20 18 General College Entrance Examination (Revealed) Geography (2) [Analysis]

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20 18 general college entrance examination (revealing secrets) geography (2) analysis

20 18-05-29 13:59: 16

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Literature and Comprehensive Geography (College Entrance Examination Literature and Comprehensive Geography)

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Before the top secret is activated

20 18 National Unified Entrance Examination for Colleges and Universities

Geography Ability Test (2)

Precautions:

1. Before answering questions, candidates must fill in their names and admission ticket numbers on the answer sheet.

2. When answering multiple-choice questions, after selecting the answer to each question, black the answer label of the corresponding question on the answer sheet with a pencil. If you need to change it, clean it with an eraser, and then choose to apply other answer labels. When answering multiple-choice questions, write the answers on the answer sheet, which is invalid on this paper.

Please hand in this paper and the answer sheet together after the exam.

volume one

There are *** 1 1 small questions in this volume, with 4 points for each small question and 44 points for * * *. Of the four options given in each question, only one meets the requirements of the topic.

Since 1990s, American Apple has gradually outsourced its manufacturing business. At present, its products are mainly made by manufacturers in China and other Asian countries. Driven by the US government, there has been a trend of high-end manufacturing in the United States in recent years, and Apple has also transferred some Mac computers back to the United States for production. Complete 1 ~ 2 questions accordingly.

1. Apple's product manufacturing business is outsourced to Asian manufacturers. The main factors to consider are

A. Raw materials B. Labor C. Market D. Policy

2. The return of high-end manufacturing is beneficial to the United States.

A. Reduce environmental pollution B. Improve the level of urbanization

C. Improve product quality D. Maintain industrial advantages

The analysis of the question 1 shows that the parts and components needed by Apple to produce electronic products are purchased globally and have little to do with the raw materials in a certain place; Its high-end electronic products are sold to the world market; Asian countries have the same policy attraction as other countries (including developed countries), which is not the main factor affecting their layout in Asia; The manufacturing business of Apple's electronic products is a labor-intensive industry, and the Asian labor force has obvious advantages. Question 2: the return of high-end manufacturing to the United States cannot reduce pollution, and even related industries will bring pollution; The level of urbanization in the United States is already very high, and industrial returns have little influence on it; High-end manufacturing industry has certain product quality standards, which will not change greatly because of changing the production place; Some developed countries, such as the United States, have experienced industrial losses and their industrial status has been weakening. The return of high-end manufacturing will help the United States maintain its leading position in high-end industries.

Answer 1.b2.d

In general, the atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, but under some weather conditions, the atmospheric structure above the ground will have an abnormal phenomenon that the temperature increases with the increase of altitude, which is called "inversion" in meteorology. Read the vertical temperature profile of a certain area in China (unit:℃). Complete 3 ~ 5 questions accordingly.

3. The main reasons for the vertical temperature distribution in the figure are

A. The higher the altitude, the less ground radiation is absorbed.

B. The higher the altitude, the less solar radiation is absorbed.

The higher the latitude, the less solar radiation reaches the ground.

D. the higher the latitude, the stronger the influence of cold air.

4. The main factors leading to the low latitude bulge of point A isotherm are as follows

A. Latitude position

C. Atmospheric circulation D. Distance from the ocean

5. The thickness of inversion layer is the largest in the following cities.

A. Zhengzhou B. Fuyang C. Anqing D. Ganzhou

Through the analysis of the third question, we can see that the main trend of temperature change in the vertical direction is the decrease of temperature from the ground to the upper air. According to what we know, the ground is the main heat source of the atmosphere near the ground. The higher the altitude, the lower the air density, the weaker the radiation reaching the ground, and the less the absorption of ground radiation, which leads to the temperature drop from the ground to the upper air. Question 4: The isotherm at point A bulges to the low latitude, indicating that the low temperature at point A is caused by the invasion of cold air in the north. Question 5: According to the definition of inversion layer and the vertical change of temperature in the figure, inversion layer is roughly located between AA' and BB' (as shown in the figure below), so Ganzhou is the thickest inversion layer among the four options.

Answer 3.a4.c5.d

The following figure shows the change of the proportion of the sum of DBH cross-sectional areas (cross-sectional areas of trees outside 1.3m) of three main trees above 1.200m on the southeast and northwest slopes of a mountain peak in the eastern monsoon region of China and its vicinity. The average annual precipitation of this mountain is 2368mm, and the precipitation on the southeast slope at the same altitude is 65438+ more than that on the northwest slope.

