What are the climatic characteristics of Aksu?

Aksu region has typical warm temperate continental arid climate characteristics, with less precipitation and great seasonal variation, with annual precipitation of 53.2 ~ 120.6 mm (relatively more in southern Xinjiang); There are many sunny days and long sunshine hours, with annual sunshine hours of 2,670-3,022 h and total solar radiation of 5,340-6,220 MJ/m2. There are abundant sunshine, abundant light and heat resources, large annual temperature difference, large temperature difference between day and night, long frost-free period, annual168-225 d and annual average temperature of 7.9℃-/kloc-.

The average annual temperature in Aksu in 1990s was 0.8℃ higher than that in 1960s. In the past 30 years, the average annual precipitation has increased significantly.

Aksu region is a region with frequent meteorological disasters, such as gale, sandstorm, cold wave, cooling, local hail, rainstorm, flood and other meteorological disasters occur to varying degrees every year.

The geographical environment of Aksu

geography

Aksu City is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on the northwest edge of Tarim Basin, at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, on the alluvial fan of Aksu River.

It borders Wensu County in the north, Awati in the south, Wushi and Keping counties in the west, Xinhe and Shaya counties in the east, Taklimakan Desert and Luopu and Qira counties in Hotan area in the southeast. Geographical coordinates are 39 30' ~ 4127' north latitude and 79 39' ~ 82 01'east longitude.

Aksu City is located on the bank of Duolang River, with 4010 ′ north latitude and 8016 ′ east longitude. The northeast is 666 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, and the highway mileage is 10 10 kilometers. Located between Urumqi and Kashgar, it is an important town in southern Xinjiang.

hydrology

Aksu River is one of the three major international rivers in Xinjiang and the main water supply river of Tarim River. The average amount of water that the Aksu River flows into the Tarim River for many years accounts for 73.2% of the three headwaters in the upper reaches of the Tarim River (Hetian River, Yeerqiang River and Aksu River), which plays a decisive role in the formation, development and evolution of the Tarim River.

Aksu River: an international river in China and Kyrgyzstan, with a total drainage area of 52,000 square kilometers, including 6,543,800 square kilometers in Kyrgyzstan and 33,000 square kilometers in China, with an annual runoff of 8.059 billion cubic meters. Aksu River is formed by the confluence of two tributaries, Kumarak River and Tuoshigan River, which respectively flow through Akqi County and Aksu City in Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture, Wushi County and Wensu County in Aksu region. After flowing through 12km, Aksu River is divided into two tributaries, the new river in the east and the old river in the west.

Kumarak River: Originating from Keshhar Mountain in Kyrgyzstan, it flows into Pahadi Village, Wensu County, China after crossing the Keshhar Ridge, and joins the Tuoshi River to enter the Aksu River. The total length of the river is 293km, of which the foreign exchange water area in China is 10 150km2, and the catchment area in China is 2306km, accounting for only 17.99% of the total water area. The average annual runoff for many years is 4.788 billion cubic meters. The maximum annual runoff of the river is 6.9965438 billion cubic meters, and the minimum annual runoff is 3.644 billion cubic meters. The river drop is 336 meters, the water surface ratio is reduced to 9.2‰, and the river section is V-shaped, with steep slope and strong erosion.

Tosh River: Originating from Koksal Mountain in Kyrgyzstan, it flows through Akqi County in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Wushi County and Wensu County in Aksu Prefecture, and joins the Kurakurak River in the south of Pahadi Village and flows into Aksu River. The total length of the river is 457 kilometers, including 140 kilometers in Kyrgyzstan and 3 17 kilometers in China. The average annual runoff for many years is 2.663 billion cubic meters, the maximum annual runoff is 2.767 billion cubic meters, and the minimum annual runoff is10.78 billion cubic meters. The river drop is 47 1m, and the water surface ratio is reduced to 4. 1%. The upstream valley is narrow and fast-flowing, with intermittent terraces or stepped valley slopes on both sides, and the riverbed is sandy pebble riverbed.

Laoda River: Located in the southwest of Aksu City, it originated from Aixi barrage of Aksu River and then flowed into Xiqiao Water Diversion Hub. After passing through Topluk Township, Ayikule Township, Kumbashi Township, Yingairike Township, Bagto Gerakl Township and Wuluchele Town in Aksu City, it flows into the new river below Kaldun Public Security Farm, with a total length of 1 15.8km and an average annual runoff of 26. In the early 1980s, with the completion of Xiqiao Hydropower Station of the First Agricultural Division of the Production and Construction Corps, the upper reaches of the Laoda River were basically channelized and replaced by Awati main canal.

