacecraft was put into orbit, it first made five rounds in an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 2 kilometers and an apogee of 35 kilometers, and then changed its orbit to a circular orbit with a distance of 343 kilometers from the ground. It took 9 minutes to fly around the earth, and the flight trajectory projected onto the ground showed a sine curve that moved eastward continuously. Orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou 5.

Because there was no rendezvous and docking mission in this flight, Shenzhou VI cancelled the additional segment for this function. In addition, more than 4 devices and 6 softwares were added to the spacecraft, bringing the number of devices, 82 softwares and more than 1, components to the spacecraft.

The improvement of Shenzhou VI can be roughly summarized into four aspects:

First, the improvement around the multi-day mission of two people. First of all, sufficient or even surplus astronaut consumables, including food, water and sleeping bags, were prepared. The food cabinet was placed in the orbital module and was previously vacant. According to the water consumption of one and a half thermos per person per day, the astronauts' water was prepared by water tank and separate soft packaging. Secondly, the environmental control ability of the cockpit is improved. One person exhales nearly one liter of water a day. Shenzhou VI has improved its ability to condense water vapor, expanded the condensation water tank, and attached absorbent materials to all exposed pipelines to ensure that the humidity of the spacecraft is controlled below 8%. Oxygen, temperature and humidity in the cabin can be automatically sensed and adjusted.

second, the improvement in the functional use of the orbital module. There are many necessities for astronauts' life, such as food heating devices and tableware. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns to rest. In weightlessness, people can actually sleep in the air, but considering the habit of people on the ground, they artificially create a feeling of "bed" through sleeping bags, otherwise astronauts may have the illusion of falling into the abyss when they sleep. There is also a special cleaning cabinet in the orbital module, where astronauts can clean with wet wipes and other items. This is the first time to use the urine collection device.

third, the improvement to improve the safety of astronauts. The astronaut's seat in the return capsule is designed with landing buffer function, which is to ensure the safety of astronauts when the thrust rocket fails. In Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, only the chair in which Yang Liwei was riding has landing buffer function, and there is a small defect, that is, it is difficult for astronauts to see the situation outside the porthole after the chair was upgraded before returning. Shenzhou VI redesigned the buffer, and repeated tests were carried out in combination with the whole ship. Three tests dropped from towers and planes were successful every time. If the hatch between the return module and the orbital module is not tightly closed when returning, it will threaten the safety of astronauts. Three astronauts were killed in Russia. Shenzhou VI researchers have successfully developed a quick and automatic inspection device for cabin door sealing, and it took several months to develop a special rag, which does not produce fiber, static electricity and odor, and is specially used to clean the cabin door.

fourth, continuous improvement. China's manned spaceflight project was officially launched in 1992, and it has been 13 years since then. Some of the components and raw materials originally used on the spacecraft are no longer produced, and some technologies are a little behind the times. Shenzhou VI has made some daily continuous improvements. For example, the "black boxes" on Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou-5 were developed in 1994, with a storage capacity of only 1 megabytes. Nowadays, the storage capacity of the black box is not only 1 times larger than the original, but also the speed of writing and reading data is increased by more than 1 times, but the volume is less than half of the original.

editing this paragraph, Shenzhou VII was successfully launched at 21: 1: 4 on September 25th, 28.

Shenzhou VII launched Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI in the middle and late October, and the launch of Shenzhou VII will be advanced to the end of September. Accord to experts, there are more suitable launch window in September and October, but because Shenzhou VII will carry out spacewalk mission, the angle of the sun when it takes off at the end of September is more suitable for astronauts' extravehicular activities, which can make the spacecraft see the sun in the shortest time and ensure that the astronauts have sunshine when they leave the cabin.

The best meteorological conditions for launching manned space flight mainly include: no precipitation, ground wind speed less than 8 meters per second and horizontal visibility more than 2 kilometers; From 8 hours before launch to 1 hour after launch, there is no lightning activity within 3 km to 4 km of the site; The maximum wind speed is less than 7 meters per second in the airspace from 3 km to 18 km, and there must be no lightning for 9 hours before and after launch.