6. The mountain peak is most likely located.

A. Taihang Mountain B. Qinling Mountain C. Wuyishan Mountain D. Dabie Mountain

7. The main factors that affect the ratio difference of evergreen broad-leaved forest on the northwest slope and southeast slope at altitude 1600 m ~ 2000 m are as follows

A. Heat B. Precipitation C. Soil moisture D. Terrain fluctuation

8. The combination of the following aspect and elevation is most likely to be the most abundant tree species.

A. the elevation of the southeast slope is1400m, and the elevation of the northwest slope is1600m.

C. Northwest slope at an altitude of1200m D. Southeast slope at an altitude of1900m.

According to the analysis of question 6, the upper limit of the distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forest in this mountain is about 2000m above sea level, and the precipitation is very rich, so it should be located in the low latitude area of China. Question 7: As can be seen from the figure, at the altitude of 1600 m ~ 2000 m, the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved forest on the northwest slope is obviously higher than that on the southeast slope ... The southeast slope of the eastern monsoon region of China is located on the sunny slope and windward slope, with good thermal conditions and abundant precipitation. Judging from these two conditions, the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved forest on the southeast slope should be higher than that on the northwest slope, which is obviously inconsistent with the chart. Northwest slope is located in shady slope, evaporation is relatively weak, and soil moisture condition is better than southeast slope, which is the main reason for the difference of specific gravity between the two slopes of evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is impossible to judge the topography of the two slopes by data and maps. Question 8: According to the map, compared with other combinations, at the altitude of 1600 meters on the northwest slope, all three kinds of tree species are distributed, and the proportion of the sum of the cross-sectional areas at the breast height of trees is not much different, and the tree species richness is the highest.

Answer 6.c7.c8.b

Taratan (Figure A) in * * * County of Qinghai Province is dominated by Gobi dunes, which is one of the areas with the most serious sandstorm hazards in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. From 20 1 1 to 20 17, the photovoltaic industry was vigorously developed in Taratan, and dozens of photovoltaic enterprises built industrial parks. The development of photovoltaic industry has promoted ecological improvement, vegetation has been continuously restored, and sand dune movement has obviously slowed down. However, vegetation restoration has a negative impact on the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, the shepherd industry was introduced into the park (Figure B), forming a virtuous circle. Look at the picture and complete the 9 ~ 1 1 question.

Figure a figure b

9. The main ecological and environmental problems in Taratan area are as follows

A.b. Soil erosion

C. Forest destruction D. Land salinization

10. The photovoltaic industry has promoted the vegetation growth in Tara Beach, and the key is because of solar panels.

A, stop wind and sand, reduce wind erosion B, absorb heat, and increase soil temperature.

C, reduce evaporation, increase soil moisture D, reflect sunlight, and improve lighting conditions.

1 1. The introduction of animal husbandry into photovoltaic industrial park is beneficial to

A.b. Increase hydropower generation

C. Slow down the moving speed of sand dunes D. Improve the land utilization rate.

Question 9: Taratan area is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the typical vegetation on the surface is plateau meadow. According to the material information of "Gobi sand dunes are the main ones", it can be seen that the vegetation here has been seriously damaged, so the main ecological problem is grassland degradation. Question 10: Talatan area has high altitude, thin air, many sunny days, strong solar radiation and strong ground evaporation. Solar panels can block sunlight, reduce evaporation, improve soil moisture and promote grass growth. Question 1 1: Sheep eat weeds in the park, which reduces the coverage of weeds on the battery panels and improves the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation; The coexistence of photovoltaic power generation and grazing in the park can improve the land utilization rate and economic benefits.

Answer 9. A10.c11.d.

Volume II

This volume consists of two parts: mandatory questions and multiple-choice questions. Questions 36 to 37 are entitled Required Questions, and candidates must answer each question. 42 ~ 43 are entitled "Selected Examination Questions", and candidates answer them as required.

36. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (26 points)

Oil palm is a woody oil plant, which likes high temperature, high humidity and strong light environment, and the area with sunshine for more than 5 hours every day is the most ideal. Oil palm can be squeezed within 3 years after planting, and its economic life is 25-30 years. The oil content of oil palm fruit is as high as 50%, and the oil yield per mu of oil palm is nearly 10 times that of soybean, so it is known as the "world oil king". Compared with soybean oil, the price of palm oil is very low, and it is the largest vegetable oil in international trade at present.

Malaysia is the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil, with more than 2 million people directly and indirectly employed. In Sabah (pictured) in the east of the country, the planting area of oil palm is over 6,543,800 hectares, accounting for about 30% of the total area of oil palm plantations in China. In 2005, Sabah government began to build a palm oil industrial complex in Nadu town, integrating the upstream and downstream industrial chain enterprises of palm oil, and building a comprehensive park integrating raw material planting, production and processing, logistics and transportation. Palm oil and its processed products are widely used, mainly in food industry, soap industry and fine chemical industry.