Xinda River: Originating at the tail end of Aksu River, it flows directly into Xinda River after being diverted from Ailixi barrage, and flows into Tarim River from Airike Town of Awati Baishi via Yiganqi Township of Aksu City, Tugeman Township of Baishi, Lezhen Town of Carata, Topluk Township, Kumbashi Township and Xiaojia Shuiwen Station, with a total length of 132km and an average annual runoff of 35. Except the planned water flow into Tarim River, the rest water flow into Tabei Irrigation District and Tarnum Irrigation District of No.1 Agricultural Division of Corps.

Duolang River (also known as Duolang Canal) is an ancient man-made river, which was built in the 25th year of Qing Daoguang (1845). Water is taken from the Duolang Canal Diversion Hub of Kumarak River, flows from north to south through four townships (towns) such as Yiganqi Township, thoroughbred farm, Baishi Tugeman Township and Carata Lezhen in Aksu City, and flows into Aksu New River at Namat Retreat Canal. Duolanghe Irrigation District is 78km long from north to south and 2 ~10km wide from east to west.

Tarim River: It is the largest river flowing through Aksu City and the longest inland river in China. Tarim River is located in the southeast of Aksu City/the First Agricultural Division of the Production and Construction Corps/the Xiao jacket near Jiahezi Natural Town of Kloc-0/50 km. It is formed by the confluence of Aksu River, Hotan River, Kashigar River and Yeerqiang River, with a total length of 2 179km, a total drainage area of 198000 square kilometers and a city boundary of 164km. The maximum low flow is 0.42 m3/s, the maximum flood peak flow is 1.750 m3/s, and the river often swings from north to south. July to September is the flood season and winter is the dry season. In flood season, Populus euphratica forests and desert grasslands on both sides can be irrigated, which usually plays a role in drainage. During the flood season from July to August every year, the flow velocity is 0.7 ~ 2.3m/s, the water depth is 1 ~ 7.5m, and the water width is 40 ~ 600m. In normal water period, the flow velocity is 0.3 ~ 1m/s, the water depth is 1 ~ 3.4m, the water width is 20 ~ 100m, 165438+ 10, which freezes in late October and thaws in early March, and the ice thickness is 0.3 ~ 0.

Aksu scenic spot

Timur von

Tomur Peak is located in the west of Tianshan Mountain and northwest of Wensu County, and its geographical position is very important. At an altitude of 7435.29 meters, it is the highest peak in Tianshan Mountain and was officially opened to the public in 1985. Timur Peak is "rugged, with steep peaks, steep snow and ice, high cliffs and nothing". Tomur Peak has a spectacular natural landscape. It is covered with snow all year round, and it is majestic and strange, just like a delicate axe. Biediliguan under the mountain peak is an important channel for land transportation between China and the West in ancient times.

Tianshan mysterious grand canyon

Tianshan Mystery Grand Canyon is located 72km north of Kuqa County in Aksu region, beside National Highway 2 17. It is about 5.5 kilometers long from east to west. It is carved from reddish-brown rocks by wind and rain. The winding path in the canyon is secluded, the caves are unique, the mountain shapes are different, the peaks are towering into the sky, there are ditches in the ditch and valleys in the valley. Nantianmen, Ghost Valley, Crescent Gorge, Tiger Tooth Bridge, Magic Cave, Lion Tears and other landscapes are vivid and lifelike. There is a Tang Dynasty grotto on the cliff 4 km away from Gukou 1.4, and there are residual murals and Chinese characters on the south, north and west walls of the grotto. There is also a canyon 700 meters away from the canyon, which is accompanied by the mysterious canyon. The mysterious Grand Canyon in Tianshan Mountain is a combination of heroism, danger, quietness, seclusion and spirit, and all those who are there are amazed.

Tianshan Shenmu Garden

Tianshan Shenmu Garden is located in Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, also known as Kurmish Atamu Mazha. Located 60 kilometers northwest of the county seat, with an altitude of 1.700 meters, it covers an area of more than 600 mu. Tianshan Shenmu Garden is also known as the "Gobi Pearl". Tianshan Shenmu Garden, which is called "Kurmish Atamu Mazha" in Uighur, is the tomb of the sage who passed down scriptures, and is located in Qian Shan area on the south side of Tomur Peak in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang.

