How to explain the anti-temperate climate?

In the morning or evening in winter and spring, especially in windless weather, it is often seen that smoke rises to a certain height in the city, then floats horizontally and penetrates in all directions, and the whole vision soon becomes blurred. With the coming of smog, the weather is gloomy and the sun is dim, which makes people breathless, and at the same time, they will smell unpleasant smells such as soot. People with poor physical resistance will have chest tightness, cough, sore throat, vomiting, difficulty breathing and other symptoms. When we stand high in the suburbs and look at the city, we will find a layer of mist hanging over the city like a big pot cover. Why is this happening? The reason is that "upside down" is at work. Concept Generally speaking, in the lower atmosphere, the temperature usually decreases with the increase of altitude. But sometimes the opposite situation may occur at some levels, and the temperature increases with the increase of height. This phenomenon is called inversion. The atmosphere with inversion phenomenon is called inversion layer. The main reasons for the formation of inversion layer are: first, radiation cooling on the ground; Second, air advection cooling; Third, the air sinks and heats up; The fourth is the turbulent mixing of air; The fifth is the inversion temperature formed on the front. According to different reasons, the inversion layer can be divided into radiation inversion layer, advection inversion layer, subsidence inversion layer, frontal inversion layer and turbulent inversion layer. But no matter what kind of inversion layer, it has certain influence on the weather. Harm in the inversion layer, warmer and lighter air is located on the colder and heavier air, forming an extremely stable air layer, just like a pot cover, covering the near-surface layer, which seriously hinders the convection movement of air. Because of this, the water vapor, smoke dust, automobile exhaust and various harmful gases in the air near the surface layer cannot diffuse outward and upward, but only float in the air layer below the inversion layer, which is beneficial to the formation of clouds. It has brought trouble to transportation, and more seriously, it has hindered the timely diffusion of pollutants in the air, aggravated air pollution and endangered people's lives and property. More than half of the major public hazards in the modern world are related to the influence of inversion layer. According to the causes of inversion, it can be divided into the following categories: radiation inversion: the inversion formed by strong radiation on the ground is called radiation inversion. On a clear, windless or breezy night, the ground is cooled by radiation, and the air layer near the ground is the strongest, while the air in the upper layer is slow, resulting in the inversion of the lower atmosphere. Radiation inversion generally disappears after sunrise. Advection inversion: The inversion caused by warm air flowing to the cold ground is called advection inversion. When warm air flows to the cold ground, there is constant heat exchange between the warm air and the cold ground. The warm air in the lower layer is most affected by the cold ground, and the temperature drop is the strongest, while the temperature drop in the upper layer is slow, resulting in inversion. The intensity of advection inversion mainly depends on the temperature difference between warm air and cold ground. The greater the temperature difference, the stronger the inversion. Turbulent inversion: the inversion caused by turbulent mixing of lower air is called turbulent inversion. When the direct reduction rate of air temperature in the gas layer is less than that of dry insulation, the temperature distribution of the gas layer gradually approaches the direct reduction rate of dry insulation after turbulent mixing. The air temperature rising due to turbulence decreases according to the direct reduction rate of dry insulation. When the air rises to the top of the mixed layer, its temperature is lower than the surrounding air. As a result of mixing, the temperature of the upper air is reduced. When the air sinks, the situation is just the opposite, resulting in a lower temperature rise. In this way, in the turbulent weakening layer, inversion occurs. Settlement inversion: the inversion caused by the whole layer of air subsidence is called settlement inversion. When a gas layer sinks, the thickness of the gas layer decreases due to the gradual increase of air pressure and the horizontal diffusion of the gas layer. If the sinking process of the gas layer is adiabatic, the relative position of air in each part of the gas layer remains unchanged. At this time, the sinking distance at the top of the air layer is greater than that at the bottom, which makes the adiabatic temperature rise at the top greater than that at the bottom. Therefore, when the gas layer sinks to a certain height, the temperature at the top of the gas layer is higher than that at the bottom, resulting in inversion. Settlement inversion mostly occurs in areas controlled by high pressure, with wide range, thick inversion layer and long inversion duration. Front inversion: the front is a narrow transition zone between cold and warm air masses, with warm air masses above the front and cold air masses below. In the transition zone of cold and warm air mass, inversion is formed. In the influence of nature, the formation of inversion is often the result of several reasons. No matter how the inversion is formed, as long as the inversion appears, it will have a certain impact on the weather. The inversion layer can hinder the vertical movement of air; Lots of smoke, steam, etc. Gathering under the inversion layer will make the visibility worse and easily cause air pollution.