(1) The light conditions suitable for the growth of oil palm trees in Sabah were analyzed. (6 points)

(2) Explain why the price of Malaysian palm oil is very low compared with that of American soybean oil. (6 points)

(3) Analyze the reasons why Sabah palm oil is mainly exported to China instead of Indonesia. (8 points)

(4) Analyze the reasons why Sabah plans to build a palm oil industrial complex in Nadu Town. (6 points)

answer

(1) Low latitude, large solar altitude angle, strong solar radiation and strong illumination; Convective rainfall in the equatorial region is abundant and intense, but it lasts for a short time, so that sufficient sunshine time can be guaranteed every day. (6 points)

(2) Oil palm grows in the tropics, with long economic life and large fruit yield; Oil palm fruit has high oil content and high oil yield per unit area; Malaysia is a developing country with abundant cheap labor and low processing cost of palm oil. (6 points)

(3) China's tropical area is small, there are few areas suitable for oil palm cultivation, and palm oil consumption is large, which requires a large number of imports; Indonesia is located in the tropical region, with a large planting area of oil palm and a large self-production of palm oil. (8 points)

(4) The surrounding oil palm is widely planted, close to the origin of raw materials; Close to the port, convenient for product transportation; The park covers a large area and the land price in the town is cheap. (6 points)

37. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (20 points)

The average salinity of Shanghai water in the world is 3.5%, and underground brine is a liquid mineral with a salt content of more than 5%. The coast of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province (pictured) is rich in underground brine resources, with high brine concentration and shallow burial. At present, the comprehensive development and utilization technology of underground brine is usually to extract underground brine, directly extract bromine, and then sun-dry salt with tail water to make soda ash with salt as raw material. In recent years, bromine plants along the coast of Laizhou Bay have been increasing, and bromine extracted from brine in some seasons is directly discharged into the sea, which is a serious waste.

(1) The formation reasons of underground brine along the coast of Laizhou Bay are analyzed. (8 points)

(2) Compared with salt drying in seawater, it embodies the advantages of salt drying in underground brine. (6 points)

(3) Analyze the possible adverse effects of increasing bromine plants on the local environment. (6 points)

answer

(1) The coast of Laizhou Bay is low and easy to be invaded by seawater; (2 points) The precipitation in this area is less (in some seasons) and evaporation is vigorous. Seawater (in sand layer) is thickened due to strong evaporation and stored under infiltration, gradually forming underground brine resources. (6 points)

(2) The salinity of brine is higher than that of seawater, and the drying time is less; Underground brine is relatively clean and has good salinity (offshore seawater is easy to be polluted). (6 points)

(3) Excessive extraction of underground brine will cause the water level of underground brine to drop, forming an underground funnel area, leading to ground subsidence; A large amount of bromine tail water directly enters the sea, and the salinity of offshore seawater increases, destroying the marine ecological environment (affecting fishery resources); The discharge of industrial wastewater has increased, and environmental pollution has intensified. (2 points per point, ***6 points)

Please choose one of the questions 42 and 43. If you do too much, score according to the first question. When answering questions, please use 2B pencil to black the box after the title number of the selected item on the answer sheet.

42. Geography-Elective 3: Tourism Geography (10)

The ancient tea-horse road originated from the "tea-horse exchange" in the Tang and Song Dynasties (the exchange of horses and tea), and it is one of the highest ancient cultural exchange roads in the world. Lijiang is an important town on the Yunnan-Tibet line of the ancient tea-horse road, and still retains a relatively complete trail.

Answer the following questions according to the schematic diagram of Yunnan Province.

This paper analyzes the main dangers that may be encountered in walking from Shangri-La to Lhasa along the Yunnan-Tibet line of the ancient tea-horse road in summer.

answer

There are many rainstorms in summer, and natural disasters such as floods, mudslides and landslides are easily induced in mountainous areas; When crossing the mountains and entering the plateau, altitude sickness is easy to occur due to lack of oxygen; In summer, the temperature is high, the activity of insects and snakes is large, and it is easy to be bitten; High mountains and deep valleys, dense vegetation at low altitudes, limited vision and easy to get lost; At high altitude, the sun's radiation is strong during the day, which is easy to burn the skin. At night, the temperature is low, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is easy to catch a cold. (10)

43. Geography-Elective 6: Environmental Protection (10)

Eutrophication of lakes is mainly due to excessive discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic sewage, which leads to a large number of phytoplankton such as algae in lakes and the decline of water quality. Chlorophyll is an important component of phytoplankton, among which chlorophyll A is a type of chlorophyll contained in all phytoplankton, and the content of chlorophyll A in water has become a key index to measure eutrophication of water. The distribution of cyanobacteria in Chaohu Lake is influenced by wind direction, external input and other factors, which changes greatly. The measured chlorophyll a concentration in surface water samples of Chaohu Lake increased from 16.6 15μg/L in May 1965 to 238.942μg/L in June and 3 1 1.659μ g in July.

This paper describes the characteristics of water quality changes in Chaohu Lake from May to July in 20 13, and briefly describes the measures that can be taken to improve the water quality of lakes in this area.

answer

Change characteristics: the water quality of the lake is declining and the water body is seriously eutrophic. (2 points) Measures: increase publicity to raise residents' awareness of environmental protection, (reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in domestic sewage); Strengthen the treatment of domestic sewage; Strengthen the research on lake pollution control and improve the ability of lake control; Dredge the river, increase the fluidity of the lake and improve the purification ability of the lake itself. (Answer 4 points, 8 points)

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