Taklimakan Ma Kan

Taklimakan Desert is located in the middle of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. It is the largest desert in China, the second largest desert in the world and the largest mobile desert in the world.

Qizil Thousand Buddha Cave

Qizil Thousand Buddha Cave is one of the four largest grottoes in China. It is located in Baicheng County. It is adjacent to Mingudage Mountain in the north and Ganwei River in the south. It is believed that these grottoes were dug around the 3rd century AD and abandoned after the 8th century AD. It is the earliest and largest existing cave temple in China. It occupies a very important position in the art of China Grottoes, and is of great significance to the study of Qiuci and even social history, Buddhist culture, the relationship between China and the West, and the relationship between the western regions and the Central Plains.

Information piece: Complete works of tourist attractions around Aksu.

Aksu tourist attractions 1: Tomur Magic Grand Canyon

Wensu Tomur Magic Grand Canyon is 70 kilometers north of Wensu County, and the canyon sightseeing and exploration area is about 50 square kilometers. It is a paradise for wild animals such as antelope, argali and wolves. The mouth of the canyon is about160m wide. At the entrance, the riverbed is flat, the sand is fine and soft, and the riverbed rises slowly along the canyon, and sometimes the wide and narrow springs spew out from the riverbed. On both sides of the canyon, the peaks stand tall, and the mountains are mainly brownish red, with light green, beige and milky white interspersed. After entering the valley about 800 meters, the canyon is divided into 6 larger branches and about 50 smaller branches. The styles of boughs and twigs are different, colorful, and the vision is sometimes open and sometimes closed, and the peaks turn, sometimes dark and sometimes bright, and the peaks overlap in the valley, which is magnificent and magnificent. There are a few shrubs, Hu Yangshu and drought-tolerant plants in the canyon, and the cliffs on both sides of the canyon have been eroded by wind and rain, forming many amazing wonders, such as the gathering of heroes, the pilgrimage of thousands of monks, the glory of castles, alien visitors, the beacon tower of the post road, the lion's head looking up at the sky, the eagle striking the sky, eternal masculinity, the fight between cows and horses, rabbits and dogs, the Galaxy Waterfall and other spectacular mountain shapes. The Grand Canyon is still the original natural landscape.

Aksu tourist attraction 2: Swallow Mountain in Wushi

Yanzi Mountain, located in the west of Wushi County120km, is rich in mussel shell fossils, some of which are embedded in rock walls. There are many kinds of fossils, some like the head of a swallow, some like the wings of a swallow and a swallow, so it is called Swallow Mountain. It's actually a clam shell fossil mountain. On the stone wall halfway up Yanzi Mountain, a tall stone tablet is erected, engraved with four vigorous characters of "Yuan Mai Han Tang", which shows that Wushi County has an inseparable historical origin with our great motherland as early as the Han and Tang Dynasties.

Aksu tourist attraction 3: Tianshan Shenmu Garden

Tianshan Shenmu Garden is located in Wensu County, Aksu region, and Qian Shan region, south of Tomur Peak in Tianshan Mountain. Covering an area of more than 5 hectares, it is a pearl in the vast Gobi. The scenic spot is surrounded by alluvial Gobi desert. However, this scenic spot is a "green pearl" on the Gobi, which contains rich and colorful, beautiful and peculiar plant resources and ancient and simple religious culture. The park is full of green grass, and there are more than 10 springs flowing under the grass. Surrounded by towering old trees, the trees have different shapes, like dragons swimming, circling in chromatography and standing on the ground. Some trees are as high as 90 meters, about 1400 years old. There are nearly 20 landscapes, such as Yuanyang tree, rootless tree, "Tongtianmen", Millennium arrowhead, Kowloon stirring the sea, crocodile coming out of the pond, and reborn willow. "Shengshuiquan" spring water has the effect of eliminating diseases and strengthening the body. There are more than 10 graves in the park, which is a resort for leisure and summer vacation.

Aksu tourist attraction 4: Tomur Peak

Tomur Peak is located in Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, in the west of Tianshan Mountain, with an altitude of 7435 meters. It is the highest peak in Tianshan Mountain and the largest modern glacier area in China, and is listed as a national nature reserve. Biediliguan under the mountain peak is an important channel for land transportation between China and the West in ancient times. Tomur Peak is covered with snow all the year round, and the scenery is magnificent. Glaciers, ice sheets, glaciers, ice mushrooms and other strange ice and snow landscapes are like uncanny workmanship, and rare birds and animals gather here. Tomur Peak Nature Reserve was established in 1980, covering an area of about 1000 square kilometers. It is a highly comprehensive nature reserve with a large number of precious animals and plants.