Huang Chunping said that whether it can be launched as scheduled depends mainly on the weather at the launch site at that time. Light rain and temperature generally do not affect the normal launch of the spacecraft, but strong wind may cause the spacecraft to delay the launch, because the wind speed exceeds the bearing capacity of the rocket, which may change its flight direction.

Huang Chunping also revealed that the astronauts' spacewalk will be carried out after the spacecraft enters orbit and orbits the earth more than five times.

Search and rescue after Shenzhou VII landed

Zou Dewei, the captain of the medical rescue team at the main landing site in Inner Mongolia and the director of the 36th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, said that Shenzhou VII is different from Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou V, and the search and rescue and medical security of the main landing site will rely on helicopters instead of ground search and rescue.

During the "Shenzhou V" and "Shenzhou VI" periods, the 36 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army has been serving as the medical rescue mission for astronauts at the main landing site of China manned space flight. On August 29th, the expert medical team from 36 Hospital who carried out the "Shenzhou VII" mission went to Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia. At present, this medical rescue team composed of 16 top experts is conducting medical rescue drills near the main landing site.

In addition, the biggest difference between the medical rescue of the main landing site of Shenzhou VII and Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI is that the air search and rescue platform composed of helicopter groups will be adopted instead of the ground platform.

According to Dean Zou, the main landing site of Shenzhou VII near Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, is a latitude and longitude coordinate range with the theoretical landing site as the center, more than 1 kilometers long and more than 8 kilometers wide. If ground vehicles are used for search and rescue, the speed will be slower, so the search and rescue mission of Shenzhou VII will be mainly completed by helicopters. There are more than 1 helicopters carrying out search and rescue and medical tasks this year. Apart from the command plane, there are 6 helicopters for search and rescue, 1 helicopter for medical supervision and medical insurance, and the medical rescue team will use 3 helicopters.

Academician Qi Faren believes that going to heaven is not a tour, but a research, development and utilization of the space environment. In the past, Yang Liwei was just the first step to give it a try. To complete this task, it would take many people and days. For example, to assemble a space station or repair a satellite, people would have to get out of the cabin, and it would take at least two people to get out of the cabin. In the future, I will go to the space station by means of transportation, dock the space station, and pick up the people inside after opening the door. From abroad, they have spent many experiments to do this. Now, according to our plan, "Shenzhou VII" hopes that people can leave the cabin, and the words of ordinary people are called space walking. "Of course out of the cabin and how far is it from the cabin? You can also be closer or farther away. " Academician Qi Faren said that the next step is to solve the rendezvous and docking in China, and there must be at least three people in the rendezvous and docking. Therefore, our spacecraft should have this ability: three people stay in the sky for seven days, and they can take 3 kilograms of things when they go up and 1 kilograms when they come back. If it is successful this time, there is no need to try two people for more than a few days, then we will leave the cabin next time. Academician Qi Faren believes that Shenzhou VII, which is about to leave the capsule, must solve two big problems on the basis of Shenzhou VI. Now astronauts have a sealed cabin, in which they wear spacesuits. Without this cabin, there is no air, so the spacesuit itself must be able to supply oxygen. The second is that when there is no temperature control, the spacesuit can ensure its normal temperature, so this spacesuit is equivalent to a small sealed cabin, which is quite complicated. A more advanced spacesuit can also be equipped with an engine and left with a little fire, which is equivalent to a small spaceship. These conditions are required to leave the cabin. Academician Qi Faren said that in the future, we should have an airlock cabin on board. People should put on their spacesuits and go in, close the door and open the outside door. If the door is opened, the air will be exhausted, so there is an airlock cabin. "I'm just talking about two main things. As an astronaut, we have an extravehicular spacesuit. As a spaceship, we have to have an airlock cabin to ensure that there is an atmospheric pressure in the original cabin."

The shenzhou spaceship in this section is composed of

orbital module: "multifunctional hall"

The orbital module of Shenzhou spacecraft is a cylinder with a total length of 2.8 meters and a maximum diameter of 2.25 meters, one end of which is connected with the return module and the other end is connected with the space docking mechanism. The orbital module of "Shenzhou VI" is called "multi-function hall" because two astronauts except.