Aksu tourist attraction 5: Tarim River

The Tarim River, known as the "wild horse without rein", is the longest inland river in China, with a total length of 2 1.79 km. Tarim River is formed by the confluence of Aksu River originating from Tianshan Mountain, Yarkant River originating from Karakorum Mountain and Hotan River. The basin covers an area of 6.5438+0.98 million square kilometers and finally flows into Taitema Lake. The flow of Tarim River varies greatly due to seasonal differences. In the hot summer, the ice and snow melt, and the river flow increases sharply, just like a "wild horse without reins" roaring through the eternal deserts and grasslands. Winter is covered with snow and ice, and there are few rivers. Populus euphratica forests on both sides of the Tahe River are dense, forming a natural green corridor with thousands of miles of fertile land and large state-owned farms. It is an important production base of grain, cotton, sericulture and melons and fruits in Xinjiang, and is known as the "land of abundance beyond the Great Wall".

Aksu tourist attractions 6: Kuqa size Longchi

From Kuqa North to Tianshan 140 km deep, there are two alpine lakes, commonly known as Longtan and Xiaolongchi, separated by a hill, with very beautiful scenery. Longtan is 2370 meters above sea level, 2500 meters long from east to west and 1000 meters wide from north to south. Xiaolongchi is 250 meters long from east to west and 100 meters long from north to south, which is shaped like a wine gourd. The lake changes slightly with the seasons. In autumn and winter, the center of the lake is a black strip, like a monster and a dragon, which adds mystery and legend to the lake. When the weather is clear, standing by the lake, you can clearly see the black dragon swimming from west to east, which is actually the result of the swaying of dark green aquatic plants growing in the lake. In the shallow water near the outlet of Xiaolongchi, green Spirogyra, brown algae and yellow algae flourish. Under the sunlight, the lake presents colorful fantasy colors such as green, yellow, yellow and light brown, just like the colorful pool in Jiuzhaigou. At the foot of the mountain, green cedars are covered with green grass, cattle and sheep flock together, and herdsmen's yurts adorn them. Occasionally, you can see snow chickens, antelopes and snow leopards. The famous Tianshan Highway, like a black python, winds along Longchi to Tieli Maidiban at an altitude of 3,700 meters in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, crosses the longest highway tunnel in China, and travels for about 70 kilometers, then enters the Bayinbuluke grassland with flocks of cattle and sheep and abundant water plants.

Aksu tourist attraction 7: the mysterious Tianshan Grand Canyon

Tianshan Mystery Grand Canyon is located 72km north of Kuqa County in Aksu region, with an altitude of1620m. 2 17 national highway, with convenient transportation. The canyon is east-west, with a depth of 5.5 kilometers. It is made of reddish-brown rocks carved by wind and rain. The winding path in the canyon is secluded, the caves are unique, the mountain shapes are different, the peaks are straight into the sky, there are ditches in the ditch, and there are valleys in the valley. The landscapes such as Nantianmen, Ghost Valley, Crescent Gorge, Tiger Tooth Bridge, Skyscraper Cave and Men's Scarlet Tears are vivid and lifelike. There is a Tang Dynasty grotto on the cliff 4 kilometers away from Gukou 1.4, and there are residual murals on the south, north and west walls of the grotto. There is also a canyon 700 meters away from the canyon, which is accompanied by the mysterious canyon. The mysterious Grand Canyon in Tianshan Mountain is a combination of male, dangerous, quiet, secluded and spiritual, and all those who are there are amazed.

Aksu tourist attraction 8: Kuqa Palace

Kuqa Wang Fu is located in Lin Ji Road, Kuqa Old Town. Since the beginning of 2004, it has invested130,000 yuan to restore and rebuild the former site of the 12th Manchu hereditary prince Mi. The full name of Kuqa Wang Fu, which was restored and rebuilt, is "Kuqa was originally inherited by Prince Mi". After reconstruction, the Kuqa Wang Fu is basically restored to its original appearance, adopting a typical Uygur architectural style, which consists of two groups of buildings adjacent to Wang Fu and Xiaowangfu. There are pavilions, houses and related buildings with strong ethnic customs suitable for the Uighur royal tribes, and the overall design style is harmonious and distinctive. For the convenience of tourists, the Kuqa Museum will also be moved to Wang Fu and renamed the Kucha Museum.